Adipokine
Template:Short description The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, fat; {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, cell; and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling proteins) secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994.<ref name="pmid22038756">Template:Cite journal</ref> Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.<ref name="pmid22213627">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Members include:
- Leptin
- Adiponectin
- Apelin<ref>Guo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009; 34(4):142–154.</ref>
- chemerin<ref>MacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159–161</ref>
- interleukin-6 (IL-6)<ref>Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048–1054</ref>
- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)<ref>Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150</ref>
- plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
- retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
- tumor necrosis factor<ref name="pmid34650277">Template:Cite journal</ref>
- visfatin
- omentin
- vaspin (SERPINA12)
- progranulin
- CTRP-4
Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>