Polymer banknote

File:Australian banknotes in wallet.jpg

Banknotes of the Australian dollar in a wallet. In 1988, Australia was the first country to introduce polymer banknotes for circulation.

Polymer banknotes are banknotes made from a synthetic polymer such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Such notes incorporate many security features not available in paper banknotes, including the use of metameric inks.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Polymer banknotes last significantly longer than paper notes, causing a decrease in environmental impact and a reduced cost of production and replacement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Modern polymer banknotes were developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and The University of Melbourne. They were first issued as currency in Australia during 1988 (coinciding with Australia's bicentennial year); by 1996, the Australian dollar was switched completely to polymer banknotes. Romania was the first country in Europe to issue a plastic note in 1999 and became the third country after Australia and New Zealand to fully convert to polymer by 2003.

Other currencies that have been switched completely to polymer banknotes include: the Vietnamese đồng (2006) although this is only applied to banknotes with denominations above 5,000 đồng, the Brunei dollar (2006), the Nigerian Naira (2007), the Papua New Guinean kina (2008), the Canadian dollar (2013), the Maldivian rufiyaa (2017), the Mauritanian ouguiya (2017), the Nicaraguan córdoba (2017), the Vanuatu vatu (2017), the Eastern Caribbean dollar (2019), the Pound Sterling (2021) and the Barbadian dollar (2022). Several countries and regions have introduced polymer banknotes into commemorative or general circulation, including: Nigeria, Cape Verde, Chile, The Gambia, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam, Mexico, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Botswana, São Tomé and Príncipe, North Macedonia, Russia, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Morocco, Albania, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Israel, China, Kuwait, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, Isle of Man, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, Libya, Mauritius, Costa Rica, Honduras, Angola, Namibia, Lebanon, the Philippines, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Samoa, Thailand and Bermuda.

History

In the 1980s, Canadian engineering company AGRA Vadeko and US chemical company US Mobil Chemical Company developed a polymer substrate trademarked as DuraNote. It had been tested by the Bank of Canada in the 1980s and 1990s; test C$ 20 and C$ 50 banknotes were auctioned in October 2012.<ref name="orzano">Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> It was also tested by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the United States Department of the Treasury in 1997 and 1998, when 40,000 test banknotes were printed and evaluated; and was evaluated by the central banks of 28 countries.<ref name="orzano" />

Security features

Polymer banknotes usually have three levels of security devices. Primary security devices are easily recognisable by consumers and may include intaglio, metal strips, and the clear areas of the banknote. Secondary security devices are detectable by a machine. Tertiary security devices may only be detectable by the issuing authority when a banknote is returned.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Adoption

Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation or CSIRO and first issued as currency in Australia during 1988, to coincide with Australia's bicentennial year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In August 2012, Nigeria's Central Bank attempted the switch back from polymer to paper banknotes,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> saying there were "significant difficulties associated with the processing and destruction of the polymer banknotes" which had "constrained the realisation of the benefits expected from polymer banknotes over paper notes".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, President Goodluck Jonathan halted the process in September 2012.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The polymer notes in the Republic of Mauritius are available in values of Template:Currency, Template:Currency, Template:Currency and Template:Currency, Recently in December 2024, the Bank of Mauritius has announced that there will be issues of Rs 100, Rs 200, and Rs 1000 banknotes. The Fiji Template:Currency was issued<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> in April 2013.

