Adolfo Suárez

Template:Short description {{#invoke:Other people|otherPeople}} Template:Family name hatnote Template:Use dmy dates {{#invoke:infobox|infoboxTemplate | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{#if:|width: {{{mainwidth}}}}} | child = {{{embed}}}

| abovestyle = font-size: 100%;

| above = {{#if:The Most Excellent|

The Most Excellent

}}

{{#if:The Duke of Suárez|The Duke of Suárez|Template:PAGENAMEBASE}}

{{#if:GE|

GE

}}

| subheaderstyle = font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;

| subheader = {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes||{{#if:|{{#if:|

}}{{{native_name}}}{{#if:|

}}}}}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=Adolfo Suárez 1979c (cropped).jpg|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|size=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image=|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt=|suppressplaceholder=yes}} | captionstyle = line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em; | caption{{#if:|3|{{#if:|2}}}} = Suárez in 1979

| headerstyle = color: #202122; {{#ifeq:{{{embed}}}|yes|background:#eee|background:lavender}}

| data2 = | header3 = {{#if:Adolfo Suárez GonzálezTemplate:Birth date Cebreros, Ávila, Second Spanish Republic Template:Death date and age Madrid, SpainCathedral of Ávila Democratic and Social Centre (1982–1991)FET y de las JONS
(1958–1977)
Union of the Democratic Centre
(1977–1982)Template:Marriage5, including Adolfo Salamanca University Jurist|Personal details}} | label4 = Pronunciation | data4 =

| label5 = Born | data5 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br

|1 = {{#if:Adolfo Suárez González|

Adolfo Suárez González

}}

|2 = Template:Birth date
|3 = Cebreros, Ávila, Second Spanish Republic
}}

| label6 = Died | data6 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br|Template:Death date and age|Madrid, Spain}}

| label7 = {{#ifexpr: Template:Strfind short

   | Manner |{{#if:|Manner|Cause}} }} of death

| data7 = {{#if:||}}

| label8 = Resting place | class8 = label | data8 = {{#invoke:Separated entries|br|Cathedral of Ávila|}}

| label9 = Citizenship | data9 =

| label10 = Nationality | data10 = {{#switch:{{#invoke:delink|delink|}} | {{#ifeq:Template:Country2nationality|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}|{{#invoke:delink|delink|}}}} = | {{#ifeq:Template:Find country|England|British}} = | #default = }}

| label11 = Political party | data11 = {{#switch:Democratic and Social Centre (1982–1991) | = | Democrat | Democratic | Democrat = Democratic | Republican | United States Republican Party | Republican | Republican Party = Republican | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Labour Party | Labour = Labour | Conservative Party | Conservative = Conservative | Liberal Party | Liberal = Liberal | KMT | Kuomintang | KMT | KMT | Kuomintang | Kuomintang (KMT) | Kuomintang (KMT) = Kuomintang | DPP | DPP | Democratic Progressive Party = Democratic Progressive Party | #default = Democratic and Social Centre (1982–1991) }}

| label12 = Other political
affiliations | data12 = FET y de las JONS
(1958–1977)
Union of the Democratic Centre
(1977–1982)

| label13 = Height | data13 = {{#if:|Template:Infobox person/height}}

| label14 = Spouse{{#if:|s|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize|Template:Marriage|likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | data14 = Template:Marriage

| label15 = Domestic partner{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data15 =

| label16 = Relations | data16 =

| label17 = Children | data17 = 5, including Adolfo

| label18 = Parent{{#if:|{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}}|{{#ifexpr:Template:Count > 1|s}}}} | data18 = {{#if:|{{{parents}}}|{{#invoke:list|unbulleted|{{#if:|{{{father}}} (father)}}|{{#if:|{{{mother}}} (mother)}}}}}}

| label19 = Relatives | data19 =

| label20 = Residence{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class20 = {{#if:Template:Death date and age Madrid, Spain||label}} | data20 =

| label21 = Education | data21 =

| label22 = Alma mater | data22 = Salamanca University

| label23 = Occupation | data23 = Jurist

| label24 = Profession | data24 =

| label25 = Known for | data25 =

| label26 = Salary | data26 =

| label27 = Cabinet | data27 =

| label28 = Committees | data28 =

| label29 = Portfolio | data29 =

| label30 = {{#if:|Civilian awards|Awards}} | data30 =

| label31 = {{{blank1}}} | data31 =

| label32 = {{{blank2}}} | data32 =

| label33 = {{{blank3}}} | data33 =

| label34 = {{{blank4}}} | data34 =

| label35 = {{{blank5}}} | data35 =

| label36 = Signature | data36 = {{#if:Firma de Adolfo Suárez.svg|Adolfo Suárez's signature}}

