Ali-Akbar Davar

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Ali-Akbar Dāvar (Template:Langx, also known as Mirza Ali-Akbar Khan-e Dāvar ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})‎; 1885 – 10 February 1937) was an Iranian politician and judge, and the founder of the modern judicial system of Iran.

Early life and educationEdit

Ali-Akbar Davar was born in 1885<ref name=irano>DĀVAR, ʿALĪ-AKBAR Iranica Online</ref><ref name=":0">Template:Cite book</ref> in Tehran. His father, Kalbali Khan Khazen al Khalvat, was a minor court official during the reign of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.<ref name=":0"/> In 1900, Davar enrolled in the élite school of Dar ul-Funun to study medicine;<ref name=":0"/> however, he changed his field of study to law and graduated from the University of Geneva receiving a degree in law in 1908.<ref name=":0"/><ref>Template:Cite thesis</ref>

Legal and Political CareerEdit

In 1909, he began his career in the judiciary in Iran as a judge in the provincial court.<ref name=":0" /> Davar rose the ranks quickly and in 1910 became the public prosecutor of Tehran.<ref name=":0" /> He then went on to obtain his law degree in Switzerland.Template:Citation needed<ref>In her radio presentation (2), Davar Ardalan (Ali-Akbar Dāvar's great-granddaughter) indicates that at age 24 Ali-Akbar Dāvar had been Prosecutor General of Tehran. Further, she mentions that rather than in Switzerland, as indicated in this biography, Dāvar studied law in Belgium.</ref> He returned to Iran in 1921 and founded the "Radical party of Iran" (Hezb-e Radical). He also founded the newspaper Mard-e Azad ("The Free Man") in which he published regular comments. He was elected to the 4th, 5th, and 6th Majles as the representative of Varamin from Tehran province and Lar from Fars province.

Along with contemporaries such as Abdolhossein Teymourtash and Farman Farmaian, Dāvar took a lead role among the politicians who voted for the abolition of the Qajar dynasty, opposing such parliamentarians as Sayyed Hasan Taqizadeh, Sayyed Hassan Modarres, Yahya Doulatabadi and Mohammad Mosaddegh. In 1925, Dāvar became the minister of commerce in the Foroughi Cabinet, and a year later was appointed minister of judicial affairs in the Cabinet of Mostowfi ol-Mamalek. In March 1926, with the approval of parliament, he dissolved Iran's entire judiciary, initiating a wave of fundamental restructuring and overhauling reforms with the aid of French judicial experts.

File:Ali Akbar Davar 1.jpg

The young Ali-Akbar Dāvar.

Iran's modern judicial system was born in April 1927 with 600 newly appointed judges in Tehran. Dāvar subsequently attempted to expand the new system into other cities of Iran through a programme involving training of 250 judges.

In December 1936, he proposed a bill to Majles that would seal a large contract with two American companies. The bill came under heavy protest from the British and the Russian governments, putting intense pressure on Dāvar's ministry.

DeathEdit

On 10 February 1937, Dāvar died and the news of his apparent suicide took the capital, Tehran, by storm. Rumors spread that two days earlier Dāvar had been in private severely reprimanded and threatened by Reza Shah. Some newspapers wrote that he had died of a heart attack, however others suggested that his death had been related to his proposed American bill to Majlis. Davar is said to have died by an overdose of opium.<ref name=irano/>

Four years before, in 1933, Reza Shah had arrested Davar's closest friend Teymourtash. Teymourtash died shortly afterward in prison. Many say he was killed by the prison's physician through lethal injection on orders of Reza Shah—a method widely used at the time.

LegacyEdit

Among Dāvar's many achievements are establishing Iran's "Bureau of Social Affairs" (Edareh-ye Sabt-e Ahval), introducing "The Law of Documentation Registration" (Qanun-e Sabt-e Asnad), "The Law of Property Registration" (Qanun-e Sabt-e Amlak), and "The Law of Marriage and Divorce" (Qanun-e Ezdevag va Talāq).

Dāvar also implemented some reforms as minister of finance in the Cabinet of Mohammad Ali Foroughi. He further established Iran's first state insurance company in the Cabinet of prime minister Mahmoud Djam, taking effective steps in saving the state from near bankruptcy by modifying the tax laws.

Dāvar is regarded as one of the most productive ministers during Iran's tumultuous years of the early 20th century, who made sweeping reforms to Iran's judicial system. In commemorating Dāvar, Reza Shah is said to have told members of the Judiciary: "Don't ever think that you can become as good as Dāvar, by merely sitting in his chair".<ref>Reza Shabani. (2005). Iranian History at a Glance, Alhoda UK. (Template:ISBN), «The Post-Islamic Era», p. 291.</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

Source used for this articleEdit

'Alí Rizā Awsatí (عليرضا اوسطى), Iran in the past three centuries (Irān dar Se Qarn-e Goz̲ashteh – ايران در سه قرن گذشته), Vol. 2 (Paktāb Publishing – انتشارات پاکتاب, Tehran, Iran, 2003). Template:ISBN.

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