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Arundhati Roy

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Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Pp-blp Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox writer Suzanna Arundhati Roy ({{#invoke:IPA|main}}; born 24 November 1961)<ref name=britannica>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of Small Things (1997), which won the Booker Prize for Fiction in 1997 and became the best-selling book by a non-expatriate Indian author.<ref name=britannica /> She is also a political activist involved in human rights and environmental causes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was the winner of the 2024 PEN Pinter Prize, given by English PEN,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and she named imprisoned British-Egyptian writer and activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah as the "Writer of Courage" with whom she chose to share the award.<ref name="Bookseller Spanoudi">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Suzanna Arundhati Roy was born on 24 November, 1961 in Shillong in Undivided Assam (now in Meghalaya) into a Christian family,<ref name="loc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to parents Mary Roy, a Malayali Jacobite Syrian Christian women's rights activist from Kerala and Rajib Roy, a Bengali Christian<ref name = 'DDey'>Template:Cite news</ref> tea plantation manager from Kolkata, West Bengal.<ref name="nyt">Deb, Siddhartha (5 March 2014), "Arundhati Roy, the Not-So-Reluctant Renegade", The New York Times. Accessed 5 March 2014. Template:Webarchive".</ref> In September 2020, Roy denied false rumors about her being a Brahmin by caste.<ref name = 'DDey' />

When she was two years old, her parents divorced and she returned to Kerala with her mother and brother.<ref name="nyt"/> For some time, the family lived with Roy's maternal grandfather in Ooty, Tamil Nadu. When she was five, the family moved back to Kerala, where her mother started a school.<ref name="nyt"/>

Roy attended school at Corpus Christi in Kottayam, Kerala, followed by the Lawrence School in Lovedale, Tamil Nadu. She reads, writes, and speaks English, Hindi, and Malayalam.<ref name="Pulse Connects">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Roy then studied architecture at the School of Planning and Architecture in New Delhi, where she met architect Gerard da Cunha. They married in 1978 and lived in Delhi and then Goa before divorcing in 1982.<ref name="pel"/><ref name="elm"/><ref name="nyt"/>

Roy returned to Delhi, where she obtained a position with the National Institute of Urban Affairs.<ref name="nyt"/>

CareerEdit

Early career: screenplaysEdit

Early in her career, Roy worked in television and movies. She starred in Massey Sahib in 1985. She wrote the screenplays for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989), a movie based on her experiences as a student of architecture, in which she also appeared as a performer, and Electric Moon (1992).<ref name="arun1">"Arundhati Roy, Author-Activist" Template:Webarchive, India Today. Retrieved 16 June 2013</ref> Both were directed by her husband, Pradip Krishen, during their marriage. Roy won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay in 1988 for In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones.<ref name=" national award">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She attracted attention in 1994 when she criticised Shekhar Kapur's film Bandit Queen, which was based on the life of Phoolan Devi.<ref name="arun1"/> In her film review titled "The Great Indian Rape Trick", Roy questioned the right to "restage the rape of a living woman without her permission", and charged Kapur with exploiting Devi and misrepresenting both her life and its meaning.<ref>The Great Indian Rape-Trick Template:Webarchive @ SAWNET -The South Asian Women's NETwork. Retrieved 25 November 2011.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="live">Template:Cite news</ref>

The God of Small ThingsEdit

Roy began writing her first novel, The God of Small Things, in 1992, completing it in 1996.<ref name="social">Template:Cite book</ref> The book is semi-autobiographical and a major part captures her childhood experiences in Aymanam.<ref name="loc"/>

The publication of The God of Small Things catapulted Roy to international fame. It received the 1997 Booker Prize for Fiction and was listed as one of The New York Times Notable Books of the Year.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> It reached fourth position on The New York Times Bestsellers list for Independent Fiction.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From the beginning, the book was also a commercial success: Roy received a publishing advance of half a million pounds.<ref name="live"/> It was published in May, and the book had been sold in 18 countries by the end of June.<ref name="social"/>

