1993 Spanish general election
Template:Short description Template:Infobox election A general election was held in Spain on Sunday, 6 June 1993, to elect the members of the 5th {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 208 of 256 seats in the Senate.
Felipe González's third term in office had seen Spain completing projects like the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and hosting events such as the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics, which contributed to the modernization of the country's international image. Some corruption scandals affecting the ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) were uncovered during this period: deputy prime minister Alfonso Guerra resigned in 1991 after his brother was accused of nepotism and tax evasion, and a judicial probe was started on the alleged illegal funding of PSOE campaigns (the "Filesa case"). The outset of the early 1990s recession and its impact on the Spanish economy (amid unemployment growth and rising inflation) forced the government to devalue the peseta three times in nine months. As a result of mounting crises and rising political tension, González chose to call a snap election for June 1993.
Amid a large voter turnout of 76.4%, González's PSOE emerged as the largest party for the fourth consecutive time, though it lost the overall majority it had held since 1982 and fell to 159 deputies. In contrast, José María Aznar's People's Party (PP) gained from the collapse of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and made significant inroads, increasing its support to 34.8% of the vote and 141 seats. However, the party fell short of opinion poll predictions that gave it the most seats, which was attributed to González being perceived as decisively defeating Aznar in the second of two head-to-head debates held during the campaign. United Left (IU) remained stagnant, with party leader Julio Anguita having suffered a stroke in the week previous to the election that prevented him from campaigning.
For the first time since 1979, the election brought in a hung parliament, but parliamentary arithmetics meant that the PSOE remained the only party able to form a government. González was forced to seek the support of Catalan and Basque nationalist groups—such as Convergence and Union (CiU) and the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV)—in order to renew his tenure, in exchange for regional concessions. His fourth government was a minority one, in spite of coalition offerings made to CiU and PNV being rejected.
BackgroundEdit
The 175-seat victory of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the 1989 general election, exactly half of Congress, allowed it to govern with a de facto absolute majority or with minor support from other parties, depending on Herri Batasuna's policy of abstentionism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Due to election irregularities reported in a number of constituencies, only 332 deputies were sworn in by Felipe González's investiture as prime minister,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> prompting him to submit a motion of confidence on his government in April 1990,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> which he won.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Internationally, Spain would participate in the coalition formed in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, in the context of the Gulf War (which led to an increase in conscientious objectors to compulsory military service),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, which established the European Union (EU) and provided a roadmap towards a common currency.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The establishment of a "European citizenship" required a constitutional reform—the first since the approval of the 1978 Spanish Constitution—to introduce active and passive suffrage in local elections for nationals of EU member states.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Internally, the 1990 liberalization of the television market saw the first private channels in Spain—Antena 3, Telecinco and Canal+—challenging RTVE's monopoly until then.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The approval of a new law of citizen security protection—aimed at repealing the public order legislation in force since the Franco's dictatorship and combating drug-related crimes—came under criticism due to its empowerment to law enforcement to enter a home without the need for a warrant or judicial authorization.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> These provisions (which earned the bill the nickname "kick-in-the-door law") would be eventually overturned by the Constitutional Court in November 1993, prompting the resignation of the law's promoter, interior minister José Luis Corcuera.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
This period also saw Spain hosting events such as the Madrid Conference of 1991,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Seville Expo '92 and the Barcelona '92 Summer Olympics—which allowed the fledgeling democracy to present itself to the international community as a modern country, different from what it had been under the Francoist regime<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>—as well as the completion of major infrastructure projects such as the Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and the establishment of the first AVE service.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, the Spanish economy was hit hard by the effects of the ongoing international recession: the large investments of those years had left public administrations and companies highly indebted, while the 1990 oil price shock, a consequence of the Gulf War, affected inflation (the rise of which forced the government to devalue the peseta three times in nine months; the last of which, on 13 May 1993, would become known as "Black Thursday"), leading to an increase of the unemployment rate.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