| label37 = Website | data37 =

| label38 = Nickname{{#invoke:Detect singular|pluralize||likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data38 =

| header39 = {{#if:|Military service}}

| label40 = Allegiance | data40 =

| label41 = {{#if:||Branch/service}} | data41 =

| label42 = {{#if:||Years of service}} | data42 =

| label43 = {{#if:||Rank}} | data43 =

| label44 = {{#if:||Unit}} | data44 =

| label45 = Commands | data45 =

| label46 = {{#if:||Battles/wars}} | data46 =

| label47 = {{#if:|Military awards|Awards}} | data47 =

| label48 = {{{military_blank1}}} | data48 =

| label49 = {{{military_blank2}}} | data49 =

| label50 = {{{military_blank3}}} | data50 =

| label51 = {{{military_blank4}}} | data51 =

| label52 = {{{military_blank5}}} | data52 =

| below =

{{#if:| As of {{{date}}}{{#if:|, {{{year}}}}}}}

{{#if:|Source: [{{{source}}}]}}

}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; 25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected prime minister since the Second Spanish Republic and a key figure in the country's transition to democracy after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.

When Spain was still an autocratic regime, he was appointed prime minister by King Juan Carlos in 1976, hoping that his government could bring about democracy. At the time of his appointment, he was not a well-known figure, making many political forces skeptical of his government. However, he oversaw the end of the Francoist Cortes, and the legalisation of all political parties (including the Communist Party of Spain, a particularly difficult move). He led the Union of the Democratic Centre and won the 1977 general election. In 1981, he resigned and founded the party Democratic and Social Centre (CDS), which was elected to the Cortes numerous times. He retired from politics in 1991 and from public life in 2003, due to Alzheimer's disease.

Early lifeEdit

Adolfo Suárez González was born on 25 September 1932 in Cebreros in the Province of Ávila of Spain,<ref name=NYT1977>Template:Cite news</ref> the eldest son of Hipólito Suárez Guerra, a lawyer, and Herminia González Prados.<ref name=NYTObit/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Both of his parents supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War.<ref name=EconomistObit>Template:Cite news</ref> At the age of 18, Suárez was president of the Ávila chapter of Catholic Action.<ref name=NYT1977/> He studied law at the University of Salamanca, after which he took a job at the municipal government of Ávila in 1955. He subsequently became a member of Opus Dei, and obtained a doctorate at the Central University of Madrid.<ref name=GuardianObit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=TelegraphObit>Template:Cite news</ref> He also worked briefly as a porter at Madrid's Atocha railway station.<ref name=NYT1977/>

Political careerEdit

Early careerEdit

In 1958, Suárez became the personal secretary of Fernando Herrero Tejedor, the newly appointed civil governor of Ávila. When Tejedor was made deputy secretary-general of the Movimiento Nacional in 1961, Suárez became his chef de cabinet.<ref name=NYT1977/><ref name=NYTObit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=GuardianObit/> He gradually rose through the ranks of the Movimiento. In 1965, Suárez was appointed programme director of the state broadcaster Radio y Televisión Española (RTVE). In 1967, he was elected to the Francoist Cortes.<ref name=GuardianObit/> In 1968, Suárez was promoted to civil governor and provincial head of the Movimiento in Segovia.<ref name=TelegraphObit/> In 1969, he was made director general of RTVE. Under this capacity, he became a close friend to future king Prince Juan Carlos.<ref name=NYT1977/><ref name=GuardianObit/>

In March 1975, Herrero Tejedor became secretary-general of the Movimiento while Suárez was appointed deputy secretary-general. Herrero Tejedor was considered a likely candidate for prime minister until his death in a car accident in June.<ref name=NYT1977/> In December, shortly after Francisco Franco's death, Suárez was promoted to secretary-general by prime minister Carlos Arias Navarro, and became a member of Arias's cabinet. In the same year, he also became a founding member of the Spanish People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Español, UDPE).<ref name=TelegraphObit/>

PremiershipEdit

In July 1976, King Juan Carlos requested the resignation of Arias. The relatively obscure Suárez was chosen as the new Prime Minister of Spain, surprising many observers.<ref name=GuardianObit/> At the age of 43, he was Spain's youngest prime minister in the 20th century.<ref name=TelegraphObit/> Due to his Francoist ties, Suárez enjoyed the trust of the political right, while the reformists were dismayed by his appointment.<ref name=WaPoObit>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=IndependentObit>Template:Cite news</ref> Nevertheless, it was noted that due to his age (he turned 7 years old in the year the civil war ended), Suárez was not as strongly associated with the bloody Civil War or the most brutal years of Franco's rule as the older politicians.<ref name=NYTObit/><ref name=WaPoObit/>