The God of Small Things received very favorable reviews in major American newspapers such as The New York Times (a "dazzling first novel",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> "extraordinary", "at once so morally strenuous and so imaginatively supple"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>) and the Los Angeles Times ("a novel of poignancy and considerable sweep"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>), and in Canadian publications such as the Toronto Star ("a lush, magical novel"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>). It was one of the five best books of 1997 according to Time.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Critical response in the United Kingdom was less favorable, and the awarding of the Booker Prize caused controversy; Carmen Callil, a 1996 Booker Prize judge, called the novel "execrable" and a Guardian journalist called the contest "profoundly depressing".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In India, E. K. Nayanar,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> then the chief minister of Roy's home state of Kerala, especially criticised the book's unrestrained description of sexuality, and she had to answer charges of obscenity.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Later careerEdit

Since the success of her novel, Roy has written a television serial, The Banyan Tree,<ref>Sanghvi, Vir, "I think from a very early age, I was determined to negotiate with the world on my own", The Rediff Special. Retrieved 18 April 2012. Template:Webarchive.</ref> and the documentary DAM/AGE: A Film with Arundhati Roy (2002).

In early 2007, Roy said she was working on a second novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.<ref name="live"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Arundhati Roy, Man Booker Prize winner.jpg
Roy, Man Booker Prize winner

Roy contributed to We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, a book released in 2009<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> that explores the culture of peoples around the world, portraying their diversity and the threats to their existence. The royalties from the sale of this book go to the indigenous rights organisation Survival International.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Roy has written numerous essays on contemporary politics and culture. In 2014, they were collected by Penguin India in a five-volume set.<ref name="nyt"/> In 2019, her nonfiction was collected in a single volume, My Seditious Heart, published by Haymarket Books.<ref>Roy, Arundhati (2019), My Seditious Heart: Collected Nonfiction, Haymarket Books.</ref>

In October 2016, Penguin India and Hamish Hamilton UK announced that they would publish her second novel, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, in June 2017.<ref>"Arundhati Roy announces second book after 19 yrs; to release in June 2017", Hindustan Times. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016. Template:Webarchive.</ref> The novel was chosen for the Man Booker Prize 2017 longlist,<ref>Book Depository Retrieved 27 July 2017. Template:Webarchive</ref> and was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction in January 2018.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

InfluencesEdit

Roy cites William Shakespeare, Rudyard Kipling, James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Maya Angelou, John Berger, James Joyce, Vladimir Nabokov, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez as influences and has said, "I’m grateful for the lessons one learns from great writers, but also from imperialists, sexists, friends, lovers, oppressors, revolutionaries—everybody. Everybody has something to teach a writer".<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref name="the week">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

AdvocacyEdit

Since publishing The God of Small Things in 1997, Roy has spent most of her time on political activism and nonfiction (such as collections of essays about social causes). She is a spokesperson of the anti-globalization/alter-globalization movement and a vehement critic of neo-imperialism and U.S. foreign policy. She opposes India's policies toward nuclear weapons as well as industrialization and economic growth (which she describes as "encrypted with genocidal potential" in Listening to Grasshoppers: Field Notes on Democracy).<ref name=necessary>Template:Cite news</ref> She has also questioned the conduct of the Indian police and administration in the case of the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the Batla House encounter case, contending that the country has had a "shadowy history of suspicious terror attacks, murky investigations, and fake encounters".<ref name=":1" />

Support for Kashmiri separatismEdit

In an August 2008 interview with The Times of India, Roy expressed her support for the independence of Kashmir from India after the massive demonstrations in 2008 in favour of independence took place—some 500,000 people rallied in Srinagar in the Kashmir part of Jammu and Kashmir state of India for independence on 18 August 2008, following the Amarnath land transfer controversy.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> According to her, the rallies were a sign that Kashmiris desired secession from India, and not union with India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was criticised by the Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party for her remarks.<ref name="ectimes20808">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="sm"/>