ETA intensified its attacks in the early 1990s in the run up to the Barcelona Olympics in order to try to gain worldwide attention; this saw the Sabadell bombing in 1990, the Vic and Mutxamel bombings in 1991, and the 1992 Madrid bombing, as well as a number of attacks in the Netherlands. In March 1992, the group leaders at the time—José Luis Álvarez Santacristina "Txelis", José Javier Zabaleta Elosegi "Baldo", Francisco Múgica Garmendia "Pakito" y José Arregi Erostarbe "Fitti"—were detained in the French commune of Bidart thanks to cooperation between Spanish and French forces.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
A succession of political scandals began to undermine the government's public image starting in 1991 and into 1992.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Alfonso Guerra resigned as deputy prime minister in January 1991,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> following a scandal involving his brother Juan—amid accusations of nepotism and tax evasion<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>—which had been ongoing for over a year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In May, it was revealed that a number of PSOE-linked companies had been paid hundreds of millions for consultancy works that were never carried out (funds which were allegedly used to illegally fund the party's campaigns in 1989) in what would come to be known as the "Filesa case".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Several months later, health minister Julián García Valverde was forced to abandon politics after revelations that RENFE—a state-owned company which he had presided between 1985 and 1991—had purchased lands at an inflated price that suggested a possible embezzlement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
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Other scandals saw the "Ibercorp case" that broke out in February 1992, in which it was unveiled that governor of the Bank of Spain Mariano Rubio owned stock shares in the Ibercorp investment bank, that he had concealed these from the National Securities Market Commission (CNMV) and that he had amassed a fortune by carrying out financial operations based on privileged information; while Rubio denied all accusations, he was replaced from his post in July.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November that year, a scheme to collect illegal kickbacks from the awarding of contracts for the purchase of newsprint used by the Official State Gazette (BOE) printing presses was uncovered.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The scandal would bring about the arrest one year later of former BOE director, Carmen Salanueva,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> who was also accused of fraud by buying paintings at a low price invoking the name of Queen Sofía and Carmen Romero, spouse of then prime minister Felipe González.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The growing unpopularity of the government sewed divisions within the ruling PSOE: starting in its 1990 congress, supporters of deputy secretary-general Alfonso Guerra (colloquially referred to as guerristas) clashed with supporters of prime minister Felipe González (renovadores, Spanish for "renovators") over party control.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Opposition to the Socialist government coalesced around the newly-amalgamated People's Party (PP)—formed in 1989 by several right-of-centre parties: the People's Alliance (AP), the Christian Democracy (DC) and the Liberal Party (PL)—and its new party leader, José María Aznar,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> particularly following the 1991 local and regional elections, which saw the PSOE losing important local governments such as Valencia and Seville,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> as well as the collapse of the Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) and the farewell of its leader, Adolfo Suárez, from active politics.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 12 April 1993, Felipe González announced the dissolution of parliament and the calling of a snap election for 6 June, four months ahead of schedule, to solve "tensions in Spanish political life" that prevented his government from "addressing the economic crisis".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The rising number of revelations of corruption scandal, internal party divisions, and the increasingly hostile opposition staged by the PP were also said to have González's decision.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
OverviewEdit
Electoral systemEdit
The Spanish {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} were envisaged as an imperfect bicameral system. The Congress of Deputies had greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority of votes. Nonetheless, the Senate possessed a few exclusive (yet limited in number) functions—such as its role in constitutional amendment—which were not subject to the Congress' override.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} summarizing Template:Harvp.</ref> Voting for the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>Template:Sfn
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Spain, with each being allocated an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 being distributed in proportion to their populations. Ceuta and Melilla were allocated the two remaining seats, which were elected using plurality voting.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:<ref name="ElectionDecree">Template:Cite journal</ref>
| Seats | Constituencies |
|---|---|
| 34 | MadridTemplate:Font color |
| 32 | Barcelona |
| 16 | Valencia |
| 12 | Seville |
| 10 | Alicante, Málaga |
| 9 | Asturias, BiscayTemplate:Font color, Cádiz, La Coruña, Murcia |
| 8 | Pontevedra |
| 7 | BalearicsTemplate:Font color, Córdoba, Granada, Las Palmas, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
| 6 | Badajoz, GuipúzcoaTemplate:Font color, Jaén, TarragonaTemplate:Font color |
| 5 | Almería, Cáceres, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Girona, Huelva, León, Lugo, Navarre, Toledo, Valladolid |
| 4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, La Rioja, Lleida, OrenseTemplate:Font color, Salamanca |
