Akihabara

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}}Template:Main other Template:Nihongo is a neighborhood in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, generally considered to be the area surrounding Akihabara Station (nicknamed Akihabara Electric Town). This area is part of the Template:Nihongo and Kanda-Sakumachō districts of Chiyoda. There is an administrative district called Akihabara (part of Taitō ward), located north of Akihabara Electric Town surrounding Akihabara Neribei Park.

The name Akihabara is a shortening of Template:Nihongo, which comes from Template:Nihongo, named after a fire-controlling deity of a firefighting shrine built after the area was destroyed by a fire in 1869.<ref name="Cybriwsky">Cybriwsky, Roman. Historical dictionary of Tokyo.Scarecrow Press, 2011.</ref> Akihabara gained the nickname Template:Nihongo shortly after World War II for being a major shopping center for household electronic goods and the post-war black market.<ref name="Nobuoka">Nobuoka, Jakob. "User innovation and creative consumption in Japanese culture industries: The case of Akihabara, Tokyo." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 92.3 (2010): 205–218.</ref><ref name="Yamada">Yamada, Kazuhito. Entrepreneurship in Akihabara.</ref>

Akihabara is considered by many to be the centre of Japanese otaku culture, and is a major shopping district for video games, anime, manga, electronics and computer-related goods. Icons from popular anime and manga are displayed prominently on the shops in the area, and numerous maid cafés and some arcades are found throughout the district.

GeographyEdit

The main area of Akihabara is located on a street just west of Akihabara Station.<ref name="Nobuoka" /> There is an administrative district called Akihabara north of Akihabara Electric Town surrounding Akihabara Neribei Park. This district is part of Taitō ward.

HistoryEdit

File:Akihabara 1976.jpg

Akihabara in 1976

Akihabara was once near a city gate of Edo and served as a passage between the city and northwestern Japan. This made the region a home to many craftsmen and tradesmen, as well as some low-class samurai. One of Tokyo's frequent fires destroyed the area in 1869, and the people decided to replace the buildings of the area with a shrine called Chinkasha (now known as Akiba Shrine {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} Template:Transliteration, Template:Literally), in an attempt to prevent the spread of future fires. The locals nicknamed the shrine Akiba after the deity that could control fire, and the area around it became known as Akibagahara, later Akihabara.<ref name="Cybriwsky" /><ref name="Nobuoka" /> After Akihabara Station was built in 1888, the shrine was moved to the Taitō ward, where it resides today.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Since its opening in 1890, Akihabara Station became a major freight transit point, which allowed a vegetable and fruit market to spring up. In the 1920s, the station saw a large volume of passengers after opening for public transport. After World War II, the black market thrived in the absence of a strong government. This disconnection of Akihabara from government authority allowed the district to grow as a market city.<ref name="Yamada" /> In the 1950s, this climate turned Akihabara into a market region specializing in household electronics, such as washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, and stereos, earning Akihabara the nickname "Electric Town".<ref name="Nobuoka" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As household electronics began to lose their futuristic appeal in the 1980s, the shops of Akihabara shifted their focus to home computers, at a time when they were only used by specialists and hobbyists. This brought in a new type of consumer, computer nerds or otaku.<ref name="Nobuoka" /> The market in Akihabara latched onto their new customer base that was focused on anime, manga, and video games. The connection between Akihabara and otaku has grown to the point that the region is a center for otaku culture.<ref name="IMAI">IMAI, Nobuharu. "The Momentary and Placeless Community: Constructing a New Community with regards to Otaku Culture." Inter Faculty 1 (2010).</ref><ref name="CNNtTGG18">The ultimate geek's guide to Tokyo, CNN travel (18 December 2018)</ref>

Otaku cultureEdit

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The streets of Akihabara are covered with anime and manga icons, and cosplayers line the sidewalks handing out advertisements, especially for maid cafés. Release events, special events, and conventions are common in Akihabara. Architects design the stores of Akihabara to be opaque and closed, to reflect the desire of many otaku to live in their anime worlds rather than display their interests.<ref name="Nobuoka" /><ref name="Morikawa">Morikawa, Kaichiro. "Learning from Akihabara: The birth of a personapolis." Gentosha, Tokyo (2003).</ref>

Akihabara's role as a free market has allowed a large amount of amateur work to find an audience. Doujinshi (amateur or fanmade manga) has been growing in Akihabara since the 1970s.<ref name="Nobuoka"/>