All India Congress Committee member and senior Congress party leader Satya Prakash Malaviya asked Roy to withdraw her "irresponsible" statement, saying that it was "contrary to historical facts".<ref name=sm>Template:Cite news</ref>

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Sardar Sarovar ProjectEdit

Roy has campaigned along with activist Medha Patkar against the Narmada dam project, saying that the dam will displace half a million people with little or no compensation, and will not provide the projected irrigation, drinking water, and other benefits.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Roy donated her Booker prize money, as well as royalties from her books on the project, to the Narmada Bachao Andolan. Roy also appears in Franny Armstrong's Drowned Out, a 2002 documentary about the project.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/{{#if: 0424055 

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In 2002, Roy responded to a contempt notice issued against her by the Supreme Court of India with an affidavit saying that the court's decision to initiate contempt proceedings based on an unsubstantiated and flawed petition, while refusing to inquire into allegations of corruption in military contracting deals pleading an overload of cases, indicated a "disquieting inclination" to silence criticism and dissent using the power of contempt.<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cite news</ref> The court found Roy's statement, which she refused to disavow or apologise for, constituted criminal contempt, sentenced her to a "symbolic" one day's imprisonment, and fined her Template:Indian Rupee2500.<ref>Template:Cite court</ref> Roy served the jail sentence and paid the fine rather than serve an additional three months for default.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Environmental historian Ramachandra Guha has been critical of Roy's Narmada dam activism. While acknowledging her "courage and commitment" to the cause, Guha writes that her advocacy is hyperbolic and self-indulgent,<ref>Guha, Ramachandra, Template:Usurped, The Hindu, 26 November 2000.</ref> and that "Ms. Roy's tendency to exaggerate and simplify, her Manichaean view of the world, and her shrill hectoring tone, have given a bad name to environmental analysis".<ref>Guha, Ramachandra (17 December 2000), "Perils of extremism", The Hindu. Template:Webarchive.</ref> He faulted Roy's criticism of Supreme Court judges who were hearing a petition brought by the Narmada Bachao Andolan as careless and irresponsible.

Roy counters that her writing is intentional in its passionate, hysterical tone: "I am hysterical. I'm screaming from the bloody rooftops. And he and his smug little club are going 'Shhhh... you'll wake the neighbours!' I want to wake the neighbours, that's my whole point. I want everybody to open their eyes".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Gail Omvedt and Roy have had fierce yet constructive discussions in open letters on Roy's strategy for the Narmada Dam movement. The activists disagree on whether to demand stopping the dam building altogether (Roy) or search for intermediate alternatives (Omvedt).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

US foreign policy, war in AfghanistanEdit

File:Arundhati Roy 3.jpg
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In a September 2001 opinion piece in The Guardian titled "The algebra of infinite justice", Roy responded to the U.S. military invasion of Afghanistan, finding fault with the argument that this war would be a retaliation for the September 11 attacks: "The bombing of Afghanistan is not revenge for New York and Washington. It is yet another act of terror against the people of the world." According to her, U.S. president George W. Bush and UK prime minister Tony Blair were guilty of Orwellian doublethink:

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When he announced the air strikes, President George Bush said: "We're a peaceful nation." America's favourite ambassador, Tony Blair, (who also holds the portfolio of prime minister of the UK), echoed him: "We're a peaceful people." So now we know. Pigs are horses. Girls are boys. War is peace.{{#if:|{{#if:|}}

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In the final analysis, Roy sees American-style capitalism as the culprit:

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She puts the attacks on the World Trade Center and on Afghanistan on the same moral level, that of terrorism, and mourns the impossibility of beauty after 2001: "Will it be possible ever again to watch the slow, amazed blink of a newborn gecko in the sun, or whisper back to the marmot who has just whispered in your ear—without thinking of the World Trade Centre and Afghanistan?"<ref name="brutality">Template:Cite news</ref>