| 3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel, Zamora |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an open list partial block voting system, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. In constituencies electing four seats, electors could vote for up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, for up to two candidates; and for one candidate in single-member districts. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, whereas for insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, districts were the islands themselves, with the larger—Majorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife—being allocated three seats each, and the smaller—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities could appoint at least one senator each and were entitled to one additional senator per each million inhabitants.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislature's term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when needed, by the designated substitutes, of which the list was required to include three.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
Election dateEdit
The term of each chamber of the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> The previous election was held on 29 October 1989, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 29 October 1993. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 5 October 1993, with the election taking place on the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} on Saturday, 4 December 1993.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of Template:Currentyear, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
The {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} were officially dissolved on 13 April 1993 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 6 June and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 29 June.<ref name="ElectionDecree"/>
Parliamentary compositionEdit
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="HESenate">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
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| Congress of Deputies | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Parties | Deputies | |||
| Seats | Total | ||||
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | Socialist Group of the Congress | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSOE | 155 | 175 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSC | 20 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Congress | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PP | 104 | 106 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UPN | 2 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Catalan Parliamentary Group (Convergence and Union) |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDC | 13 | 18 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UDC | 5 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left–Initiative for Catalonia Parliamentary Group |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IU | 14 | 17 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS | 12 | 12 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Parliamentary Group (PNV) | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EAJ/PNV | 5 | 5 |
| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | HB | 4 | 17 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PA | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UV | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EA | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EE | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EuE | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PAR | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AIC | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | INDEP | 3Template:Efn | |||
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| Senate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups | Parties | Senators | |||
| Seats | Total | ||||
| width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Party color"| | Socialist Parliamentary Group | width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSOE | 120 | 128 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PSC | 8 | |||
| rowspan="3" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Parliamentary Group in the Senate | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PP | 88 | 91 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UPN | 2 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UM | 1 | |||
| rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union's Catalan Parliamentary Group in the Senate |
style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDC | 11 | 14 |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | UDC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Senators' Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EAJ/PNV | 6 | 6 |
| Mixed Parliamentary Group | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | IU | 3 | 15 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | HB | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AIC | 3 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | CDS | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | EA | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | PAR | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AM | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | AHI | 1 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | ENV | 1 | |||
Parties and candidatesEdit
EligibilityEdit
Spanish citizens of age and with the legal capacity to vote could run for election, provided that they were not sentenced to imprisonment by a final court's decision nor convicted by a judgement, even if not yet final, which imposed a penalty of forfeiture of eligibility or of specific disqualification or suspension from public office under specific offences: rebellion and terrorism when involving crimes against life, physical integrity or freedom of persons. Other general causes of ineligibility were imposed on members of the Spanish royal family; the president and members of the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council; the Ombudsman; the State's Attorney General; high-ranking members—undersecretaries, secretaries-general, directors-general and chiefs of staff—of Spanish government departments, the Prime Minister's Office, government delegations, the Social Security and other government agencies; heads of diplomatic missions in foreign states or international organizations; judges and public prosecutors in active service; Armed Forces and police corps personnel in active service; members of electoral commissions; the chair of RTVE; the director of the Electoral Register Office; the governor and deputy governor of the Bank of Spain; the chairs of the Official Credit Institute and other official credit institutions; and members of the Nuclear Safety Council; as well as a number of territorial-level officers in the aforementioned government bodies and institutions being barred from running, during their tenure of office, in constituencies within the whole or part of their respective area of jurisdiction.