Allium fistulosum
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Allium fistulosum, the Welsh onion, also commonly called bunching onion, long green onion, Japanese bunching onion, and spring onion, is a species of perennial plant, often considered to be a kind of scallion.
The species is very similar in taste and odor to the related common onion, Allium cepa, and hybrids between the two (tree onions) exist. A. fistulosum, however, does not develop bulbs, and its leaves and scapes are hollow (fistulosum means "hollow"). Larger varieties of A. fistulosum, such as the Japanese negi, resemble the leek, whilst smaller varieties resemble chives. A. fistulosum can multiply by forming perennial evergreen clumps.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="TKG">Template:Cite book</ref> It is also grown in a bunch as an ornamental plant.
NamesEdit
The common name "Welsh onion" does not refer to Wales; indeed, the plant is neither indigenous to Wales nor particularly common in Welsh cuisine (the green Allium common to Wales is the leek, A. ampeloprasum, the national vegetable of Wales<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>). Instead, it derives from a near-obsolete botanical use of "Welsh" in the sense "foreign, non-native", as the species is native to China, though cultivated in many places and naturalized in scattered locations throughout Eurasia and North America.<ref name="peggy">Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Historically, A. fistulosum was known as the cibol.<ref>Ward, A: The Encyclopedia of Food and Beverage Template:Webarchive, New York, 1911. Retrieved 5 January 2007.</ref> In Cornwall, they are known as chibols, and in the west of Scotland as sybows.<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref><ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Other names that may be applied to this plant include green onion, salad onion, and spring onion. These names are ambiguous, as they may also be used to refer to any young green onion stalk, whether grown from Welsh onions, common onions, or other similar members of the genus Allium (also see scallion).<ref>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref>
Culinary useEdit
A. fistulosum is an ingredient in Asian cuisine, especially in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is particularly important in China, Japan, and Korea, hence one of the English names for this plant, Japanese bunching onion.<ref name="m-botany">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the West, A. fistulosum is primarily used as a scallion or salad onion, but is more widely used in other parts of the world, particularly East Asia.<ref name="Rabinowitch 18">Template:Cite book</ref>
ChinaEdit
In China, it is often used in scallion pancakes, and as a garnish for a variety of dishes. It is also mixed with meat, into shumai dumplings or pearl meatballs.
- Spring onion pancake 2013.JPG
- Cong zhua bing.jpg
- HK 佐敦 Jordan 彌敦道 219 Nathan Road 莊士倫敦廣場 Chuang's Jordan Plaza shop 新新酒樓 Sun Sun Restaurant food 豉油 熟油 薑蔥 蒸魚 Streamed fish December 2021 SS2 01.jpg
Scallion on steamed fish
- SZ 深圳 Shenzhen 鹽田 Yantian 深鹽路 Shenyan Road 壹海城道 One City Blvd Mall 清真蘭州牛肉麵 Qingzhen Lanzhou Beef Noodle Restaurant July 2023 Px3 09.jpg
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Garnish for Peking Duck
JapanEdit
The Japanese name is negi (葱), which can also refer to other plants of the genus Allium, or more specifically naganegi (長葱), meaning "long onion". Common onions were introduced to East Asia in the 19th century, but A. fistulosum remains more popular and widespread.<ref name="Rabinowitch 18" /> It is used in miso soup, negimaki (beef and scallion rolls),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> among other dishes, and it is in wide use as a sliced garnish, such as on teriyaki or takoyaki.Template:Citation needed
- Shinpuku Saikan Akihabara - Ramen (2022-01-15 11.50.47 by nakashi).jpg
Ramen noodles with negi
- Negitama gyudon, at Sukiya (2013.06.09).jpg
Gyūdon with negi and raw egg
- Natto, with welsh onion and karashi by yoppy.jpg
Nattō topped with negi
- 魚太郎半田店 20241027 1744-2.jpg
Sushi with negi sprouts
KoreaEdit
Template:Redirect Template:See also In Korea, A. fistulosum along with A. × proliferum is called pa ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "scallion"), while common onions are called yangpa ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "Western scallion"). Larger varieties, looking similar to leek and sometimes referred to as "Asian leek", are called daepa ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "big scallion"), while the thinner early variety is called silpa ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, "thread scallion"). A similar scallion plant, A. × wakegi (now considered a synonym of A. × proliferum), is called jjokpa ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}}). Both daepa and silpa are usually used as a spice, herb, or garnish in Korean cuisine. The white part of daepa is often used as the flavour base for various broths and infused oil, while the green part of silpa is preferred as garnish. Dishes using daepa include pa-jangajji (pickled scallions), pa-mandu (scallion dumplings), pa-sanjeok (skewered beef and scallions), and padak (scallion chicken), which is a variety of Korean fried chicken topped with shredded raw daepa. Dishes using silpa include pa-namul (seasoned scallions), pa-jangguk (scallion beef-broth soup), and pa-ganghoe (parboiled scallion rolls) where silpa is used as a ribbon that bundles other ingredients.Template:Citation needed
- Daepa (Allium fistulosum).jpg
Thick daepa type
- Silpa (Allium fistulosum).jpg
Thin silpa type
- Scallion kimchi.jpg
Scallion kimchi
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Pa-namul (seasoned blanched scallions)
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Pa-muchim (seasoned shredded scallions) eaten with samgyeopsal (grilled pork belly)
- Pa-sanjeok.png
Pa-sanjeok (skewered beef and scallions)
RussiaEdit
A. fistulosum is used in Russia in the spring for adding green leaves to salads.Template:Citation needed
JamaicaEdit
Known as escallion,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A. fistulosum is an ingredient in Jamaican cuisine, in combination with thyme, Scotch bonnet pepper, garlic, and allspice (called pimento). Recipes with escallion sometimes suggest leek as a substitute in salads. Jamaican dried spice mixtures using escallion are available commercially.Template:Citation needed
The Jamaican name is probably a variant of scallion, the term used loosely for the spring onion and various other plants in the genus Allium.Template:Citation needed
NutritionEdit
GalleryEdit
- Allium fistulosum Ypey26.jpg
A. fistulosum
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Grown in Guizhou, China
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Flower
- Allium fistulosum MHNT.BOT.2011.3.23.jpg
A. fistulosum – MHNT
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
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