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Declaration of independence

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A declaration of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of the territory of another state or failed state, or are breakaway territories from within the larger state. In 2010, the UN's International Court of Justice ruled in an advisory opinion in Kosovo that "International law contains no prohibition on declarations of independence",<ref name="International Court of Justice">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> though the state from which the territory wishes to secede may regard the declaration as rebellion, which may lead to a war of independence or a constitutional settlement to resolve the crisis.

List of declarations of independenceEdit

{{#invoke:Hatnote|hatnote}}

State Declaration Date Association Signatories First recognizing state(s)
Template:Flagicon image Albania Albanian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Assembly of Vlorë Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of Independence of Armenia Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Armenian National Congress (1917), Armenian Revolutionary Federation Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of State Sovereignty of Armenia Template:DTS Template:Flag Levon Ter-Petrosyan and Supreme Council of Armenia secretary Ara Sahakian Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry Proclamation of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic Template:DTS Template:Flag Nagorno-Karabakh Regional and Shahumyan District Councils of People's Deputies of the Azerbaijan SSR
Template:Flag Azawadi Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Template:Flag Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Azerbaijani National Council Template:Flag
Template:Flag Act on Restoration of State Independence of Azerbaijan Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Council of Azerbaijan Template:Flag
Template:Flag Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh Template:Flag
Template:Flag Third Constituent Charter Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
Template:Noflag Announcement of the Declaration of Independence of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Byelorussia Template:DTS Template:Flag Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Byelorussia, trade unions Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Soviet of the BSSR Template:Flag
Template:Flag Belgian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Provisional Government of Belgium
Template:Flagcountry Bosnian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Bougainville Bougainville Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Bougainville Interim Government
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of the Independence of Brazil Template:DTS Template:Flag Pedro I of Brazil Template:Flag
Template:Flag Bulgarian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Ferdinand of Bulgaria and the Government of Bulgaria Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Burmese Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag Declaration of the Catalan Republic as a state of the Iberian Federation Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain Francesc Macià, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Template:Flag Declaration of the Catalan state within the Federal Republic of Spain Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain Lluís Companys, Generalitat Government of Catalonia
Template:Flag Declaration from the representatives of Catalonia as the Catalan Republic Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry(present day
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag) 		Act of Independence of Central America Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain
Template:Flag Chilean Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain National Congress Template:Flag
Template:Flag Colombian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain
File:Flag of the Comoros (1963–1975).svg Comoros Comorian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Council of Crimea Template:Flag
Template:Flag Declaration of the Establishment of the Sovereign and Independent Republic of Croatia Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Template:Flag
Template:Flag Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Czechoslovak National Council Template:Flag
Template:Flag Dominican Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Haiti Template:Flag
Template:Flag East Timorese declaration of independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Template:Flag
Template:Flag Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Unilateral grant of independence by the British government Template:Flag
Template:Flag Estonian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry		 Estonian Salvation Committee Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Estonian Reconfirmation of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Congress of Estonia Template:Flag (reconfirmed earlier recognition)
Template:Flag Finnish Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Parliament of Finland Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag
(present day Template:Flag)		 Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
(real independence)Template:Clarify 		Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Provisional Governmental Board Template:Flagcountry<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagicon image Florida Florida's Constitution of 1861 Template:DTS Template:Flag Florida State Legislature
Template:Flagicon image Galicia Declaration of the Republic of Galicia Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Spain
Template:Flag Georgian Declaration of Independence, 1918 Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Georgian National Council Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Act of Restoration of State Independence of Georgia Template:DTS<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>||Template:Flag|| Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia||Template:Flag

Template:Flagicon image Georgia, State of Georgia's secession declaration Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Greek Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry First National Assembly Template:Flag
Template:Flag Guinea-Bissau Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag Haitian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Jean-Jacques Dessalines Template:Flagicon image France<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagicon image Hungary Hungarian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagdeco Habsburgs
Template:Flag Icelandic Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Template:Flag
Template:Flag Declaration of the Independence of India Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag Proclamation of Indonesian Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Sukarno & Mohammad Hatta Template:Flag<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagcountry Iraq Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Proclamation of the Irish Republic Template:DTS Template:Flag Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
Template:Flagicon image Irish Republic Irish Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Dáil Éireann Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Israeli Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Jewish People's Council Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Katanga Katangan Declaration of IndependenceTemplate:Citation needed Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Congo-Léopoldville
Template:Flag Korean Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova Template:DTS Template:Flag Assembly of Kosovo Template:Flag
Template:Flag Kosovo declaration of independence Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag Administration		 "Democratically elected leaders of our people"<ref group="lower-alpha">No reference in original Albanian text to the declaration being the work of the Assembly of Kosovo. The language used in the declaration differs from that employed in acts of the Assembly of Kosovo in that the first paragraph commences with the phrase "We, the democratically-elected leaders of our people . . .", whereas acts of the Assembly of Kosovo employ the third person singular. Moreover, the procedure employed in relation to the declaration differed from that employed by the Assembly of Kosovo for the adoption of legislation. It was not transmitted to the Special Representative of the Secretary General and was not published in the Official Gazette of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government of Kosovo. As the practice shows, he would have been under a duty to take action with regard to acts of the Assembly of Kosovo which he considered to be ultra vires. Taking all factors together, the authors of the declaration of independence of 17 February 2008 did not act as one of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government within the Constitutional Framework, but rather as persons who acted together in their capacity as representatives of the people of Kosovo outside the framework of the interim administration.</ref> Template:Flag
Template:Flag Latvian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry 		People's Council of Latvia Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR Template:Flag
Template:Flag Liberian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image American Colonization Society Liberian Constitutional Convention Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Act of Independence of Lithuania Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry 		Council of Lithuania Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flag Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Council of Lithuania Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Lower Canada Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Robert Nelson
Template:Flagicon image Macedonia Independence of the Republic of Macedonia Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Template:Flag
Template:Flag
(present day Malaysia)		 Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 Template:DTS Template:Flag Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia Template:Flag<ref name="Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957">Template:Sourcetext</ref>
Template:Flagicon image Mississippi A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova Template:DTS Template:Flag Parliament of the Republic of Moldova Template:Flag
Template:Flag Montenegro declaration of independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Assembly of the Republic of Montenegro Template:Flag
Template:Flag Moroccan Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagdeco France Istiqlal Party
Template:Flagcountry Act of Abjuration Template:DTS Template:Flag Union of Utrecht
Template:Flagicon image Northern America
(present day) Template:Flag		 Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America Template:DTS Template:Flag Congress of Anáhuac
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Template:DTS Template:Flag Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Northern Epirus Northern Epirote Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Albania Provisional Government of Northern Epirus
Template:Flagicon image North Solomons Declaration of Independence of the Republic of the North Solomons Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Territory of Papua and New Guinea (Australia) Unknown Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Small		 Declaration of Independence of Norway Template:Small, and the Constitution of Norway Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Small		 Norwegian Constituent Assembly
Template:Flag National Liberation Day of Korea Template:DTS Template:Flag Kim Il Sung Template:Flag
Template:Flag Padanian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flags Italy
Template:Flag Lahore Resolution Template:DTS Template:Flag Muslim League (Pakistan)
Template:Flagcountry Palestinian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Palestinian territories