In the United Kingdom, the first polymer banknotes were issued by the Northern Bank in Northern Ireland in 2000; these were a special commemorative issue bearing an image of the Space Shuttle.<ref group="Note" name="northern-bank">Although the £5 Northern Bank polymer banknote was a one-off commemorative issued, unconventionally, in portrait orientation to mark the year 2000, it was in general circulation, with normal serial numbers (the commemorative version has serial numbers beginning with "Y2K", normal versions with "MM").Template:Citation needed It is the only Northern Bank note in circulation which was not affected by the recall of all the bank's notes as a result of the 26.5 million pound raid on its Belfast headquarters on 20 December 2004.Template:Citation needed</ref> In March 2015, the Clydesdale Bank in Scotland began to issue polymer Sterling £5 notes marking the 125th anniversary of the building of the Forth Bridge.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> These were the first polymer notes to enter general circulation in the UK.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Royal Bank of Scotland followed in 2016 with a new issue of plastic £5 notes illustrated with a picture of author Nan Shepherd.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In September 2016, the Bank of England began to issue £5 polymer notes with a picture of Winston Churchill; and in 2017 a polymer £10 began replacing its paper equivalent, featuring a picture of the author Jane Austen. A polymer £20 was issued in 2020 with a picture of J.M.W. Turner, and the £50 note was released in 2021, featuring Alan Turing. Although the polymer Bank of England notes are 15% smaller than the older, paper issue, they bear a similar design.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Some businesses operating in the UK cash industry have opposed the switch to polymer, citing a lack of research into the cost impact of its introduction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December 2022, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the Bank of England unveiled the design of a new series of banknotes featuring King Charles III. The rest of the design, however, is unchanged, with the exception of a slight alteration in colour.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the Philippines, it was proposed in 2009 to shift to the usage of polymer for Philippine peso banknotes. This did not push through due to concern the shift would have over the impact to country's abaca industry. The proposal was revived in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic since the polymer banknotes can be sanitized with less damage compared to paper banknotes, as well as other reasons such as durability, lesser average issue cost, and lesser susceptibility to counterfeiting. In April 2022, The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas officially released the 1000 peso bill polymer bank note into circulation.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In December 2024, the BSP (Central Bank of the Philippines) has announced that they will be issuing polymer notes in the denominations of 500, 100, and 50 pesos in the first quarter of 2025.

Despite having the updated logo and the updated signature of the current president, there are no plans for a 20 peso polymer note due to it being slowly shifted into becoming a coin. There are also no plans for a 200 peso polymer banknote due to low demand.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Timeline of adoptions and withdrawals of polymer banknotes