In May 2003, she delivered a speech titled "Instant-Mix Imperial Democracy (Buy One, Get One Free)" at Riverside Church in New York City, in which she described the United States as a global empire that reserves the right to bomb any of its subjects at any time, deriving its legitimacy directly from God. The speech was an indictment of the U.S. actions relating to the Iraq War.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In June 2005, she took part in the World Tribunal on Iraq, and in March 2006 she criticised President George W. Bush's visit to India, calling him a "war criminal".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

India's nuclear weaponryEdit

In response to India's testing of nuclear weapons in Pokhran, Rajasthan, Roy wrote The End of Imagination (1998), a critique of the Indian government's nuclear policies. It was published in her collection The Cost of Living (1999), in which she also crusaded against India's massive hydroelectric dam projects in the central and western states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.

IsraelEdit

In August 2006, Roy, along with Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn and others, signed a letter in The Guardian calling the 2006 Lebanon War a "war crime" and accusing Israel of "state terror".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2007, Roy was one of more than 100 artists and writers who signed an open letter initiated by Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism and the South West Asian, North African Bay Area Queers calling on the San Francisco International LGBT Film Festival "to honor calls for an international boycott of Israeli political and cultural institutions, by discontinuing Israeli consulate sponsorship of the LGBT film festival and not cosponsoring events with the Israeli consulate".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, she defended Hamas's rocket attacks, citing Palestinians' right to resistance.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In December 2023, during Israel's bombing campaign in Gaza, Roy said: "If we say nothing about Israel's brazen slaughter of Palestinians, even as it is live-streamed into the most private recesses of our personal lives, we are complicit in it."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In October 2024, Roy and thousands of other writers signed an open letter pledging to boycott Israeli cultural institutions.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

2001 Indian parliament attackEdit

Roy has raised questions about the investigation into the 2001 Indian Parliament attack and the trial of the accused. According to her, Mohammad Afzal Guru was being scapegoated. She pointed to irregularities in the judicial and investigative process in the case and maintains that the case remains unsolved.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In her book about Guru's hanging, she suggests that there is evidence of state complicity in the terrorist attack.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an editorial in The Hindu, journalist Praveen Swami wrote that Roy's evidence of state complicity was "cherry-picked for polemical effect".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Roy also called for Guru's death sentence to be stayed while a parliamentary enquiry into these questions was conducted, and denounced press coverage of the trial.<ref>Roy, Arundhati (30 October 2006), "And His Life Should Become Extinct", Outlook. Template:Webarchive.</ref> BJP spokesperson Prakash Javadekar criticised Roy for calling Afzal a "prisoner of war" and called her a "prisoner of her own dogma".<ref name=ibn>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Afzal was hanged in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Roy called the hanging "a stain on India's democracy".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Muthanga incidentEdit

In 2003, the Adivasi Gothra Maha Sabha, a social movement for Adivasi land rights in Kerala, organised a major land occupation of a piece of land of a former Eucalyptus plantation in the Muthanga Wildlife Reserve, on the border of Kerala and Karnataka. After 48 days, a police force was sent into the area to evict the occupants. One participant of the movement and a policeman were killed, and the leaders of the movement were arrested. Roy travelled to the area, visited the movement's leaders in jail, and wrote an open letter to the then Chief Minister of Kerala, A. K. Antony, saying: "You have blood on your hands."<ref name="frontline">Template:Cite news</ref>

