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1812 in Canada

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Events from the year 1812 in Canada.

IncumbentsEdit

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Federal governmentEdit

GovernorsEdit

EventsEdit

  • June 18 – The U.S. declares war on Britain, beginning the War of 1812. There were about 4,000 British troops in Canada. George Prevost is Governor. Four Canadian battalions are assembled, and the Citadel at Quebec is guarded by the inhabitants.
  • July 11 – Americans under General William Hull invade Canada from Detroit.
  • August 16 – Isaac Brock with a force of 1,350, nearly half Aboriginals, takes Detroit. He paroles many of Hull's 2,000.
  • August 20 – Launch of John Molson's second steamboat, the Swiftsure, at Montreal.
  • August to October – The Red River Colony is begun in Canada's northwest on lands granted to Thomas Douglas by the Hudson's Bay Company.
  • October – Almost half of Vermont's Legislators regard war as needless and impolitic; but Vermont imposes a penalty of $1,000 for every unauthorized communication with Canadians.
  • October 13 – Stephen Van Rensselaer IV's command is repulsed, on Queenston Heights by Gen. Sheaffe and Governor Brock, who is killed. Of the 10,000 under Van Rensselaer, many were unwilling to invade, though willing to defend the United States.
  • Fighting on the same side as British militia and Mohawk Indians, a group of black soldiers helps force American invaders to retreat in the Battle of Queenston Heights.
  • October 25 – Battle at St. Regis.
  • November 20 – Henry Dearborn's command cross the Lacolle. Charles de Salaberry eludes them, and, in the haze, U.S. troops fire upon each other.
  • David Thompson retires to Montreal.
  • The Americans gain several victories, on the water, as Napoleon engages the British attention.
  • The United States calls out 175,000 men, Canada 2,000.
  • For all purposes Canada votes 87,000 pounds.
File:John Sandfield Macdonald.jpg
John Sandfield Macdonald

BirthsEdit

  • May 12 – John Simpson, merchant, miller, banker, and politician (d.1885)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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DeathsEdit

Historical documentsEdit

Excerpt (Feb. 25, 1812) from Congressman's speech says 5,000 regular troops are at Quebec City and 2–3,000 regulars in rest of Canadas<ref>"Plan for the Invasion of Canada," The Quebec Gazette, March 19, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 18 February 2025</ref>

Warnings of war between U.S.A. and U.K. come from U.S. sources<ref>"War Approaching!; War! War! Impending!" The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (July 2, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (lefthand page, 3rd and 4th columns). Accessed 6 February 2025</ref>

Fast facts on Canada in 1812: population tripled to 200,000 in 40 years, and "domesticated Indians" are much fewer (down from 16,000 to 2,000)<ref>Salem Register, "Deferred Articles; Canada" Pennsylvania Republican (August 4, 1812). Accessed 27 June 2020</ref>

County convention in Massachusetts warns of breakup of United States if commerce is not protected and encouraged as Constitution requires<ref>"In the uninterrupted progress of such events[....]" (August 13, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (October 1, 1812) pg. 2 of 3 (lefthand page, 4th column). Accessed 6 February 2025</ref>

Report that white Virginians fear uprising of enslaved Blacks and that Blacks say, "White man go to Canada, then Black man be free"<ref>"Boston, July 21" The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (September 24, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 1st columns). Accessed 6 February 2025</ref>

War of 1812Edit

"Friend Jonathan, to his arm'd bands, / Our forests promises and lands; / They may invade them for a day, / But can they with them run away?"<ref>"On the threatened invasion of Canada" (January 13, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, January 13, 1812 pg. 15, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 12 February 2025</ref>

Boston mercantile house says British military force coming to Halifax, pre-war U.S. embargo is expected, and they are "at a loss how to act"<ref>"Montreal, April, 6," The Quebec Gazette, April 9, 1812 pg. 2 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 19 February 2025</ref>

U.S. embargo has increased recruiting because it "has thrown all the lower classes entirely out of employment and[...]into the army"<ref>"The Recruiting Service," The Quebec Gazette, May 7, 1812 pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also price rises for U.S. wheat etc. ("Extract of a letter from a respectable house in Liverpool" in 2nd column). Accessed 20 February 2025</ref>

Congress approves President James Madison's request for declaration of war on United Kingdom "and the subjects thereof."<ref>"An Act; Declaring War[....]" ("Approved, June 18, 1812"), The Quebec Mercury, June 30, 1812 pg. 205 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

