Adtranz

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Adtranz was a multi-national rail transportation equipment manufacturer with facilities concentrated in Europe and the US. The company, legally known as ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation, was created in 1996 as a joint venture between ABB and Daimler-Benz to combine their rail equipment manufacturing operations. In 1999, DaimlerChrysler (successor to Daimler-Benz) bought ABB's shares and changed the company's official name to DaimlerChrysler Rail Systems. The company was acquired by Bombardier in 2001, which merged it into its Bombardier Transportation division, which became the largest rail equipment manufacturer in the world at the time, and was ultimately acquired by Alstom in 2021.

Adtranz manufactured locomotives, high-speed, regional, metro and underground passenger trains, trams and people movers as well as freight wagons. Non-rolling stock businesses included railway electrification and signalling infrastructure.

HistoryEdit

On 8 May 1995, ABB and Daimler-Benz proposed a merger of their rail industry-related activities into a single autonomous 50:50 joint venture; the combined group would be the largest rail-technology company in the world.<ref>Commission Decision of 18 October 1995. Case No. IV/M.580 – ABB/Daimler-Benz, pp. 1, 12 (section 44)</ref> In Germany the combined company, along with Siemens would have a duopoly or near-duopoly in the market areas of electric locomotives, mainline and regional electric and diesel multiple units, trams and metros, and catenary systems.<ref>Commission Decision of 18 October 1995. Case No. IV/M.580 – ABB/Daimler-Benz, pp. 13–16 (sections 50–64)</ref> In the EU, outside Germany, the merger would have meant no significant market share increase, including Scandinavia, where ABB had a dominant market share.<ref>Commission Decision of 18 October 1995. Case No. IV/M.580 – ABB/Daimler-Benz, p. 12 (section 46), p. 13 (section 49)</ref> The proposed merger was approved by government regulators on 18 October 1995, on the condition that both companies divest themselves of any shares in Kiepe, a traction components company.Template:Refn<ref name="kend">Commission Decision of 18 October 1995. Case No. IV/M.580 – ABB/Daimler-Benz, p. 1 (sections 2–3), pp. 38–39</ref> The merger came into force on 1 January 1996.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Green light for ABB/AEG merger Modern Railways issue 567 December 1995 page 767</ref><ref>Adtranz: A new worldwide contender for railway traction and rolling stock The Railway Magazine issue 1119 April 1996 page 10</ref>

The company's manufacturing facilities and product lines were rationalised, including a standard form of car body; after 18 months manufacturing costs had been reduced by 30%,<ref name="ech" /> revenues and orders also rose from 1996 to 1997.<ref name="d1997" /> However the company continued to lose money, $111 million in 1997.<ref name="ech" /> Polish manufacturer Pafawag was acquired in 1997 and the facility modernised,<ref name="d1997" /> controlling interests in MÁV Dunakeszi,<ref group="note">See also Bombardier MÁV Kft. (in Hungarian)</ref> Hungary and Schindler Waggon Switzerland were also acquired by the end of 1997.<ref name="d1997" />

File:Refurbished Endeavour Maitland.jpg

New South Wales Endeavour railcar manufactured by Adtranz

In March 1998 Adtranz presented a set of new product brands for modular product platforms, with designs that can be adapted for the specific requirements of different customers: the Innovia guided transport vehicle, the Incentro low floor tram, the Itino diesel multiple unit, the Crusaris medium-high speed train (based on the GMB Class 71 flytoget trains), and the Octeon electric locomotive.<ref group="note">Derived from the DBAG Class 145 locomotives. See also section: DBAG Class 145 family, Adtranz Octeon platform in Traxx</ref> A new diesel locomotive design with engine and electrical traction system provided by General Electric was introduced, named "Blue Tiger".<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Adtranz intended to consolidate its product range around these families once on-going deliveries are finished.<ref name="Octeon">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Adtranz continued to make an operating loss in 1998, attributed to earlier contracts with underestimated costs, as well as technical problems with products. The same year brought an order for 400 locomotives for Deutsche Bahn, as well as the acquisition of Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works.<ref name="d1998" />

ABB sold its 50% stake in Adtranz to DaimlerChrysler in January 1999 for $472 million,<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> taking up a previous agreement made on the formation of the joint venture whereby DaimlerChrysler was required to purchase ABB's stake.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>DaimlerBenz Annual Report 1996, p.60</ref>