Country	Date of first introduction	Notes
N/A	early 1980s	An alternative polymer of polyethylene fibres marketed as Tyvek by DuPont was developed for use as currency by the American Bank Note Company in the early 1980s.
Template:Fb	1982	Haiti released Tyvek-made Gourde banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 50, 100, 250 & 500. The same denominations and a 5 Gourdes banknote were also released on paper.<ref>The Tyvek banknotes of Haiti Template:Webarchive Dennis Hengeveld, Coin Update, 10 April 2017</ref>
Template:Flag	1983	Costa Rica issued a 20 Colones Tyvek banknote.
Template:Flag	1983	The Isle of Man issued a 1 Pound banknote, this time called Bradvek and printed by Bradbury Wilkinson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
N/A	Late 1980s	Tyvek did not perform well in trials; smudging of ink and fragility were reported as problems, so production of Tyvek banknotes was discontinued.<ref>Polymer Bank Note Australian Invention – 1988 Template:Webarchive HolidayHunter.com.au</ref>
Template:Flag	1988	Australia introduced the ten-dollar note to celebrate its bicentennial. This was the world's first true polymer banknote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was only printed during that year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	1990	Singapore issued a Template:Currency in polymer substrate to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of Independence.
Template:Flag	1991	Papua New Guinea issued its first 2 Kinas banknote in polymer substrate to commemorate the 9th South Pacific Games held in the country.<ref>Currency – General Information – Development regarding issue of Commemorative NOTES/COINS to date Template:Webarchive Bank of Papua New Guinea</ref>
Template:Flag	1992	Australia begins its transition away from paper money to polymer banknotes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="australia_geographic_face_off">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1993	Indonesia issued a Template:Currency commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 25 Years of Development by President Soeharto which is the first polymer banknote issued by Bank Indonesia.But polymer banknotes are never issued again in the later series.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1996	Brunei introduced its first polymer banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10 dollars.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	4 February 1998	Sri Lanka issued a Template:Currency commemorative banknote in conjunction with the 50th Anniversary of Independence which is so far the only polymer banknote issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1996	Australia converted all of its denominations into polymer banknotes,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="australia_geographic_face_off" /> becoming the first country in the world to do so.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	18 August 1997	Thailand issued its first polymer banknote, a 50 Baht denomination. On 1 October 2004 it was replaced by a redesigned version printed on paper.<ref>History and Series of Banknotes – Series 15 Template:Webarchive Bank of Thailand</ref>
Template:Flag	1998	Malaysia issued a Template:Currency commemorative banknote in conjunction with the XVI Commonwealth Games, the first polymer banknote ever issued by Bank Negara Malaysia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	May 1999	New Zealand converted all of its banknotes into polymer banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	June 1999	Taiwan issued its first polymer banknote (NT$50) to commemorate 50 years of the New Taiwan dollar's issuance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	August 1999	In celebration of the total solar eclipse of August 11, 1999, the National Bank of Romania (BNR) decided to issue a commemorative two thousand Romanian lei banknote. Since it was the last eclipse of the millennium, the denomination was chosen to be 2000 in respect to the upcoming year. These notes were issued as legal tender.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 November 1999	Bank Indonesia introduced a Template:Currency polymer banknote in circulation, the first banknote of such value to be issued.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	April 2000	Brazil introduced a R$10 polymer banknote as a special edition issue commemorating the country's 500th anniversary.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	January 2001	Bangladesh introduced the 10 taka polymer banknote, originally they were due to be issued on Victory Day, a day big for Bangladeshis, but were delayed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	February 2002	The Kingdom of Nepal introduced a commemorative 10 rupees polymer banknote, on the occasion of King Gyanendra's accession to the Nepalese throne after the Nepalese royal massacre. It was rendered obsolete when the Kingdom fell and was replaced by 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	September 2002	Mexico switched the 20 peso denomination from paper to polymer banknotes.<ref name="Pagina404">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020.<ref name="stevenbron.nl">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2003	Romania converted all of its denominations of the leu to polymer,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> becoming the first European country to do so.