New York newspaper: "We cannot help expressing our regret that such madness[...]should have seized a majority of our Representatives at Washington"<ref>"WAR; From the New York Evening Post of June 20," The Quebec Gazette, July 2, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

The Quebec Gazette: "The United States have grown vain with the memory of their revolution [and will suffer for their] overweening presumption"<ref>"Quebec; Thursday, July 2, 1812," The Quebec Gazette, July 2, 1812 pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also longer Gazette editorial in July 4 extra. Accessed 19 February 2025</ref>

Thomas Jefferson: "The acquisition of Canada this year, as far as the neighborhood of Quebec [City], will be a mere matter of marching"<ref>Letter of Thomas Jefferson (August 4, 1812), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 14 February 2025</ref>

Salem, Mass. report says deputation of Indigenous people at St. Andrews has agreed to remain neutral and "exhort all the tribes" to do same<ref>"American Papers; Indian Neutrality" (July 21, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, August 13, 1812 pg. 2 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

Halt to fighting arranged by Gov. Gen. Prevost and U.S. Maj. Gen. Dearborn is vetoed by President Madison; Prevost suspects U.S. has undeclared war aims<ref>"American Intelligence; General Order" (August 13, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (November 12, 1812) pg. 1 of 2 (lefthand page). See also comment (pg. 2, 3rd column) that "we must make up our minds to the bloody drama which the Americans call upon us to act." Accessed 7 February 2025</ref>

"I do not see how we can retain the Country" - Loss of two Lake Erie warships worries Isaac Brock about U.S. gaining naval superiority<ref>"Major General Sir Isaac Brock to Governor General Sir George Prevost" (October 11, 1812), quoted in Chapter Three The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History, pg. 332. Accessed 28 February 2025</ref>

Indigenous people meeting in Onondaga County, N.Y. are reported to have agreed "to furnish[...]2000 warriors [led by] the famous Red Jacket"<ref>"American Intelligence; New-York, Oct. 14; The Indian tribes in this vicinity[....]," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (November 12, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 1st column). Accessed 7 February 2025</ref>

Excerpt (undated) from long argument against war with Britain, calling "the warfare complicated, perplexing, slow and expensive"<ref>"From the New York Herald; An Address to the people of the Eastern States," The Quebec Mercury, December 29, 1812 pgs. 411–12, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Gov. Gen. Prevost notes "the complete discomfiture of the plans of the enemy" at Michilimackinac, Detroit and Queenston<ref>"Tuesday, 29th December, 1812; Gentlemen of the Legislative Council[....]," Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 14, 16 See also description (pg. 271) of action at Michilimakinac and at Detroit (pg. 277), and at Queenston (pgs. 339 + 342). Accessed 12 February 2025</ref>

In call to arms, U.S. commander admits "the nation has been unfortunate in the selection of some of those who have directed" invasions of Canada<ref>"Smyth's Proclamations; To the men of the State of New-York" (November 10, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, December 17, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also word of this commander's defeat (pg. 3, 1st column). Accessed 25 February 2025</ref>

"Reality is threatened with a total change. We are menaced to be cast into the abyss of American democracy!" and its "angry passions"<ref>"To the Inhabitants of Canada; Countrymen[....]," The Quebec Gazette, October 29, 1812 pg. 2 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 24 February 2025</ref>

Lower CanadaEdit

Nightly spring frosts have ended and farmers have begun to sow wheat "on the driest and most elevated situations" to beat early September frost<ref>"Quebec; Thursday, May 14, 1812; The Season," The Quebec Gazette, May 14, 1812 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 20 February 2025</ref>

"The fields[...]are now covered with snow, not five months since that of last winter disappeared!" leaving only half of wheat harvested<ref>"Quebec; Thursday, October 15, 1812; The Season," The Quebec Gazette, October 15, 1812 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 24 February 2025</ref>

In "no country [have commerce and war] operated as powerfully in raising colonies to wealth and importance as in the Canadas"<ref>"From the National Intelligencer; The Canadas - No. I," The Quebec Mercury, December 22, 1812 pg. 402, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Editorial: "When a neighbouring power arms, it becomes all who are in danger to be equally on their guard"<ref>"Quebec, March 23, 1812," The Quebec Mercury, March 23, 1812 pg. 94 (middle column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