Adtranz finally achieved profitability in 2000, as DaimlerChrysler prepared to sell off Adtranz.<ref name="c2000" /> The Greenbrier Companies acquired the freight wagon manufacturing business in January 2000.<ref>Template:Citation</ref><ref>Template:Citation</ref> The overhead electrification systems installations business was sold to Balfour Beatty in late 2000 for €153 million.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> No buyer was found for the railway signalling division.<ref name="ech" />

The remaining assets of Adtranz were sold to Bombardier, in a $711 million deal announced in August 2000, a price considered to be low by industry analysts.Template:Refn<ref name="sa1">Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>"Bombardier agrees to buy Adtranz" Railway Gazette International September 2000 page 601</ref> The sale was cleared by the European Union in April 2001 on the condition that Bombardier would license or sell the Adtranz regional train and tram products to Stadler Rail in the German market, due to the large market share of Bombardier and Adtranz in the country. The deal would make Stadler a viable independent company providing competition to Bombardier.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref> The takeover came into legal effect on 1 May 2001 with a final price of $725 million and ADtranz was folded into the Bombardier Transportation division.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Within months of the sale, Bombardier said that it was misled about the financial situation of Adtranz. Bombardier sued DaimlerChrysler for providing misleading financial information. The companies settled in September 2004 with DaimlerChrysler agreeing to refund $209 million, making the final sale price for Adtranz just $516 million.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

BrandEdit

File:SEPTA-MFL-TrainPlaque2007.jpg

Nameplate of a SEPTA car showing the Adtranz company logo in the center

The brand Adtranz was created by Landor Associates as part of the corporate identity of ABB Daimler Benz Transportation.<ref name="bran1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="landor" /> It is an acronym derived from selected letters of the complete name of the first company using it: ABB Daimler-Benz Transportation, with a z in place of an s at the end for the name to imply a complete product platform from A to Z.<ref name="landor">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was capitalised by the companies with a capital D as ADtranz, following the standard English text formatting and capitalisation rules it is spelled with a small d as Adtranz. Above the text ADtranz, the company logo included a green dot, symbolising a signal set on green, as well as the environmental friendliness of railways.<ref name="landor" /> The company also registered the slogan ADtranz – we speak railways.<ref name="bran2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Rights on the brand and slogan were deleted in 2008 and 2007 respectively.<ref name="bran1" /><ref name="bran2" />

ProductsEdit

File:20080513-IC50-Thessaloniki-220019.jpg

Adtranz DE2000 locomotive for Hellenic Railways Organization

Locomotives

E464 electric locomotive
Norges Statsbaner El 18 locomotive
Indian Railways WAP-5 (with Chittaranjan Locomotive Works)
DE2000 for Hellenic Railways Organisation, designated as OSE Class 220 (formerly designated as OSE A 471-496)
DB Class 101

Subway rail vehicles

M4 subway/elevated cars for SEPTA Market–Frankford Line, in Philadelphia
Propulsion Systems for the New York City Subway R110A subway cars
Propulsion Systems for the New York City Subway R142A subway cars (until 2001)
Washington Metro 5000-series cars (with CAF)
Hong Kong MTR Lantau Airport Railway Train (with CAF)
DBAG Class 481 for Berlin S-Bahn
Metro Bilbao 550 series EMUs (with CAF)
Madrid Metro 2000B series metro cars (with CAF)
Madrid Metro 6000 series metro cars (with CAF, Alstom and Siemens)
Athens Metro Line 1 11th-generation metro cars (with Siemens and Hellenic Shipyards)
Stockholm Metro C20
Shanghai Metro AC01 and AC02 (with Siemens)
Guangzhou Metro A1 metro cars (with Siemens)

High speed trains

German ICE 2 high speed train
Swedish X 2000 high-speed train
Vy BM73 and Flytoget BM71 high-speed EMUs

Passenger trains

Swedish Regina intercity electric multiple units
Adtranz-CAF Series 6000 trains (include MTR Adtranz-CAF EMU)
IC3 Flexliner
RegioSwinger tilting train
NSW TrainLink Endeavour and Xplorer railcars in Australia
Electrostar and Turbostars in the United Kingdom
Queensland Rail Suburban Multiple Units and Interurban Multiple Units, Australia.
CPTM 2000 series EMUs (with CAF and Alstom)
Renfe Class 447 commuter EMUs (with CAF, Alstom and Siemens)

Trams

Eurotram
Flexity Outlook tram
Variotram
Incentro tram
ADtranz low floor trams; GT6N for Berlin, Augsburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Bremen, Nurnberg, Munich, Braunschweig, Takaoka, Okayama and Toyama