Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use dmy dates Template:Expand Finnish {{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}Template:Template otherTemplate:Main other Template:Infobox ethnonymLivvi-Karelian<ref name=ethnologue16LK>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Template:Langx)<ref name=ethnologue16LK/><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> is a supradialect of Karelian, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,<ref name=ethnologue16>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web
}}</ref> spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River.
The name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
HistoryEdit
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland, in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.<ref>"Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture</ref> Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.Template:Citation needed
PhonologyEdit
VowelsEdit
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | |
| Close | main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | |
| Mid | main}} | main}} | main}} | |
| Open | main}} | main}} | ||
ConsonantsEdit
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | main}} | main}} | main}} | main}} | ||
| voiced | main}} | main}} | main}} | main}} | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} | ||||
| voiced | main}} | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | main}}) | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} | main}}) | main}} | |
| voiced | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} | |||||
| Nasal | main}} | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}}) | ||||
| Approximant | main}} | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | main}} | ||||
| Rhotic | {{#invoke:IPA|main}} | ||||||
- Consonants may also occur as geminated or long {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
- Sounds {{#invoke:IPA|main}} are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
- {{#invoke:IPA|main}} can have allophones of {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
- {{#invoke:IPA|main}} is heard as {{#invoke:IPA|main}} when preceding {{#invoke:IPA|main}} or {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.
- Palatalization {{#invoke:IPA|main}} may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels {{#invoke:IPA|main}}.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
AlphabetEdit
Livvi-Karelian uses the Latin alphabet and has the following letters in its alphabet, which is called the Karelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Zz, Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, Ää, Öö.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Until 2007, the ü letter was a part of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
GrammarEdit
Livvi-Karelian and its grammatical cases are quite similar to the Finnish language and other related Finnic languages.
The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | lang}} | lang}} |
| gen. | lang}} | lang}} |
| par. | lang}} | lang}} |
| ine. | lang}} | lang}} |
| ill. | lang}} | lang}} |
| ela. | lang}} | lang}} |
| ade. | lang}} | lang}} |
| abe. | lang}} | lang}} |
| all. | lang}} | lang}} |
| abl. | lang}} | lang}} |
| ess. | lang}} | lang}} |
| tra. | lang}} | lang}} |
| com. | lang}} | lang}} |
| prol. | lang}} | lang}} |
| term. | lang}} | lang}} |
| approx. | lang}} | lang}} |
| acc. | lang}} | lang}} |
Common phrasesEdit
Source:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Hello! - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
How are you? - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Good night! - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Good afternoon! - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Do you speak Karelian? - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
I'm sorry. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
You're welcome. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
I love you. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Goodbye. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
My name is ... - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Excuse me. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Help! - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Cheers! - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Right. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Left. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Yes. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
No.. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
One. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Two. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Three. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Four. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}
Five. - {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}