Template:Flag	2003	The Bank of Zambia introduces two polymer banknotes in denominations of K500 and K1,000.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	December 2003	Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in denominations of 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 đồng for general circulation.<ref name="McGuire">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	October 2004	Bank Negara Malaysia introduces a 5 ringgit polymer banknote into circulation, with the same design as the paper version. This was the first non-commemorative polymer banknote to be issued. Both polymer and paper versions were in circulation concurrently.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	November 2004	Bank Indonesia switched its Rp100,000 polymer banknote into a paper banknote with a different design than the polymer version.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	July 2005	Romania redenominated the leu, removing four zeroes and issuing a series of new denominations in polymer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2006	Two more new polymer notes issued in 2006, for 20-pesos (new design) and the 50-pesos<ref name="Pagina404"/> and they issued a 100 peso with vertical design polymer banknote in 2020.<ref name="stevenbron.nl"/>
Template:Flag	2006	Brunei had adopted polymer banknotes for all of its banknote denominations.
Template:Flag	2006	The Australian Government agency CSIRO issued a non-legal tender polymer note to celebrate the 80th year of the formation of CSIRO. These notes were issued and distributed to staff members and at selected public events.<ref> {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	August 2006	Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 đồng for general circulation.<ref name="McGuire"/>
Template:Flag	1 December 2006	The National Bank of Romania issued a new denomination, 200 lei.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2007	The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued polymer banknotes for the first time. The banknotes are in HK$ 10.<ref name="HKD 10 polymer banknotes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	February 2007	As part of the Nigerian economic reforms, the 20 naira note was issued for the first time in polymer substrate.<ref name="cbn.gov.ng">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	August 2007	Guatemala introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 1 quetzal and 5 quetzales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2008	An announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Córdoba banknote would be in circulation.<ref name="Franklin G">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="cordoba confirmed">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	13 April 2008	Israel started to issue 20 ILS banknotes, due to the high deterioration of 20 ILS paper banknotes. The Israeli polymer notes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.<ref name="New NIS 20 banknotes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 December 2008	The National Bank of Romania issued a revised 10 lei banknote.
Template:Flag	2009	On 15 May, Nicaragua released new polymer ten and twenty Nicaragua córdoba banknotes to replace their paper counterparts.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> After an announcement from the Central Bank of Nicaragua in 2008 stated that a new 200 Córdoba banknote would be in circulation, it took the country an additional year to prepare its new set of banknotes. A new polymer two hundred and a hundred córdoba banknote was first issued on the first of June 2009. In December 2009, a new 50 banknote was released, later followed by a new 500 banknote that was issued on 12 January 2010.<ref name="Franklin G"/><ref name="cordoba confirmed"/>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	The Central Bank of Paraguay introduces polymer ₲2,000 banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	September 2009	The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will introduce 1 billion 10-rupee notes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	September 2009	The Central Bank of Chile introduced a new series of the Chilean peso, starting with the redesigned 5000 Pesos banknote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	30 September 2009	Three Nigerian bank notes (₦50, ₦10 and ₦5) were converted to polymer substrate following the successful performance of the 20 naira (polymer) banknote.<ref name="cbn.gov.ng"/>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	The Central Bank of Honduras introduces a polymer L20 banknote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	12 January 2010	Nicaragua released a new 500 banknote.<ref name="Franklin G"/><ref name="cordoba confirmed"/>
Template:Flag	June 2010	The Central Bank of the Dominican Republic announced the introduction of a new polymer based 20 pesos note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	October 2010	The Central Bank of Chile announced the redesigned 2000 Pesos that went into circulation on 20 November, as a program to change the old designs and make them more secure.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	November 2011	The Bank of Canada introduced the Frontier Series $100 polymer banknote to modernise its currency and reduce counterfeiting.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> $50 banknotes were put into circulation in March 2012; the $20 note was put into circulation on 7 November 2012<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> with the $10 and $5 denominations released on 7 November 2013.<ref name="CBC New bills">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	November 2011	Guatemala introduced new polymer banknote in denomination of 5 quetzales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	16 July 2012	Bank Negara Malaysia put new RM1 and RM5 polymer banknotes into circulation as part of a new banknote series.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2013	The Bank of England announced that it would adopt polymer notes.