1748 in Canada

Events from the year 1748 in Canada.

Incumbents

• French Monarch: Louis XV<ref>Guéganic (2008), p. 13.</ref>
• British and Irish Monarch: George II<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Governors

• Governor General of New France: Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière
• Colonial Governor of Louisiana: Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial
• Governor of Nova Scotia: Paul Mascarene
• Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Charles Watson

Events

• Louisbourg is returned to France by the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle.
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returns Ile Royale (Cape Breton Island) and Ile Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island) to French.
• Treaty of Logstown (English with Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot). English later base their claim to the whole Great Lakes and midwest (or Old Northwest as it was later called) on these two treaties.

Births

• June 14: Henry Allen, evangelist, hymnist, theologian (d.1784)

Full date unknown

• James Henry Craig, officer, colonial administrator (d.1812)

Deaths

• August 12: Jean Jeantot, Canadian Catholic brother and schoolmaster (born c. 1666)<ref name="dcb">Template:Cite DCB</ref>

Historical documents

Paul Mascarene's lengthy summary of Nova Scotia leaders' interactions with Acadians since 1710, especially around loyalty oaths<ref>"Extract from a Letter of Governor Paul Mascarene to Governor Shirley" (April 6, 1748), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 158-60. Accessed 10 November 2021</ref>

Mascarene sends Acadian deputies long letter warning them of dire consequences for support some Acadians give to rebels ("Banditti")<ref>"Govr. Mascarene to the Acadian Deputies" (August 30, 1748), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 162-4. Accessed 10 November 2021</ref>

Mascarene tells British secretary of state about Minas rebels influencing people, and "time and good care [needed] to wean them of that inclination"<ref>"Govr. Mascarene to Duke of Bedford" (excerpt; September 8, 1748), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 164. Accessed 10 November 2021</ref>

"Almost impossible to effect their Removal without Bloodshed" - Better to keep Acadians on lands they have title to and have improved<ref>Otis Little, "It therefore highly concerns this Kingdom" The State of Trade in the Northern Colonies Considered; With[...]a particular Description of Nova Scotia (1748, 1749), pg. 26. Accessed 5 November 2021</ref>

Description of Acadian settlement Minas includes salt marsh farming, dikes and room for fortress (Note: "savages" used)<ref>Otis Little, "Minas being the principal Place in the Province" The State of Trade in the Northern Colonies Considered; With[...]a particular Description of Nova Scotia (1748, 1749), pgs. 35-7. (Another description of marsh farming) Accessed 5 November 2021</ref>

Secretary of state says settling active-duty Highland soldiers in Nova Scotia better than sending them back to Scotland<ref>"Bedford to Cumberland" (October 11, 1748), Military Affairs in North America; 1748-1765 (1936), pgs. 6-7 (PDF pgs. 42-3). Accessed 10 November 2021</ref>

As French and British negotiators draft peace treaty, writer tells why "useless" Cape Breton Island should be returned to France<ref>Cape Breton inconsequential National Prejudice, Opposed to the National Interest, Candidly Considered in the Detention or Yielding up [of] Cape-Briton[....] (April 2, 1748), pgs. 21-7. Accessed 5 November 2021</ref>

British politics and ministers' self-interest will influence whether Cape Breton is be kept or lost<ref>"Suppose Cape Breton to be the Price" Observations on the Probable Issue of the Congress at Aix La Chapelle (April 29, 1748), pgs. 11-15. Accessed 8 November 2021</ref>

Treaty clause restoring Cape Breton to France means giving up its port and fort, rich timber stands and coal mining, and strategic location<ref>Reasons to keep Cape Breton Island A Letter from a Gentleman in London[...]Concerning the Treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), pgs. 15-16. (See treaty text and other arguments for retention) Accessed 5 November 2021</ref>

"I wish it may not prove too true" - Benjamin Franklin reports learning that 3,000 Canadians might march on Albany, New York<ref>Letter of Benjamin Franklin (January 30, 1748), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 10 November 2021</ref>

Huron mission at Detroit engages joiner to work in church, including altar rail, confessional and sacristy closet for altar-fronts<ref>"Continuation of the Book of Accounts, Commencing from Father de la Richardie's Return to the Mission," The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents; Vol. LXX. Accessed 10 November 2021 http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_70.html (scroll down to Page 49)</ref>

Comment on upper class social life in Canada ranges from Madame Lanodière's brightness to clergy's dismay at dances on feast days<ref>Élisabeth Rocbert de la Morandière, dite Madame Bégon, Letter excerpts (November 12 and December 9 and 11, 1748), Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 9 November 2021</ref>

Summary of conclusions made by examiners of Hudson's Bay Company policy includes its checks on settlement and increasing trade<ref>Josiah Tucker, "But the affair of a public company" An Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages [of] France and Great Britain with regard to Trade (1756), pgs. 88-92. Accessed 9 November 2021</ref>

Petitioning adventurers who sent 1746-7 expedition want permission to extend settlement and trade into continent near Hudson Bay<ref>"That the Petitioners" "To the[...]Privy Council" (August 10, 1748), and "To the[...]Commons of Great Britain in Parliament assembled," A Short Narrative and Justification[....], pgs. 18-19, 23-4, 27-30. (See a counter-argument) Accessed 8 November 2021</ref>

Employee says finally HBC will be supporting religious welfare and Christian treatment of "servants and natives"<ref>Joseph Robson, Religious welfare An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay[....] (1752), pgs. 55-6. Accessed 9 November 2021</ref>