Canadian Voltigeurs regiment has during two days been swamped by well over 150 "young Canadians" in Montreal wishing to enlist; more elsewhere<ref> "The Canadian Voltigeurs" (May 9, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, May 14, 1812 pg. 2 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also "Montreal, May 23" (pg. 2, 2nd column) that chanting and singing Voltigeurs are off to Chambly garrison. Accessed 20 February 2025</ref>

Glengary Light Infantry has 400 men after recruiting at Trois-Rivières for two months; they are promised land grants after war<ref>"Recruiting," The Quebec Gazette, May 28, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also "Glengary Sharp Shooters" ad on pg. 3. Accessed 20 February 2025</ref>

Unmarried Quebec City militiamen, age 18–30, are to go to Pointe-aux-Trembles; some "murmurs" against burden falling on "one class of the society"<ref>"Quebec; Thursday, June 4, 1812; The unmarried men[....]," The Quebec Gazette, June 4, 1812 pg. 2 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

"The number of marriages in this Parish is extraordinary since there has been rumours of a new draft," as young men seek draft exemption<ref>"St. Charles, 19th Sept. 1812," The Quebec Gazette, September 24, 1812 pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 24 February 2025</ref>

"Those who fear the evils of war do not deserve the blessings of peace. [...] For submission never" ended injustice, under which there is no peace<ref>"The Militia-Man," The Quebec Gazette, October 8, 1812 pg. 2 (3rd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 24 February 2025</ref>

Commissary General seeks supply of 5,000 lbs. of fresh beef daily, including 3,000 lbs. to Quebec City and 1,000 lbs. to Montreal garrison<ref>"Government Contract" (June 15, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, June 23, 1812 pg. [193], Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

"Army Bills [totalling £250,000 have been] issued as a circulating medium to supply the present deficiency of Cash"<ref>"Saturday, 18th July, 1812; (Private and Confidential.)" (July 17, 1812), Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 28, 30 See also details (pg. 3, 1st column) of Army Bills. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

Governor General's proclamation orders "all persons who are Subjects of the United States of America to depart from this Province"<ref>"The Quebec Gazette; By His Excellency[....]" (June 30, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, July 2, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

Commissary General calls for suppliers of warm clothing for U.S. prisoners of war; "Also, 2000 pounds of SOAP"<ref>"Commissary General's Office[....]" (September 28, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, September 29, 1812 pg. 311 (centre column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also (at top of same column) that reports say U.S. troops are poorly clothed, but "should they be inclined to cross the line, it will be but neighbourly to give them a warm reception" Accessed 14 February 2025</ref>

Replying to letter on road improvement needed, editorial says Lower Canadians are happier "eating soup, talking French, keeping Mardi gras[...]&c"<ref>"The Quebec Gazette; [We have published[....]," The Quebec Gazette, February 13, 1812 pg. 2 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Council asks Regent's "attention" to educational needs of L.C., where there is "the want of Public Institutions for the Instruction of our Youth<ref>"Friday, 15th May, 1812; To His Royal Highness[....]" (May 13, 1812), Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 594, 596 Accessed 10 February 2025</ref>

Academy will teach standard subjects plus "Orthography [and] Orthoepy," and French-speaker will teach "Canadian Children"<ref>"Quebec English Commercial Academy" (April 9, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, April 16, 1812 pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 19 February 2025</ref>

Detailed petition asks that 1777 law prohibiting shingle roofs in Montreal be rescinded because shingles "communicate fire" less than boards<ref>"Tuesday, 10th March, 1812; A Petition of divers Inhabitants[....]," Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 150, 152, 154 Accessed 10 February 2025</ref>

In petitioning Assembly for funds, Hôtel-Dieu nuns give brief history of and reasons for their support of "the indigent sick"<ref>"Friday, 13th March, 1812; A Petition of the Religious Ladies[....]," Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 426, 428 See also their petition for funds "for the subsistence of the distracted persons kept in the mad house of the General Hospital." Accessed 10 February 2025</ref>

Citing "great increase of poor," executors of will leaving money for Montreal "House of Industry" petition Assembly to establish it<ref>"Wednesday, 4th March, 1812; A Petition of James Strothers[....]," Journal of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada (1812), pgs. 108, 110 Accessed 10 February 2025</ref>