<ref name=ranks>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	Fiji's first polymer banknote, a $5 banknote, enters circulation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	April 2013	The Reserve Bank of India introduced plastic/polymer currency note of Template:INR 10 on a field trial basis in five cities in India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	22 August 2013	The Bank of Mauritius issued new 25-, 50-, and 500-rupee polymer banknotes which will circulate in parallel with the existing paper notes of the same denominations. The new polymer notes have almost the same design as the preceding paper banknotes, but contain numerous new security features such as transparent windows showing the image of the dodo, numbers printed with magnetic ink which become fluorescent under ultra violet light, and swing features printed in iridescent ink, which change to a different colour when observed in transparency or when tilted. The 25-, and 50-rupee notes are printed by Oberthur Technologies on Innovia Security's Guardian substrate and the 500-rupee note is printed by De La Rue on its Safeguard (formerly Flexycoin) substrate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	22 November 2013	The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the country's 70th anniversary of independence.<ref>Lebanon new 50,000-livre commemorative note confirmed Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 24 November 2013. Retrieved on 2013-11-25.</ref>
Template:Flag	2014	The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Banque du Liban.<ref>De La Rue's announcement on the issuance of the 50,000 livre commemorative polymer note Template:Webarchive De La Rue (www.delarue.com). Retrieved on 2014-04-09.</ref>
Template:Flag	2014	The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu introduced polymer banknotes in denominations of 200, 1,000, and 2,000 vatu. Regular 10,000-vatu banknotes were also introduced that year to replace the commemorative versions, which were originally issued in 2010.<ref>Polymer notes launched include new Vt2000 Template:Webarchive Daily Post (www.dailypost.vu). 10 June 2014. Retrieved on 2014-06-12.</ref>
Template:Flag	5 August 2014	The National Bank of Poland issued 50,000 20zł. polymer banknotes to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the formation of the Polish Legions.<ref>The Centenary of the Formation of the Polish Legions Template:Webarchive National Bank of Poland (www.nbp.pl). Retrieved on 2014-07-26.</ref>
Template:Sort	20 July 2014	The Central Bank of the Gambia issued a 20 Dalasis banknote printed on De La Rue's Safeguard polymer substrate. It commemorates "20 Years of Progress and Self-Reliance", coinciding with President Yahya Jammeh's 20 years in office as president.<ref>Central Bank of The Gambia launches new commemorative 20 Dalasi banknote on De La Rue's Safeguard® polymer Template:Webarchive De La Rue (www.delarue.com). Retrieved on 2014-11-19.</ref><ref>Gambia unveils new note family including 20- and 200-dalasi denominations Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 26 February 2015. Retrieved on 2015-02-28.</ref>
Template:Fb	28 November 2014	The Central Bank of Mauritania issued a 1,000 Ouguiya banknote on Innovia Security's Guardian substrate.<ref>Mauritania launches 1000 Ouguiya note on Guardian® Template:Webarchive Innovia Security (www.innoviasecurity.com). Retrieved on 2014-12-06.</ref>
Template:Flag	15 December 2014	The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a TT$50 note printed on polymer to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the Central Bank of Trinidad & Tobago.<ref>Trinidad & Tobago new 50-dollar polymer note reported Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 15 December 2014. Retrieved on 2014-12-16.</ref>
Template:Flag	23 December 2014	The Banco de Cabo Verde issued a new family of escudo banknotes that honour Cape Verdean figures in the fields of literature, music, and politics. One note in the new series is the 200 escudos banknote, now printed on polymer.<ref>Cape Verde new 200-, 1,000- and 2,000-escudo notes confirmed Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 10 January 2015. Retrieved on 2015-02-28.</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Reserve Bank of New Zealand introduced a new family of notes with improved security features, with the 5 and 10 in October 2015, and the 20, 50 and 100 dollar banknotes in April 2016.<ref>Brighter Money / Banknote upgrade project Template:Webarchive Reserve Bank of New Zealand (www.rbnz.govt.nz). Retrieved on 2014-11-20.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	Clydesdale Bank issued two million £5 notes, printed in polymer. It features a portrait of Sir William Arrol and an image of the Forth Bridge.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Reserve Bank of India announced plans to introduce polymer banknotes on a pilot basis and improve security features to defeat the efforts of counterfeiters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Banque du Liban issued a £L50,000 banknote in polymer to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of the Lebanese Army.<ref>Lebanon new 50,000-livre polymer commemorative note reported for July 2015 Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 21 May 2015. Retrieved on 2015-05-23.</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Bank of Papua New Guinea issued 10 and 20 kina notes in polymer, one to commemorate the XV Pacific Games and the other to commemorate the 40th Anniversary of Papua New Guinean independence.<ref>Papua New Guinea new 10- and 20-kina polymer commemorative notes reported issued 21.05.2015 Template:Webarchive BanknoteNews.com. 22 May 2015. Retrieved on 2015-05-23.</ref><ref>Notice of Issuance of Commemorative currencies 2015Template:Dead link Bank of Papua New Guinea (www.bankpng.gov.pg). Retrieved on 2015-05-23.</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Maldives Authority Monetary introduced a new family of banknotes printed on De La Rue's "Safeguard" polymer substrate. A commemorative 5,000 Rufiyaa banknote was issued in July 2015, and followed by the 5-,10-, 20-, 50-, 100-, 500 and a new denomination of 1,000 Rufiyaa in October 2015.