Template:Flag (claimed the West Bank until 1988)

Palestinian National Council Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Peru Act of the Declaration of Independence of Peru Template:DTS Template:Flag José de San Martín Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Philippines Philippine Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagdeco Spain

Template:Flag

98 representatives of Dictatorial Government of the Philippines<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (ratified on September 29, 1898, by the Malolos Congress<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>)
Template:Flagicon image Provinces of the Río de la Plata
(present-day
Template:Flag
Template:Flag
Template:Flag)		 Argentine Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagdeco Spain Congress of Tucumán Template:Flagcountry
Template:Flagcountry Rhodesian Unilateral Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Ian Smith and the rest of the Cabinet
Template:Flag Romanian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag King Carol I
Template:Flag Belovezha Accords Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Template:Flag Bir Lehlou Declaration Template:DTS Template:Flag Polisario Front Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Declaration of Arbroath Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Scottish leaders
Template:Flagicon image Serbia The Proclamation (Proglašenije/Проглашеније) Template:DTS Template:Flag Karađorđe Petrović and Serbian MPs
Template:Flag Proclamation of Singapore<ref>Singapore was forced out of Malaysia by the Malaysian Parliament, and the proclamations were then agreed by the two governments. See the Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965 Template:Webarchive (1985 Rev. Ed.) and the Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.</ref> Template:DTS Template:Flag<ref name="Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia">Template:Sourcetext</ref><ref name="proclamation of singapore">Template:Sourcetext</ref> Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore Template:Flag<ref name="Singapore Act 1966">Template:Sourcetext</ref>
Template:Flag Martin Declaration Template:DTS Template:Flag Slovak National Council Template:Flag
Template:Flag Slovak National Council's Declaration of Independence of the Slovak Nation Template:DTS Template:Flag Slovak National Council
Template:Flag Slovenian Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Template:Flag
Template:Flag Somaliland Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flag National Liberation Day of Korea Template:DTS Template:Flag Syngman Rhee Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image South Carolina Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union Template:DTS Template:Flag South Carolinians in Charleston
Template:Flag Declaration of Independence of Sri Lanka (Then known as "Ceylon") Template:DTS Template:Flag
Template:Flagcountry Texas Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image Mexico Template:Flag
Template:Flagicon image Texas, State of A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Texas Legislature
Template:Flagcountry Tibet's Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flagicon image China 13th Dalai Lama Template:Flag
Template:Flag About Independence and Bases of a State System of Turkmenistan Template:DTS Template:Flag none Template:Flag
Template:Flag IV Universal Template:DTS Template:Flagcountry Central Council of Ukraine
Template:Flag Declaration of Independence of Ukraine Template:DTS Template:Flag Verkhovna Rada Template:Flag
Template:Flag<ref>Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition by Roman Solchanyk, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000, Template:ISBN (page 100)
Canadian Yearbook of International Law, Vol 30, 1992, University of British Columbia Press, 1993, Template:ISBN (page 371)
Template:Cite book, p. 355</ref>
Template:Flag United States Declaration of Independence Template:DTSTemplate:Efn-la Template:Flagcountry Second Continental Congress Template:Flag<ref>US-Morocco Diplomatic Relationship Template:Webarchive. Official Web site of the Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco to the United States of America.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagicon image United Tribes of New Zealand Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand Template:DTS — Māori chiefs Template:Flag<ref>Template:Citation</ref>
Template:Flag Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Supreme Council of Uzbekistan Template:Flag
Template:Flag Venezuelan Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag National Congress
Template:Flagcountry Vermont Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag

Template:Flagicon image British Quebec

Template:Flag Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam Template:DTS Template:Flag Hồ Chí Minh Template:Flag
Democratic Republic of the Yorubaland Declaration of Independence Template:DTS Template:Flag Modupe Onitiri-Abiola and Ominira Yoruba Group

See alsoEdit

Explanatory notesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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