In "the very uncommon winter[, at times] 2 to 4 families have taken up[...]in one house and converted the deserted houses[...]into firewood<ref>"Montreal, 2d March," The Quebec Gazette, March 5, 1812 pg. 2 (4th column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Hudson's Bay Company men arrive at Montreal after 76-day trek from Moose Factory, "a long, dangerous, and most tiresome route" via Abitibi<ref>"The Montreal Herald; Saturday, March 7; On Sunday evening[....]," The Montreal Herald, March 7, 1812 pg. 3 (2nd column bottom), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 26 February 2025</ref>

Army veteran offers £100 "to any Lady or Gentleman by whose influence he could obtain a Civil or Military employment"<ref>"£100 Douceur" (March 2, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, March 2, 1812 pg. 71, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

Advertising dentist "mends teeth wth foil or gold [and] fixes gold roofs and palates, greatly assisting the pronunciation and the swallow" etc.<ref>"Dr. J. Flagg, Surgeon Dentist, From Boston" (March 9, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, March 23, 1812 pg. [89], Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

Montreal firm makes painted floor coverings for rooms, hallways, stairs, and even one-piece cloths "with appropriate designs" for churches<ref>"Manufactory of Painted Floor Cloths" (April 22, 1812), The Quebec Gazette, June 4, 1812 pg. 1 (2nd column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

Montreal circus poster advertises "feats of Horsemanship" including by "The Celebrated African" and "Madam Redon," plus other entertainment<ref>"Circus; Mr. Codet's Benefit" (1812), Musée McCord Stewart Museum. Accessed 12 February 2025</ref>

Upper CanadaEdit

"The news of war was very unwelcome on both sides the (Niagara River), where people are connected by marriages and various relationships"<ref>"American Papers; From Niagara, June 28," The Quebec Gazette, July 30, 1812 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 21 February 2025</ref>

Gen. Brock counters U.S. Gen. Hull's proclamation to Upper Canadians with reasons they should remain loyal<ref>"Upper Canada; Proclamation" (July 22, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, August 11, 1812 pgs. 253–4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also Gen. Hull's Proclamation (July 12, 1812), pg. 261. Accessed 13 February 2025</ref>

U.S. warships are repulsed at Kingston as town fills with volunteers from district, including aged-out American Revolutionary War veterans<ref>"Kingston, Nov. 17," The Quebec Mercury, December 8, 1812 pg. 388, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also description (pg. 390, centre column) of squadron attacking Kingston and its commander's report (pg. 398). Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Commander of U.S. army near Buffalo orders no "private plundering," but offers soldiers $200 for army horses and $40 for "each savage warrior"<ref>"General Smyth" (November 7, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, December 15, 1812 pgs. 397–8, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

Unappropriated funds coming in from taxes and duties collected shall be disposed of by governor for defence "against his Majesty's enemies"<ref>An Act to provide for the Defence of this Province (August 5, 1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Civilians and militia arresting deserters from regular forces to receive £5 reward; they may command assistance with custody of arrestee<ref>An Act to prevent Desertion from his Majesty’s Regular Forces, by granting a Bounty for Apprehending Deserters in this Province (March 6, 1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Out of public school in Kingston comes suggestion one of its rooms be reserved for teaching "young men of the country" serving military duty<ref>"For the Kingston Gazette" (November 30, 1812), Kingston Gazette (December 1, 1812), pg. 1 Kingston Frontenac Public Library. Accessed 27 February 2025</ref>

Brief descriptions of Queenston, "Newark, or Fort George," York and Kingston from "the American Tourist's Pocket Companion for 1812"<ref>"(The following descriptions[....]," The Quebec Mercury, December 15, 1812 pg. 395, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. See also view of York blockhouse and harbour. Accessed 17 February 2025</ref>

"Evil disposed persons travelling the highways" shall pay 10s fine for not sharing road with opposing traffic, and also if lacking harness bells<ref>An Act to prevent Damage to Travellers on the Highways in this Province (March 6, 1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Nova ScotiaEdit

Further duties on wine, rum and distilled liquor to be collected for defence; also, commissioners may borrow up to £20,000 for that purpose<ref>An Act for granting to His Majesty an additional Revenue to defray the expense of the War; and to appoint Commissioners to borrow Money for the use of the Province (1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

U.S. privateer chases "unarmed" chaloupe only to find its crew has loaded muskets it is transporting; they manage to bring privateer into port<ref>"Extract of a letter[....]" (July 24, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, August 18, 1812 pg. 262 (right column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 14 February 2025</ref>