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Monetary Authority of Singapore issued a set of polymer banknotes to commemorate the nation's 50th Anniversary of independence. It consists of five S$10 notes and a commemorative S$50 note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2015	The Banco Central de Nicaragua issued a new family of notes on 26 October 2015. They are printed in polymer, except for the 500 cordobas banknote, which is printed on cotton paper substrate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	9 September 2015	The Bank of Canada (Banque du Canada) issued a C$ 20 polymer banknote to commemorate Queen Elizabeth II's milestone as the longest-reigning monarch in Canada's modern era. It is similar to the regular issue 20-dollar Frontier Series polymer note, but the notable features for the commemorative note are the metallic portrait of the queen, based on a photograph taken by renowned Canadian photographer Yousuf Karsh, the metallic symbol including the Queen's monogram surmounted by the St. Edward's crown, surrounded by a garland of maple leaves and the text "A HISTORIC REIGN • UN RÈGNE HISTORIQUE" repeated at the top, center and bottom of the large window.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2016	The Government of Gibraltar issued a £100 polymer banknote to commemorate Sir Joshua Hassan's 22 years as Chief Minister in the first half of 2016.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2016	The Royal Bank of Scotland issued £5 and £10 banknotes in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The notes were printed on De La Rue's Safeguard polymer substrate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 September 2016	The Reserve Bank of Australia issued a A$ 5 polymer note with improved security features and a tactile feature to assist those with visual impairments.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	13 September 2016	The Bank of England began issuing the new polymer £5 note, the first to be issued in England and Wales.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	17 March 2017	The Reserve Bank of India announced that it will do trials of polymer Template:Currency notes at five locations in India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	1 June 2017	The Bank of Canada (Banque du Canada) unveiled a C$ 10 polymer banknote to commemorate the 150th anniversary of confederation.<ref>Celebrating Canada's 150th 1867 – 2017 Template:Webarchive Bank of Canada (Banque du Canada) (www.bankofcanada.ca). Retrieved on 2017-04-15.</ref>
Template:Flag	28 July 2017	According to an article in the Vanuatu Daily Post, the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu issued a new version of the 5,000-vatu banknote, with the 500-vatu issued just a few months later to complete the new banknote series which were introduced back in 2014.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	September 2017	The Bank of England issued a new polymer £10 note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 January 2018	The National Bank of Romania issued all denominations with the new (revised) coat of arms of Romania. All the other features remained unchanged for all the denominations.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 January 2018	The Banco Central de Sao Tome and Principe issued polymer banknotes in denominations of 5 and 10 dobras.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	February 2018	The Bank of Botswana introduced a new 10-pula banknote printed on polymer to express the concern of the poor quality of the paper used in the printing of this denomination of banknote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	May 2018	The National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia issued 10- and 50-denari polymer banknotes as part of a new series.<ref>Macedonia introduces 1st polymer banknotes Template:Webarchive Xinhua. 23 April 2018. Retrieved on 2019-08-16.</ref>
Template:Flag	22 May 2018	The Central Bank of Russia issued a ₽100 banknote to commemorate the 2018 FIFA World Cup.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	September 2018	The Central Bank of Uruguay (BCU) printed a special and experimental edition of polymer banknotes with a value of 50 UYU to test reception and to celebrate the bank's 50th anniversary, that was in 2017, producing 10,000,000 units.<ref>https://m.subrayado.com.uy/presentaron-el-nuevo-billete-50-pesos-que-parece-plastico-o-nailon-n514059 Template:Webarchive. 18 September 2018. Retrieved on 10 February 2020.</ref>
Template:Flag	December 2018	The Bank of Mauritius has issued a 2,000-rupees banknote printed on polymer substrate and with revised security features, while at the same time all previous versions of the 2,000-rupees paper banknote ceased being legal tender by the end of January 2019.<ref>Bank of Mauritius launch a new 2000 rupee polymer banknote Template:Webarchive De La Rue (www.delarue.com). 6 December 2018. Retrieved on 2019-01-20.</ref>
Template:Flag	2019	The Central bank of Morocco introduced a 20 dirham polymer banknote to mark 20 years of enthronement of Mohammed VI.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2019	The Bank of Albania introduced a new 200 Lek polymer banknote on 30 September 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	17 February 2019	The Central Bank of Libya has issued a 1 Dinar banknote on 17 February 2019, in commemoration of the 8th Anniversary of the Libyan Revolution of 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Northern Ireland	27 February 2019	Bank of Ireland, Danske Bank and Ulster Bank, commercial banks in Northern Ireland, each issued a new series of pound banknotes on polymer substrate for general use in Northern Ireland on 27 February 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	2 May 2019	The Central Bank of Solomon Islands introduced a new design of the SI$5 banknote, which was issued in conjunction of World Tuna Day.