Comments on 2008 Mumbai attacksEdit

In an opinion piece for The Guardian in December 2008, Roy argued that the 2008 Mumbai attacks cannot be seen in isolation, but must be understood in the context of wider issues in the region's history and society such as widespread poverty, the Partition of India ("Britain's final, parting kick to us"), the atrocities committed during the 2002 Gujarat violence, and the ongoing Kashmir conflict. Despite this call for context, Roy stated in the article that she believes "nothing can justify terrorism", and calls terrorism "a heartless ideology". Roy warned against war with Pakistan, arguing that it is hard to "pin down the provenance of a terrorist strike and isolate it within the borders of a single nation state", and that war could lead to the "descent of the whole region into chaos".<ref name=":1">Template:Cite news</ref> Salman Rushdie and others strongly criticised her remarks and condemned her for linking the Mumbai attacks with Kashmir and economic injustice against Muslims in India;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Rushdie criticised Roy for attacking the iconic status of the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Indian writer Tavleen Singh called Roy's comments "the latest of her series of hysterical diatribes against India and all things Indian".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Criticism of Sri Lankan governmentEdit

In an opinion piece in The Guardian, Roy pleaded for international attention to what she called a possible government-sponsored genocide of Tamils in Sri Lanka. She cited reports of camps into which Tamils were being herded as part of what she called "a brazen, openly racist war".<ref name="guardian1">Template:Cite news</ref> She also said that the "Government of Sri Lanka is on the verge of committing what could end up being genocide"<ref name="guardian1"/> and described the Sri Lankan IDP camps where Tamil civilians are being held as concentration camps. The Sri Lankan writer Ruvani Freeman called Roy's remarks "ill-informed and hypocritical" and criticised her for "whitewashing the atrocities of the LTTE".<ref>"Lankan writer slams Arundhati Roy" Template:Webarchive, The Indian Express, 4 April 2009.</ref> Roy has said of such accusations: "I cannot admire those whose vision can only accommodate justice for their own and not for everybody. However, I do believe that the LTTE and its fetish for violence was cultured in the crucible of monstrous, racist, injustice that the Sri Lankan government and to a great extent Sinhala society visited on the Tamil people for decades".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Views on the NaxalitesEdit

Roy has criticised the Indian government's armed actions against the Naxalite-Maoist insurgency in India, calling it "war on the poorest people in the country". According to her, the government has "abdicated its responsibility to the people"<ref name="Thapar">Karan Thapar, "India is a corporate, Hindu state: Arundhati" Template:Webarchive, CNN-IBN, 12 September 2010.</ref> and launched the offensive against Naxals to aid the corporations with whom it has signed Memoranda of Understanding.<ref>"Govt at war with Naxals to aid MNCs: Arundhati" Template:Webarchive, IBNLive, 21 October 2009.</ref> While she has received support from various quarters for her views,<ref>Amulya Ganguli, "Rooting for rebels" Template:Webarchive, 11 May 2010. DNA India.</ref> Roy's description of the Maoists as "Gandhians" raised a controversy.<ref>"Walking With The Comrades" Template:Webarchive, Outlook cover story, 29 March 2010.</ref><ref>"Cops shouldn't have used public bus: Arundhati" Template:Webarchive, The Times of India, 19 May 2010.</ref> In other statements, she has described Naxalites as patriots "of a kind"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> who are "fighting to implement the Constitution, (while) the government is vandalising it".<ref name="Thapar"/>

File:Arundhati Roy delivering a talk on “The Doctor and The Saint- The Ambedkar-Gandhi Debate,” JMI.jpg
Roy at the Jamia Millia Islamia in March 2014

Sedition chargesEdit

In November 2010, Roy, Syed Ali Shah Geelani, and five others were brought up on charges of sedition by the Delhi Police. The filing of the First Information Report came following a directive from a local court on a petition filed by Sushil Pandit, who alleged that Geelani and Roy had made anti-India speeches at a conference on "Azadi-the Only Way" on 21 October 2010. Roy's words were that "Kashmir has never been an integral part of India. It is a historical fact. Even the Indian government has accepted this."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=HTsed>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A Delhi city court directed the police to respond to the demand for a criminal case after the central government declined to charge Roy, saying that the charges were inappropriate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Criticism of Anna HazareEdit

