1975 in science

The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space explorationEdit

April 19 – Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.

August 7 – César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary (Catagonus wagneri), previously known only from fossils, are identified in Paraguay.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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August 8 – The term global warming is probably first used in its modern sense by Wallace Smith Broecker.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

January – Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer.
March 5 – Hackers in Silicon Valley hold the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club.
April 4 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a company at this time called Micro-Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell their Altair BASIC interpreter software for the Altair 8800.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
The MOS Technology 6502 is introduced. An 8-bit microprocessor designed by a small team led by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology, it is, by a considerable margin, the least expensive full-featured microprocessor on the market.

Benoit Mandelbrot coins the term fractal.
The Harada–Norton group is discovered.<ref>Template:Cite conference</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
John N. Mather and Richard McGehee prove that for the Newtonian collinear four-body problem there exist solutions which become unbounded in a finite time interval.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
The Monty Hall problem in probability is first posed, by Steve Selvin.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

October 16 – The last naturally occurring case of smallpox is diagnosed and treated, the victim being two-year-old Rahima Banu in Bangladesh.<ref>Image caption of U.S. Centers for Disease Control Public Health Image Library image number 7762.</ref>
Lyme disease first recognised at Lyme, Connecticut.
Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for dementia or other cognitive dysfunction.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Steven Sasson of Eastman Kodak in the United States produces the first self-contained (portable) digital camera.

February 8 – Sir Robert Robinson b. 1886), British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
February 10 – Elizabeth Kozlova (b. 1892), Russian ornithologist
February 14 – Sir Julian Huxley (b. 1887), English biologist and author.
April 19 – Percy Lavon Julian (b. 1899), African American research chemist.
May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson (b. 1878), Swedish American television pioneer.
May 18 – Christopher Strachey (b. 1916), English computer scientist.
June 8 – Douglas Guthrie (b. 1885), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian.
June 27 – Sir Geoffrey Taylor (b. 1886), English physicist.
September 5 – Alice Catherine Evans (b. 1881), American microbiologist.
October 10 – August Dvorak (b. 1894), American educational psychologist.
October 23 – Gordon Hamilton Fairley (b. 1930), British oncologist.
November – Priscilla Fairfield Bok (b. 1896), American astronomer.
November 19 – Tokushichi Mishima (b. 1893), Japanese inventor and metallurgist.
December 13 – Mary Locke Petermann (b. 1908), American cellular biochemist.
December 28 – Frances McConnell-Mills (b. 1900), American toxicologist.