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref><ref>Template:Harvp.</ref> Disqualification provisions for the Cortes Generales extended to any employee of a foreign state and to members of regional governments, as well as the impossibility of running simultaneously as candidate for both the Congress and Senate.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.<ref>Template:Harvp.</ref>
Main candidaciesEdit
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
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CampaignEdit
Election debatesEdit
| Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller Template:Colors Template:Smaller | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSOE | PP | Audience | Template:Abbr | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | |||||
| 24 May | Antena 3 | Manuel Campo Vidal | Template:Yes | Template:Yes | 61.8% Template:Smaller |
<ref name="Debates1">Template:Cite news</ref> <ref name="Debates2">Template:Cite news</ref> |
| 31 May | Tele 5 | Luis Mariñas | Template:Yes | Template:Yes | 75.3% Template:Smaller |
<ref name="Debates1"/> <ref name="Debates2"/> |
- Opinion polls
| Debate | Polling firm/Commissioner | PSOE | PP | Tie | None | Template:Qmark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color;"| | |||||
| 24 May | Demoscopia/El País<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | 21.0 | Template:Party shading/PP| 50.0 | 29.0 | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
18.4 | Template:Party shading/PP| 42.5 | 8.1 | 13.9 | 17.2 |
| Sigma Dos/El Mundo<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
28.0 | Template:Party shading/PP| 49.8 | 22.2 | ||
| 31 May | Demoscopia/El País<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> | Template:Party shading/PSOE| 48.0 | 18.0 | 34.0 | ||
| Opina/La Vanguardia<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
Template:Party shading/PSOE| 36.2 | 15.3 | 17.4 | 13.6 | 17.5 |
Opinion pollsEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:Opinion polling for the 1993 Spanish general election (Graphical summary)
ResultsEdit
Congress of DeputiesEdit
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 9,150,083 | 38.78 | –1.33 | 159 | –18 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Party (PP) | 8,201,463 | 34.76 | +8.97 | 141 | +34 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left (IU) | 2,253,722 | 9.55 | +0.48 | 18 | +1 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 1,165,783 | 4.94 | –0.10 | 17 | –1 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 414,740 | 1.76 | –6.13 | 0 | –14 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 291,448 | 1.24 | ±0.00 | 5 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Canarian Coalition (CC)2 | 207,077 | 0.88 | +0.45 | 4 | +3 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Popular Unity (HB) | 206,876 | 0.88 | –0.18 | 2 | –2 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 189,632 | 0.80 | +0.39 | 1 | +1 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Greens (Verdes)3 | 185,940 | 0.79 | –0.11 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 144,544 | 0.61 | +0.26 | 1 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 129,293 | 0.55 | –0.12 | 1 | –1 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 126,965 | 0.54 | +0.31 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Union (UV) | 112,341 | 0.48 | –0.23 | 1 | –1 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 96,513 | 0.41 | –0.63 | 0 | –2 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Ecologists (LE) | 68,851 | 0.29 | –0.38 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 54,518 | 0.23 | –0.84 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 43,169 | 0.18 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 41,052 | 0.17 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 30,068 | 0.13 | –0.27 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 27,005 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 20,118 | 0.09 | +0.05 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 18,608 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 16,623 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 16,452 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 15,246 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 13,097 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 11,392 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 11,088 | 0.05 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Extremadura (EU) | 10,653 | 0.05 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 10,233 | 0.04 | –0.27 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 10,053 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia–VERDE (PEC–VERDE) | 9,249 | 0.04 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Humanist Party (PH) | 8,834 | 0.04 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 8,667 | 0.04 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 8,000 | 0.03 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)4 | 7,991 | 0.03 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Riojan Party (PR) | 7,532 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 6,344 | 0.03 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 4,663 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 4,647 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 3,286 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 3,063 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 2,715 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 2,681 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 2,086 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 1,959 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 1,917 | 0.01 