Within a year of his appointment, Suárez had rapidly introduced reform measures and taken decisive steps in Spain's transition to democracy (La Transición). The Political Reform Act, which permitted universal suffrage and established the basis for a new, bicameral parliament, was passed by a huge majority in the Francoist Cortes in November 1976 and overwhelmingly approved by a referendum in December.<ref name=GuardianObit/><ref name=IndependentObit/> Suárez managed to placate the conservative military officers, while also reaching out to Felipe González's Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and later, Santiago Carrillo's Communist Party of Spain (PCE).<ref name=GuardianObit/> Between February and April 1977, the PSOE and the PCE were both legalised, trade unions were recognised, and the Movimiento was abolished.<ref name=IndependentObit/> The legalisation of the PCE in particular provoked fury in the Spanish military; Suárez responded by sacking hardliners and promoting more liberal officers such as Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado.<ref name=EconomistObit/> On 15 June, Suárez led the Union of the Democratic Centre (Unión de Centro Democrático, UCD) to victory in Spain's first free elections in 41 years, and became the first democratically elected prime minister of the post-Francoist Spain.<ref name=IndependentObit/>

In 1978 during Suárez premiership Spain voted in the United Nations General Assembly condemning human rights abuses in Chile,<ref name=tribuna>Template:Cite news</ref> distancing thus Spain from the Francoist-influenced military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet.<ref name=uchil2007>Template:Cite news</ref>

Suárez's centrist government instituted further democratic reforms. A new constitution, which recognised Spain as a constitutional monarchy, was approved by a referendum in December 1978.<ref name=IndependentObit/> In an effort to address separatist tensions and calls for increased local autonomy, Suárez also negotiated the creation of Spain's autonomous communities. Suárez's coalition won the 1979 elections under the new constitution.<ref name=GuardianObit/>

Suárez's political power eroded as he struggled to deal with economic recession, mounting violent activity by ETA, calls for further regional autonomy and divisions within his own party. He became increasingly withdrawn from governance, partly due to a chronic dental condition. He survived a motion of no confidence presented by Felipe González and the PSOE in May 1980.<ref name=GuardianObit/> In January 1981, trailing in the polls behind the PSOE and faced with a revolt within the UCD, Suárez announced his resignation as prime minister.<ref name=NYTObit/> A month later, as parliament took the vote to confirm Suárez's successor Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero and around 200 Civil Guards stormed the chamber in an attempted coup and held the lawmakers hostage for some 22 hours.<ref name=TelegraphObit/> Suárez, along with two other parliamentarians, exhibited defiance by remaining calmly seated during the panic.<ref name=GuardianObit/> The 23-F coup attempt ("El Tejerazo") failed as it was opposed by Spain's main newspaper El País (who managed to get a special edition in favor of the constitution issued and distributed on the evening of the coup attempt) and denounced by King Juan Carlos I in a televised address. Meanwhile, promised military support for the coup failed to materialise – with few exceptions, most notably Jaime Milans del Bosch who led pro-coup troops in Valencia.<ref name=TelegraphObit/>

Post-premiershipEdit

File:ADOLFO SUAREZ 03.jpg

Former Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez in Buenos Aires, 1981.

In 1982, Suárez founded the Democratic and Social Centre (Centro Democrático y Social, CDS) party, which never achieved the success of UCD, though Suárez and its party were important elements in the Liberal International, joining it in 1988, leading to it being renamed Liberal and Progressive International, and Suárez became President of the Liberal International in 1988.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> He retired from active politics in 1991, for personal reasons.<ref name=GuardianObit/>

In 1981, Suárez was raised into the Spanish nobility by King Juan Carlos of Spain and given the hereditary title of "Duque de Suárez" (Duke of Suárez), together with the title Grande de España (English: Grandee of Spain) following his resignation as Prime Minister and in recognition of his role in the transition to democracy. Suárez was awarded the Príncipe de Asturias a la Concordia in September 1996 for his role in Spain's early democracy. On 8 June 2007, during the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the first democratic elections, King Juan Carlos appointed Suárez the 1,193rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.<ref>BOE 07-06-09, Spanish official journal. Retrieved 9 June 2007.</ref> He was also a member of the Club de Madrid, an independent organization (based in Madrid) that is composed of more than 80 former democratic Prime Ministers and Presidents. The group works to strengthen democratic governance and leadership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Illness and deathEdit