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	June 2019	The Central Bank of Samoa announced the release of a new 10 Tala polymer banknote in June 2019, to commemorate the XVI Pacific Games 2019 which were held in Samoa from 7 July 2019. The 10 Tala banknote will be the second polymer banknote issued in Samoa and the first carbon offset banknote created from the polymer substrate. The new banknote is one of a kind for Samoa as it will have a horizontal front and a vertical back. The banknote will feature a see through window depicting the Pacific Games logo, and a tactile embossed feature to assist the visually impaired, both are unique features of polymer banknotes. The standard banknote prefix has been replaced with the special PG/XVI prefix denoting "XVI Pacific Game". Issuance of the new 10 Tala note will commence the last week of June 2019, and will co-circulate together with the existing 10 tala banknotes which will remain legal tender.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States	Mid-2019	The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank started issuing a new family of banknotes from the EC$5 to the EC$100, all printed on polymer, a plan which has been announced since 5 September 2018.
Template:Flag	9 December 2019	The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a TT$100 polymer banknote for circulation on 9 December 2019, while announcing that all versions of the paper TT$100 banknotes will be demonetized and withdrawn from circulation on 31 December 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	20 February 2020	The Bank of England issued a £20 polymer banknote. This the third banknote in the new series.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	25 March 2020	The Bank of Namibia issued a 30 dollar polymer banknote to commemorate 30 years of independence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	7 July 2020	National Bank of Angola issued 200, 500, 1000, 2000 Kwanzas banknotes on polymer substrate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	25 July 2020	The Banco Central de Costa Rica issued a new family of polymer banknote in denominations of 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000 and 20,000 colones.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	30 September 2020	The Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago issued a new polymer banknote family in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 dollars.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	4 October 2020	The Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority has announced the 5-riyal banknote will be switched to polymer, replacing the current paper banknote, without any announcement on the other banknotes. The banknote was said to feature more environmentally friendly materials and additional security features, in addition to a much longer lifespan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	October 2020	The Central Bank of Uruguay replaced the commemorative 50 UYU polymer note in 2020 with a standard bill using the same design as the previous cotton note, as well as printing a 20 UYU polymer note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	21 November 2020	The Banco de Mexico released a 100 peso polymer banknote as a part of the new Series G banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	5 December 2020	The Banque du Liban released a £L100,000 polymer banknote in circulation to commemorate the centenary of the establishment of Greater Lebanon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	8 January 2021	The Bank of Cape Verde introduced a new 200-escudo note like the preceding issue printed in polymer, but printed on cotton paper.<ref>Cape Verde new paper 200-escudo note (B222a) reportedly introduced on 08.01.2021 Template:Webarchive Banknotenews.com, 5 February 2021</ref>
Template:Flag	22 February 2021	The Bank of Botswana printed a new version of the polymer 10-pula banknote, but this time featuring president Mokgweetsi Masisi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	23 June 2021	The Bank of England issued a £50 polymer banknote, completing sterling's transition from paper to polymer notes. This the fourth and final Series G banknote to be issued.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	The Cook Islands introduces a polymer $3 banknote featuring an illustration of "Ina and the Shark".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	1 December 2021	The National bank of Romania introduced a new 20 lei banknote, depicting World War I hero Ecaterina Teodoroiu.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	7 December 2021	The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates introduced the country's first polymer banknote - a redesigned Dh50 note to commemorate the golden jubilee of the country on 2 December 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	The People's Bank of China releases a commemorative ¥20 banknote for the 2022 Winter Olympics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	21 March 2022	The Central Bank of Barbados announced its intent to replace the current paper banknotes with a newly designed polymer version by the end of the year.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> The new designs of the polymer banknotes were revealed on 4 May 2022 and the notes were rolled out 5 December 2022 as scheduled.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	24 March 2022	The Bank of Thailand started issuing ฿20 polymer banknotes bearing the image of Rama X. It is done to improve its quality as it is the most widely used banknote and hence it is prone to sustained damage.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	18 April 2022	The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas started issuing the 1000-piso polymer banknote, the country's first polymer banknote. These banknotes began the phased issuance to banks, with the release of a limited quantity.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	21 and 26 April 2022	The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates started issuing new, redesigned Dh5 and Dh10 polymer currency notes. The 10-dirham banknote entered circulation on Thursday 21 April and the 5-dirham banknote entered circulation on Tuesday 26 April.