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 1,644 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 1,517 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 1,415 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 1,410 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 1,407 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 1,375 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 1,300 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 1,193 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 1,178 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 1,159 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,155 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 949 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 787 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 747 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 715 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Progressive Front of Spain (FPE) | 641 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Union of Autonomies (UDLA) | 594 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist October (OS) | 540 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 528 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 466 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 416 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 408 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Party of The People (LG) | 385 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 383 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 303 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 282 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 278 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 267 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 244 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 98 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 70 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 42 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Coalition for Free Canaries (CCL) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |||
| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 0 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Blank ballots | 188,679 | 0.80 | +0.11 | |||||
| Total | 23,591,864 | 350 | ±0 | |||||
| Valid votes | 23,591,864 | 99.46 | +0.20 | |||||
| Invalid votes | 126,952 | 0.54 | –0.20 | |||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 23,718,816 | 76.44 | +6.70 | |||||
| Abstentions | 7,311,695 | 23.56 | –6.70 | |||||
| Registered voters | 31,030,511 | |||||||
| Sources<ref name="InfoE">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref><ref name="HE">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |
CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||||||
| Template:Hidden | ||||||||
Template:Bar box Template:Bar box
SenateEdit
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | |||
| width="1" style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)1 | 25,441,605 | 39.02 | –1.66 | 96 | –11 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | People's Party (PP) | 22,467,236 | 34.46 | +8.40 | 93 | +15 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Left (IU) | 6,172,255 | 9.47 | +0.70 | 0 | –1 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Convergence and Union (CiU) | 3,458,419 | 5.30 | +0.01 | 10 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) | 1,189,877 | 1.82 | –5.78 | 0 | –1 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 846,605 | 1.30 | –0.04 | 3 | –1 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Popular Unity (HB) | 599,744 | 0.92 | –0.22 | 1 | –2 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Greens (Verdes)2 | 570,793 | 0.88 | +0.24 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Party (PAR) | 465,162 | 0.71 | +0.28 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 402,549 | 0.62 | +0.36 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Canarian Coalition (CC)3 | 396,799 | 0.61 | +0.37 | 5 | +1 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Basque Solidarity–Basque Left (EA–EuE) | 381,356 | 0.58 | –0.14 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Union (UV) | 347,593 | 0.53 | –0.08 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Party (PA) | 312,384 | 0.48 | –0.67 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) | 239,546 | 0.37 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ruiz-Mateos Group–European Democratic Alliance (ARM–ADE) | 180,139 | 0.28 | –0.43 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Union for the Progress of Cantabria (UPCA) | 144,784 | 0.22 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian People's Union (UPV) | 138,183 | 0.21 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andalusian Progress Party (PAP) | 133,514 | 0.20 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | The Ecologists (LE) | 70,589 | 0.11 | –0.43 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Liberal Independent Group (GIL) | 60,071 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Leonese People's Union (UPL) | 57,797 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Ecologist Party of Catalonia (PEC) | 52,053 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Alavese Unity (UA) | 49,120 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | United Extremadura (EU) | 48,113 | 0.07 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Asturianist Party (PAS) | 43,538 | 0.07 | +0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Workers' Socialist Party (PST) | 43,044 | 0.07 | –0.15 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalists of the Balearic Islands (PSM–ENE) | 40,478 | 0.06 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) | 35,618 | 0.05 | –0.22 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of Gran Canaria (PGC) | 30,285 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 28,769 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Aragonese Union (CHA) | 28,186 | 0.04 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Riojan Party (PR) | 27,383 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Majorcan, Menorcan and Pityusic Union (UMMP) | 24,450 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 22,845 | 0.04 | –0.09 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Commoners' Land–Castilian