File:Lápida de los duques de Suárez.jpg

Suarez's grave in the cloister of Ávila Cathedral

On 31 May 2005, Suárez's son, Adolfo Suárez Illana, announced on Spanish television that his father was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The announcement followed speculation about Suárez's health in the Spanish media. On 21 March 2014, his son announced that his death from neurological deterioration was imminent.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Suárez then died as a result of a respiratory infection on 23 March 2014 in a clinic in Madrid.<ref>Fallece Adolfo Suárez, el presidente de la Transición, El Mundo, 23 March 2014</ref> Suarez was given a state funeral and was buried in the cloister of Ávila Cathedral.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Pope Francis shared his condolences, saying: "In fraternal suffrage with you all, I make fervent prayers to the Lord for the eternal rest of this esteemed and feature figure of the recent history of Spain."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 26 March 2014, the Spanish government decided to rename the Madrid-Barajas Airport to Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport in honour of his service to the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

FamilyEdit

File:Adolfo Suárez y su esposa, Amparo de Illana en el Palacio de la Moncloa. Pool Moncloa. 19 de septiembre de 1979.jpeg

Suárez and his wife, Amparo Illana, at the Palace of Moncloa in 1979

Suárez married María del Amparo Illana Elórtegui in 1961. She died from cancer on 17 May 2001.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Their eldest daughter, María del Amparo ("Mariam") Suárez Illana (1962–2004), died of breast cancer on 6 March 2004, following an 11-year illness.<ref name=cancer>Template:Cite news</ref> Both of her younger sisters also suffered from the same illness.<ref name=wilson/> She was the mother of two children, Alejandra Romero Suárez (born 1990), herself the current holder of her grandfather's dukedom, and Fernando Romero Suárez (born 1993).<ref name=cancer/>

Suarez' youngest daughter, María Sonsoles Suárez Illana (born 1967), became a TV news anchor for Antena 3. From 1992 to 1994 she was married to José María Martínez-Bordiú y Bassó de Roviralta (a nephew of Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, the son-in-law of Francisco Franco); the couple was without issue. In 2012 she married the Mozambican musician Paulo Wilson, and they separated in 2017.<ref name=wilson>Template:Cite news</ref>

Suárez's eldest son, Adolfo Suárez Illana, is a politician, lawyer, and is heavily involved with the world of bullfighting and has two sons. Suárez had two more children, his daughter Laura and his son Francisco Javier; both remain unmarried.

HonoursEdit

DecorationsEdit

NationalEdit

Template:Flag
- File:Order of the Golden Fleece ribbon bar.svg 1,193rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (8 June 2007).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

- File:Order of Charles III - Sash of Collar.svg Collar of the Order of Charles III (Posthumously) (24 March 2014).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

- File:ESP Charles III Order GC.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (23 June 1978).<ref>Boletín Oficial del Estado 78-06-23, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (29 September 1973).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 73-09-29, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:Order of Civil Merit (Spain) GC.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (18 July 1969).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 69-07-18, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:ESP Alfonso X Order GC.svg Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise (1 April 1970).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 71-04-05, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:ESP Alfonso X Order - Common.svg Commander's Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise (1 April 1967).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 67-04-01, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:ESP Gran Cruz Merito Naval (Distintivo Rojo) pasador.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Naval Merit (1 April 1972).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 72-04-01, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 24 March 2014)</ref>
- File:Orde del Cardenal Cisneros.gif Grand Cross of the Order of Cisneros (18 July 1972).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 72-07-18, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:Ordem-Yugo-Flechas.png Grand Cross of the Order of the Yoke and the Arrows (4 July 1975).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 75-07-04, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>
- File:ESP Gran Cruz Merito Militar (Distintivo Blanco) pasador.svg Grand Cross of the Military Merit with White Decoration (14 September 1970).<ref>Spanish: Boletín Oficial del Estado 70-09-15, Spanish Official Journal (accessed on 23 December 2011)</ref>

ForeignEdit

Template:Flag:
- File:PRT Order of Christ - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Christ (20 April 1978).<ref name="presidencia.pt">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

- File:PRT Order of Liberty - Grand Cross BAR.svg Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (22 February 1996).<ref name="presidencia.pt"/>

AwardsEdit

Gold Medal of Segovia (17 November 1969).<ref>Medalla de Oro de la provincia de Segovia concedida a su Alteza Real Don Juan de Borbón y Battenberg (1991). Segovia. Provincial Council of Segovia. Template:ISBN.</ref>
Gold Medal of Ávila (12 February 1981). Received on 9 June 2005.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Adopted Son of Ávila (12 February 1981). Received on 9 June 2005.<ref name="auto"/>
Alfonso X the Wise International Prize in Toledo (21 October 1994).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Gold Medal of Madrid (30 November 1995). Received on 10 November 1998.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Honorary Degree by the Complutense University of Madrid (28 May 1996).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Prince of Asturias Concord Award (13 September 1996).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Coexistence Award of Ceuta (30 April 1999).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>