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref> Following that, it was announced that the Dh1000 note will also be replaced and circulation will start on the first half of 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	6 July 2022	The Central Bank of Egypt started issuing the new LE10 banknote which has been planned since the year 2020. The existing version of the LE10 banknote printed on paper will continue to circulate in parallel with the new polymer banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	9 November 2022	The Qatar Central Bank announced a new 22-riyal banknote in commemoration of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the first one ever held in the country and the Middle Eastern region as a whole.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	February 2023	According to a press release dated 2 February 2023, the Reserve Bank of Australia has decided to replace the portrait of the late Queen Elizabeth II on the A$5 banknote with a design celebrating the First Australians instead of a portrait of King Charles III.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	9 February 2023	The National Bank of Poland issued 100,000 20zł. banknotes to celebrate the 550th anniversary of the birth of scientist Nicolaus Copernicus.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	21 June 2023	Almost one year after the release of the new LE10 polymer banknote, the Central Bank of Egypt issued the new LE20 polymer banknotes. Just like the paper LE10 notes, the paper versions of the LE20 note will co-circulate with the new polymer version.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	18 July 2023	The Bank of Jamaica officially released a new banknote series that had been planned since the end of May 2022, and the new polymer series includes a $2000 note. This introduction of the new denomination is done in order to bridge the gap between the $1000 and $5000 denominations, reduce the number of notes needed for multi-thousand-dollar transactions, and eventually reduce costs for the central bank, due to a lower reliance on the $1000 note.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	27 October 2023	According to a press release, the Central Bank of Solomon Islands announced the release of a new SI$10 banknote to commemorate the 2023 Pacific Games held in Honiara, which was the first time the country hosted the Pacific Games, held from 19 November to 2 December 2023.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	30 November 2023	The Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates started issuing a new polymer version of the Dh500 banknote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	4 December 2023	The National Reserve Bank of Tonga released a new family of six banknotes (ranging from 2 to 100 paʻanga), with the 5- and 10- paʻanga being polymer. This new series was released on 4 December, the birthday of King Tupou I.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	December 2023	The Central Bank of Samoa started issuing new polymer versions of their 5-, 10-, and 20-tālā banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	5 June 2024	After the passing of Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September 2022, the Bank of England announced in November the same year that new banknotes featuring the portrait of King Charles III would be issued in mid-2024. Those notes were issued for circulation on 5 June 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	16 June 2024	The Bank of Mozambique announced that new 20-, 50-, and 100-metical banknotes would be issued in order to replace those which have been in circulation since 2011.
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States	June 2024	According to an announcement by the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank in February 2024, a new EC$50 banknote would be released to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Grenada's independence from the United Kingdom in June 2024.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	23 July 2024	The Bank of Thailand issued 10,000,000 commemorative ฿100 banknotes to celebrate the 72nd birthday of King Rama X.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	Fall 2024	Following the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the Bermuda Monetary Authority announced that new banknotes featuring the effigy of King Charles III would enter circulation. However, for the redesigned series, only 2- and 5-dollar notes would enter circulation in Fall 2024. The new notes would retain the familiar design of the circulating banknotes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flag	19 December 2024	The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas revealed the designs for the 50, 100 and 500 piso polymer Banknotes of the Philippine peso during a presentation to President Bongbong Marcos, who led the unveiling ceremony in Malacañang.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flag	Template:Dts	The government of the Falkland Islands is expected to release a new series of banknotes made from polymer, featuring Charles III.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See also

• Banknotes of the Australian dollar
• Banknotes of the Canadian dollar
• Banknotes of the New Zealand dollar
• CSIRO
• Hybrid Paper Polymer Banknote
• Polymers

External links

• PolymerNotes.org by Stane Štraus
• Currency Note Research and Development Project from the University of Melbourne
• Professor David Solomon – Inventor of Plastic Bank Note Wins 2006 Victoria Prize from the University of Melbourne
• Polymer banknotes from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
• Note Printing Australia
• innoviasecurity.com
• PolymerNotes.de (in German) by Thomas Krause
• New Kuwaiti Dinar notes released by Kuwait News Agency.
• Costs of introducing polymer notes in the UK by CMS Payments Intelligence.