On 21 August 2011, at the height of Anna Hazare's anti-corruption campaign, Roy criticised Hazare and his movement in an opinion piece published in The Hindu.<ref>Roy, Arundhati (21 August 2011), "I'd rather not be Anna", The Hindu. Retrieved 18 June 2012. Template:Webarchive.</ref> In the article, she questioned Hazare's secular credentials, pointing out the campaign's corporate backing, its suspicious timing, Hazare's silence on private-sector corruption, expressing her fear that the Lokpal will only end up creating "two oligarchies, instead of just one". She stated that while "his means may be Gandhian, his demands are certainly not", and alleged that by "demonising only the Government they" are preparing to call for "more privatisation, more access to public infrastructure and India's natural resources", adding that it "may not be long before Corporate Corruption is made legal and renamed a Lobbying Fee". Roy also accused the electronic media of blowing the campaign out of proportion. In an interview with Kindle Magazine, Roy pointed out the role of media hype and target audience in determining how well hunger strikes "work as a tool of political mobilization" by noting the disparity in the attention Hazare's fast has received in contrast to the decade-long fast of Irom Sharmila "to demand the repealing of a law that allows non-commissioned officers to kill on suspicion—a law that has led to so much suffering."<ref name="Kejriwal">Template:Cite news</ref> Roy's comparison of the Jan Lokpal Bill with the Maoists, claiming both sought "the overthrow of the Indian State", met with resentment from members of Team Anna. Medha Patkar reacted sharply calling Roy's comments "highly misplaced" and chose to emphasise the "peaceful, non-violent" nature of the movement.<ref>Mukherjee, Vishwajoy (22 August 2011). "We Are Not Like the Maoists: Medha Patkar". Tehelka. Retrieved 29 August 2011.</ref> Roy also has stated that "an 'anti-corruption' campaign is a catch-all campaign. It includes everybody from the extreme left to the extreme right and also the extremely corrupt. No one's going to say they are for corruption after all...I'm not against a strong anti-corruption bill, but corruption is just a manifestation of a problem, not the problem itself."<ref name="Kejriwal"/>

Views on Narendra ModiEdit

In 2013, Roy called Narendra Modi's nomination as prime minister a "tragedy". She said business houses were supporting his candidacy because he was the "most militaristic and aggressive" candidate.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She has argued that Modi has control over India to a degree unrecognized by most people in the Western world: "He is the system. He has the backing of the media. He has the backing of the army, the courts, a majoritarian popular voteTemplate:Nbsp... Every institution has fallen in line." She has expressed deep despair for the future, calling Modi's long-term plans for a highly centralized Hindu state "suicidal" for the multicultural subcontinent.<ref>Archived at GhostarchiveTemplate:Cbignore and the Wayback MachineTemplate:Cbignore: Template:Cite AV mediaTemplate:Cbignore</ref> On 28 April 2021, The Guardian published an article by Roy describing the Indian government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic as a "crime against humanity",<ref name="Roy 2021">Template:Cite news</ref> in which The Washington Post said Roy "slammed Modi for his handling of the pandemic".<ref name="Cunningham 2021">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Slater 2021">Template:Cite news</ref> Roy's op-ed was also published in The Wire<ref name="Cunningham 2021"/> with the title "It's Not Enough to Say the Govt Has Failed. We Are Witnessing a Crime Against Humanity."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Remarks about National RegistersEdit

On 25 December 2019, while speaking at Delhi University, Roy urged people to mislead authorities during the upcoming enumeration by the National Population Register, which she said can serve as a database for the National Register of Citizens.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The remarks were criticized by the Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A complaint against her was registered at Tilak Marg police station, Delhi, under sections 295A, 504, 153 and 120B of the Indian Penal Code.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Roy responded, "What I was proposing was civil disobedience with a smile", and claimed that her remarks were misrepresented.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and recognitionEdit

