1241

Template:Use mdy dates Template:About year Template:Year nav Template:C13 year in topic Year 1241 (MCCXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

File:Gregory IX.jpg

Pope Gregory IX

Events

• March 18 – Battle of Chmielnik (Mongol invasion of Poland): The Mongols overwhelm the feudal Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces, and plunder the abandoned city of Kraków.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 9 – Battle of Legnica: The Mongols, under the command of Baidar, Kadan and Orda Khan, defeat the feudal Polish nobility, including the Knights Templar.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 11 – Battle of Mohi: Batu Khan and Subutai defeat Béla IV of Hungary. The battle is the last major event in the Mongol Invasion of Europe.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 10 – Battle of Cameirge in Ulster: The Milesian Irish septs of the Ó Dónaills from Donegal, the Ó Néills from Armagh and the Ó Dochartaighs of Connacht defeat the last Tuatha Dé Danann sept, the Meic Lochlainn of Tír Eoghain and Inishowen under Domhnall mac Muirchertaigh Mac Lochlainn. From now on the Kings of Tír Eoghain will all be of the Ó Néill dynasty, Brian Ua Néill becoming sole ruler.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Early northern summer – A succession crisis or other priorities results in the Mongols withdrawing behind their river barrier into Ukraine and the Russias, leaving Central Asian and far Eastern Europe peoples tributary to the Khanates, but leaving Poland and Hungary to begin recovery and reorganization.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 29 – After Henry III of England's invasion of Wales, the Treaty of Gwerneigron is signed by him and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, curbing the latter's authority and denying him royal title.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic saga writer, is murdered by Gissur Þorvaldsson, an emissary of King Haakon IV of Norway.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":1">Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 25 – Pope Celestine IV succeeds Pope Gregory IX, as the 179th pope.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Emperor Lizong of Song China accepts the Neo-Confucian teachings of the late Zhu Xi, including his commentary on the Four Books. This will have an impact upon the philosophical schools of surrounding countries as well, including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Livonian Crusade: The Estonian rebellion of 1237 is suppressed on Saaremaa Island, by the Livonian Order.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The University of Valladolid is founded in Spain.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Births

• September 4 – King Alexander III of Scotland (d. 1286)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (d. 1290)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Sophia of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1286)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Deaths

• March 17 – Köten, Cuman chieftain<ref name="Vásáry2005">Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 28 – Valdemar II of Denmark (b. 1170)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 31 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 9 – Duke Henry II of Poland<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 11 (killed in the Battle of Mohi):
  • Andrew, son of Serafin, judge royal<ref name="marko">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Izsép Bő, Hungarian nobleman<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa (b. c. 1190)<ref name="b.szabo">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Gregory, Bishop of Győr<ref name="b.szabo"/>
  • Nicholas I Gutkeled, ban of Slavonia<ref name="marko"/>
  • James, Bishop of Nyitra<ref name="b.szabo"/>
  • Dominic I Rátót, master of the treasury<ref name="marko"/>
  • Matthias Rátót, archbishop of Esztergom (b. c. 1206)<ref name="b.szabo"/>
  • Raynald of Belleville, bishop of Transylvania<ref name="b.szabo"/>
  • Denis Tomaj, palatine of Hungary<ref name="marko"/>
• June 24 – Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 10 – Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany (b. c. 1184), princess long gently imprisoned in England<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 22 – Pope Gregory IX<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 20 – Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (b. 1178)<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
• September 26 – Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• November 10 – Pope Celestine IV<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 1 – Isabella of England, Holy Roman empress, spouse of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Bernardo di Quintavalle, Italian follower of St. Francis of Assisi<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Mary, Countess of Blois (b. 1200)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Nicholas Szák, Hungarian nobleman<ref name="marko"/>
• Buzád Hahót, Hungarian nobleman and Christian martyr<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Coloman of Galicia, Hungarian royalty, Prince (then King) of Halych, Duke of Slavonia (b. 1208)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Ögedei Khan, 2nd Khagan of the Mongol Empire and successor to Genghis Khan (b. c. 1185)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Baba Ishak, charismatic Turkman preacher (b. c. 1239)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>