Among prizes brought into Halifax is ship from France carrying silks and silk stockings, sold cheap to ladies shopping morning to night<ref>"Extract of a letter[....]" (August 4, 1812), The Quebec Mercury, September 15, 1812 pg. 293 (centre column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 14 February 2025</ref>

New BrunswickEdit

Feeling "threatened by the Government of the United States of America," N.B. government will, if hostilities begin, appropriate £10,000 for defence<ref>An Act to appropriate a sum of money as an aid to His Majesty in the defence of the Province (March 7, 1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

St. Andrews learns from Eastport, Maine that war has begun, and latter has decided "to preserve a good understanding with [N.B.] inhabitants"<ref>"Halifax, June 29; St. Andrews, June 26," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (July 9, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 1st column, bottom). Accessed 6 February 2025</ref>

Pres. Madison is advised that 1,000 soldiers, artillery and Maine volunteers could take N.B., "one of the most valuable of the British Provinces"<ref>Letter to James Madison (June 27, 1812). See also letter to Madison saying Boston is defenceless against attack from Nova Scotia. Accessed 28 February 2025</ref>

"This hateful American War has frighten'd us not a little — [N.B.] has not as yet suffer'd much by it — But there is horrible work in upper Canada"<ref>"Letter from Penelope Winslow to Edward Winslow" (November 20, 1812), University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 7 February 2025</ref>

Indigenous people in various parts of N.B. agree to remain neutral during war with U.S.A.<ref>"Indian Affairs; Document #40" and "Indian Affairs; Document #41" and "Indian Affairs; Document #42" (August 1812), University of New Brunswick Archives. Accessed 28 February 2025</ref>

Six petitioners will be allowed exclusive right to run Saint John - Fredericton steamboat service if begun within 2 years and £500 bond is paid<ref>An Act to encourage the erection of a Passage Boat to be worked by Steam for facilitating the communication between the City of Saint John and Fredericton (March 7, 1812), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Legislature passes bill prohibiting people from remarrying if their former partner is still alive; breaking law is considered felony<ref>[https://archives.gnb.ca/Search/RS24/DocumentViewer.aspx?culture=en-CA&record=1600 An Act to restrain Persons from Marriage until their former Wives or Husbands be dead (February 13, 1812), Legislative Assembly: Sessional Records (RS24), Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Accessed 10 February 2025</ref>

NewfoundlandEdit

Anyone with smallpox arriving in Conception Bay will be sent back; if not, C.B. fishery could be destroyed, affecting 700 or more families<ref>"Public Notice is hereby given[....]" (June 8, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (July 2, 1812) pg. 1 of 2 (lefthand page, 1st column). Accessed 6 February 2025</ref>

"Conception-Bay Scheme of Mutual Insurance" has for several years covered coastal and banks fishers and sealers, who at times paid no premium<ref>"Insurance" (February 22, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (April 9, 1812) pg. 1 of 2 (lefthand page, 4th column). Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Merchants' Hall to continue "as a News-Room and Exchange" underwritten by "Civil, Military and Naval" subscribers and their sponsored visitors<ref>"Notice" (March 30, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (April 9, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 4th column). Accessed 3 February 2025</ref>

Break-and-enter of Anglican church in St. John's called "sacrilegious violation;" £200 reward offered by church wardens, £100 by town magistrates<ref>"The Royal Gazette; Thursday, November 12, 1812; Atrocious Theft," The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (November 12, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page, 3rd column). Accessed 7 February 2025</ref>

Commissariat wants 3,000 hhds coal, 2,400 lbs "mould candles, 4 to the Pound," 3,000 lbs. other size candles and 550 cords firewood<ref>"Contract" (April 16, 1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (April 16, 1812) pg. 2 of 2 (righthand page). Accessed 5 February 2025</ref>

ElsewhereEdit

Prince Edward Island grand jury praises Chief Justice for his court's "regularity, dignity, and decorum" in face of attorney's libels<ref>"Address, To the Honourable Cæsar Colclough[....]" (1812), The Royal Gazette, and Newfoundland Advertiser (June18, 1812) pg. 2 of 5 (righthand page). Accessed 5 February 2025</ref>

"Most amiable set of fine girls that is to be seen between Montreal and the Rocky Mountains" - Pleasant times kissing Sault Ste. Marie ladies<ref>Letter (1811 or 1812) quoted in Pioneer Papers - No. 1 (1908), pgs. 47-8 (frame 120)</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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