Nationalist Party (TC–PNC) | 17,953 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Nationalist Convergence (CNG) | 16,405 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Coalition for a New Socialist Party (CNPS)4 | 13,733 | 0.02 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) | 13,041 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 12,147 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Democratic Republican Action (ARDE) | 11,830 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Humanist Party (PH) | 11,176 | 0.02 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Galician Alternative (AG) | 10,849 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) | 10,768 | 0.02 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Madrilenian Independent Regional Party (PRIM)5 | 10,713 | 0.02 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Gray Panthers of Spain (ACI) | 10,681 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) | 10,258 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Extremaduran Regionalist Party (PREx) | 10,253 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Green Social Unity (USV) | 9,802 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Vertex Ecological Development Revindication (VERDE) | 9,704 | 0.01 | –0.17 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Spanish Catholic Movement (MCE) | 9,507 | 0.01 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Rainbow (Arcoiris) | 5,419 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Party of El Bierzo (PB) | 5,151 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| People's Palentine Group (APP) | 4,869 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Valencian Nationalist Left (ENV) | 4,617 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| The Greens of the Alicantine Country (PVPA) | 4,439 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Law Party (PLN) | 4,422 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Cantonal Party (PCAN) | 4,333 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Federal Socialist Party (PSF) | 4,168 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Health and Ecology in Solidarity (SEES) | 4,083 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Centrist Unity–Democratic Spanish Party (PED) | 4,047 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Alicantine Democratic Union (UniDA) | 3,611 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Authentic Spanish Phalanx (FEA) | 3,408 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Andecha Astur (AA) | 3,068 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Castilianist Union (UC) | 3,013 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Tenerife Assembly (ATF) | 2,638 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Spanish Action (AE) | 2,595 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Independent Council of Asturias (Conceyu) | 2,326 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Navarrese Regionalists (RN) | 2,213 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Insular Group of Gran Canaria (AIGRANC) | 2,098 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist Party of the People of Ceuta (PSPC) | 1,961 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Socialist October (OS) | 1,751 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) | 1,641 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Cantabria (PNC) | 1,566 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Natural Culture (CN) | 1,557 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blue Party of Progressive Rightwing (PADP) | 1,086 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Integration Party for Almeria and its Peoples (PIAP) | 1,026 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Tagoror Party (Tagoror) | 1,016 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Social Democratic Spanish Christian Monarchy (MCES) | 1,009 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Federated Independents of Aragon (IF) | 842 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Spanish Balearic Alternative (ABE) | 717 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Referendum Tolerant Independent Political Party (PITRCG) | 583 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Proverist Party (PPr) | 467 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Radical Balearic Party (PRB) | 460 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Nationalist Party of Castile and León (PANCAL) | 352 | 0.00 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
| Progressive Sorian Union (US) | 347 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| Initiative for Ceuta (INCE) | 70 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | ||
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| style="color:inherit;background:Template:Party color"| | Freixes Independent Group (Freixes) | 0 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
| Blank ballotsTemplate:Efn | 376,829 | 1.63 | –0.04 | ||||
| Total | 65,203,500 | 208 | ±0 | ||||
| Valid votes | 23,189,174 | 97.70 | +1.13 | ||||
| Invalid votes | 546,821 | 2.30 | –1.13 | ||||
| Votes cast / turnout | 23,735,995 | 76.49 | +6.62 | ||||
| Abstentions | 7,294,516 | 23.51 | –6.62 | ||||
| Registered voters | 31,030,511 | ||||||
| Sources<ref name="HESenate"/><ref name="InfoE"/><ref name="HE"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||||||
| Template:Hidden | |||||||
Template:Bar box Template:Bar box
MapsEdit
- 1993 Spanish general election map.svg
Election results by constituency (Congress).
- 1993 Spanish election - Results.svg
Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress).
- 1993 Spanish election - AC results.svg
Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress).
AftermathEdit
Government formationEdit
| Investiture Felipe González (PSOE) | |||
| Ballot → | 9 July 1993 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Required majority → | 176 out of 350 Template:Tick | ||
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | ||
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | ||
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | ||
| Template:Collapsible list | Template:Composition bar | ||
| Sources<ref name="HECongressVotes">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> | ||