Roy was awarded the 1997 Booker Prize for her novel The God of Small Things. The award carried a prize of approximately US$30,000<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a citation that noted, "The book keeps all the promises that it makes".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Roy donated the prize money she received, as well as royalties from her book, to human rights causes. Prior to the Booker, Roy won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay in 1989, for the screenplay of In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones, in which she captured the anguish among the students prevailing in professional institutions.<ref name="national award"/> In 2015, she returned the national award in protest against religious intolerance and the growing violence by rightwing groups in India.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2002, she won the Lannan Foundation's Cultural Freedom Award for her work "about civil societies that are adversely affected by the world's most powerful governments and corporations", in order "to celebrate her life and her ongoing work in the struggle for freedom, justice and cultural diversity".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2003, she was awarded "special recognition" as a Woman of Peace at the Global Exchange Human Rights Awards in San Francisco with Bianca Jagger, Barbara Lee, and Kathy Kelly.

Roy was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize in May 2004 for her work in social campaigns and her advocacy of non-violence.<ref>Bhandari, Neena (29 May 2004), "Arundhati Roy gets Sydney Peace Prize", Outlook, Retrieved 1 April 2012. Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Roy, Arundhati (8 November 2004), "Peace?...", Outlook, Retrieved 1 April 2012. Template:Webarchive.</ref> That same year she was awarded the Orwell Award, along with Seymour Hersh, by the National Council of Teachers of English.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In January 2006, she was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award, a national award from India's Academy of Letters, for her collection of essays on contemporary issues, The Algebra of Infinite Justice, but she declined to accept it "in protest against the Indian Government toeing the US line by 'violently and ruthlessly pursuing policies of brutalisation of industrial workers, increasing militarisation and economic neo-liberalisationTemplate:'".<ref>"Sahitya Akademi Award: Arundhati Roy Rejects Honor", Deccan Herald, 16 January 2006. Template:Webarchive.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news Template:Webarchive.</ref>

In November 2011, she was awarded the Norman Mailer Prize for Distinguished Writing.<ref>"From Norman Mailer to Arundhati Roy". Hamish Hamilton. Retrieved 13 December 2015). Template:Webarchive.</ref>

Roy was featured in the 2014 list of Time 100, the 100 most influential people in the world.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

St. Louis University gave Roy the 2022 St. Louis Literary Award, granted to the "most important writers of our time" to celebrate "the contributions of literature in enriching our lives".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The award ceremony was on 28 April 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2023, Roy received the lifetime achievement award at the 45th European Essay Prize for the French translation of her book Azadi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In June 2024, Roy was announced as winner of the annual PEN Pinter Prize, given by human rights organization English PEN to a writer who, in the words of late playwright Harold Pinter, casts an "unflinching, unswerving" gaze on the world and shows "fierce intellectual determination ... to define the real truth of our lives and our societies".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> English PEN chair Ruth Borthwick said Roy tells "urgent stories of injustice with wit and beauty".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In August 2024, Roy and Toomaj Salehi shared the Disturbing the Peace Award, a recognition the Vaclav Havel Center accords to courageous writers at risk. The award committee chair, Bill Shipsey, called them "wonderful exemplars of the spirit of Václav Havel".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 10 October 2024, Roy named imprisoned British-Egyptian activist Alaa Abd El-Fattah as the international "writer of courage" with whom she chose to share the 2024 PEN Pinter Prize, announced at a ceremony at the British Library, where Roy delivered her acceptance speech.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Author and journalist Naomi Klein also spoke, praising Roy's and Abd El-Fattah's work, and Lina Attalah, editor-in-chief of independent online Egyptian newspaper Mada Masr, accepted the award on Abd El-Fattah's behalf.<ref name="Bookseller Spanoudi" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

In 1984, Roy met independent filmmaker Pradip Krishen, who offered her a role as a goatherd in his award-winning movie Massey Sahib.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/{{#if: 0234211 

