Template:Short description Template:Infobox Criminal organization The Template:Nihongo is a yakuza syndicate based in Tokyo. Originally named the Template:Nihongo, with its historic leader Hisayuki Machii, the Toa-kai was deeply involved in the history of Tokyo's South Korean community and Japan's anti-communist circles in the 20th century.
HistoryEdit
The group was formed by Hisayuki Machii, a Zainichi Korean mob boss,<ref name="facta">"Overview of a 'heretic' of post-war history", April 2009, The Facta Magazine Template:In lang</ref> as the Tosei-kai in 1948.<ref name="Kaplan_228"/> The Tosei-kai was originally a reported far-right organization of anti-communist activism<ref name="facta"/> led by Machii as a sympathizer of Kanji Ishiwara,<ref name="sano">"Review : The Man Called the Wild Bull : 'Tosei-kai' Hisayuki Machii's Post-war History" Template:Webarchive, March 2009, Shin'ichi Sano, Shinchosha Template:In lang</ref> which was in conflict with the North Korea-associated General Association of Korean Residents in Japan.<ref name="facta"/>
The Tosei-kai quickly became one of Tokyo's most powerful gangs,<ref name="Kaplan_228"/> and had significantly expanded during the time of the post-war economic growth. Membership reached 1,500 in the 1960s.<ref name="facta"/> As the leader of the syndicate, Machii became an essential "fixer" between Japan and South Korea.<ref name="time">"Hisayuki Machii - Top 10 Real-Life Mob Bosses", 20 January 2011, TIME</ref>
Increasing police crackdowns by 1965 forced Machii to disband the Tosei-kai and establish a new gang, the Template:Nihongo, or "East Asia Friendship Enterprise Association". He also formed a "legitimate" company called the Template:Nihongo, or East Asia Enterprises Company, and named power-broker Yoshio Kodama as chairman of the board.<ref name="Kaplan_229">Yakuza: Japan's criminal underworld, p.229, 2003, David E. Kaplan and Alec Dubro, Template:ISBN</ref> Afterwards, the Toa Yuai Jigyo Kumiai changed the name as Template:Nihongo and Toa-kai.
The founder Machii retired in the 1980s,<ref name="time"/> and died of heart failure on September 14, 2002, in Tokyo. Also known as a successful businessman, he was 79.<ref>"Mr. Hisayuki Machii passes away", 21 September 2002, 47 News, Kyodo Template:In lang</ref>
ConditionEdit
The Toa-kai is a member of a bakuto fraternal federation named the Kanto Hatsuka-kai, along with four other Kanto-based yakuza syndicates, the Sumiyoshi-kai, the Inagawa-kai, the Matsuba-kai, and the Soai-kai.<ref name="ino">"The Yamaguchi-gumi Bakuhu theory", Kenji Ino, 17 December 2007 Template:In lang</ref> The Toa-kai has aligned itself with the largest known Yamaguchi-gumi syndicate since the syndicate's Taoka era in the 20th century,<ref name="facta"/> and has been closely supported by Shinobu Tsukasa, the sixth-generation godfather of the Yamaguchi-gumi, since 2005 when the sixth era of the Yamaguchi-gumi officially started.<ref name="ino"/>
OkinawaEdit
The Toa-kai's notable branch organizations include the Template:Nihongo.<ref>"Boryokudan Expulsion Manual" Template:Webarchive, July 2011, Okinawa Prefectural Police Template:In lang</ref> Yoshimi-Kogyo was dissolved in 2012.
The origin of the Yoshimi-kogyo reportedly traces back to the late 20th century, when Toshio Gibo, an ethnic Okinawan mobster, formed an anti-left nationalist organization named the Makoto-kai in Okinawa under influence of Yoshio Kodama. Gibo met with Machii through Kodama, founding an affiliate of the Tosei-kai in Okinawa.<ref name="sano"/>
Okinawa's underworld has been known for its exclusiveness since the 20th century, where the dominating Kyokuryu-kai has persistently attacked and violently expelled any yakuza syndicate attempting to enter the island. The reason why the Toa-kai has been able to be active on the island may be because the group has historically been more oriented to legitimate businesses, and of its gentle stance, in contrast to other yakuza syndicates which have attempted to expand their influences into Okinawa with heavy violence, such as the Yamaguchi-gumi and especially the Dojin-kai. For example, in 2002 in Okinawa, only one Yoshimi member was arrested, while 56 Kyokuryu-kai members and 95 Okinawa Kyokuryu-kai members were arrested.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LeadershipEdit
- 1st President: Hisayuki Machii
- 2nd president: Fujimatsu Hirano
- 3rd president: Morihiro Okita
- 4th president: Shohei Futamura
- 5th president: Yoshio Kaneumi
- 6th president: Yasumi Hayano