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| Q21191270 | Q21664088 | Q50062923 | Q50914552 | Q99079902 | Q123186929 | Q55422400 | Q61220733 =Template:Preview warning | Q3464665 =Template:Preview warning }}{{#ifeq: Template:Wikidata | Q21191270 |Template:Preview warning }}{{#if: 0234211 | Template:WikidataCheck }}</ref> They married the same year. They collaborated on a television series about India's independence movement and on two films, In Which Annie Gives It Those Ones (1989) and Electric Moon (1992).<ref name="nyt"/> Disenchanted with the film world, Roy experimented with various fields, including running aerobics classes. Roy and Krishen are still married but live separately.<ref name="elm"/><ref name="pel"/><ref name="nyt"/>

Roy is a cousin of prominent media personality Prannoy Roy, former head of the Indian television media group NDTV.<ref name="toi">Template:Cite news</ref> She lives in Delhi.<ref name="nyt"/>

BibliographyEdit

FictionEdit

No. Title Publisher Year ISBN
1 The God of Small Things Flamingo 1997 Template:ISBNT
2 The Ministry of Utmost Happiness Hamish Hamilton 2017 Template:ISBNT

Non-fictionEdit

No. Title Publisher Year ISBN
1 The End of Imagination Kottayam: D.C. Books 1998 Template:ISBNT
2 The Cost of Living Flamingo 1999 Template:ISBNT
3 The Greater Common Good Bombay: India Book Distributor 1999 Template:ISBNT
4 The Algebra of Infinite Justice Flamingo 2002 Template:ISBNT
5 Power Politics Cambridge: South End Press 2002 Template:ISBNT
6 War Talk Cambridge: South End Press 2003 Template:ISBNT
7 An Ordinary Person's Guide To Empire Consortium 2004 Template:ISBNT
8 Public Power in the Age of Empire New York: Seven Stories Press 2004 Template:ISBNT
9 The Checkbook and the Cruise Missile: Conversations with Arundhati Roy (Interviews by David Barsamian) Cambridge: South End Press 2004 Template:ISBNT
10 The Shape of the Beast: Conversations with Arundhati Roy New Delhi: Penguin 2008 Template:ISBNT
11 Listening to Grasshoppers: Field Notes on Democracy New Delhi: Penguin 2010 Template:ISBNT
12 Broken Republic: Three Essays New Delhi: Hamish Hamilton 2011 Template:ISBNT
13 Walking with the Comrades New Delhi: Penguin 2011 Template:ISBNT
14 Kashmir: The Case for Freedom Verso Books 2011 Template:ISBNT
15 The Hanging of Afzal Guru and the Strange Case of the Attack on the Indian Parliament New Delhi: Penguin 2013 Template:ISBNT
16 Capitalism: A Ghost Story Chicago: Haymarket Books 2014 Template:ISBNT<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
17 Things that Can and Cannot Be Said: Essays and Conversations (with John Cusack) Chicago: Haymarket Books 2016 Template:ISBNT
18 The Doctor and the Saint: Caste, Race, and Annihilation of Caste

(The Debate Between B. R. Ambedkar and M. K. Gandhi)

Chicago: Haymarket Books 2017 Template:ISBNT
19 My Seditious Heart: Collected Non-Fiction Chicago: Haymarket Books 2019 Template:ISBNT
20 Azadi: Freedom, Fascism, Fiction Haymarket Books 2020 Template:ISBNT

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

Further readingEdit

Books and articles on RoyEdit

OtherEdit

External linksEdit

Template:Sister project Template:Sister project Template:Sister project links 

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Interviews and speeches

Template:Man Booker Prize Winners Template:NationalFilmAwardBestScreenplay Template:Sahitya Akademi Award winners for English Template:Footer Sydney Peace Prize laureates Template:Orwell Award recipients Template:Authority control Template:Portal bar

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