Baddeck
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Baddeck (Template:IPAc-en) is a village on Cape Breton Island in northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It is situated in the center of Cape Breton, approximately 6 km east of where the Baddeck River empties into Bras d'Or Lake.
Baddeck is the shire-town of the Municipality of Victoria County, with an elected village commission having limited authority over water, sewer, side streets and some bylaws. The population was 818 in the 2021 Census of Population.
The area was first occupied by Mi'kmaq people and later settled by United Empire Loyalists and Scottish Gaels in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The area prospered in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a service and shipping center for surrounding mining, trapping, fishing, forestry, and farming actvities.<ref name="tce">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Today the economy depends on services, cultural activities, and tourism.
ToponymyEdit
Baddeck is a Mi'kmaq language place name.<ref name="kemp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The French called it La Bedeque, while Canadian Gaelic speakers called it Badaig.<ref name="kemp"/> Its original name, Apatakwitk, has been variously reported as meaning "reversing flow",<ref name="kemp"/> "place with island near" (a likely reference to Kidston Island),<ref name="visitbaddeck">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> "a portion of food set aside for someone", or "a sultry place".<ref name = "Place-names of the province of Nova Scotia (1922)">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
HistoryEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} French Jesuits settled at nearby St. Anns in 1629. British settlement came during the 1700s after the territory was ceded by France.
In 1839, a property containing an inn, a tavern, and a post office was built. In 1841, Charles James Campbell opened a store, began a shipbuilding operation, and developed coal mining in the nearby area of Cape Dauphin approximately 35 kilometers away.
In 1851 Victoria County was created from an area split off of Cape Breton County. Baddeck became the shire-town or county seat of the newly formed county: with a jail, court house and municipal offices.
Baddeck rose to fame in 1874, with the publication of the travel memoir Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing.
In 1885 the Alexander Graham Bell family had a vacation in Baddeck.<ref name="Bethune">Bethune, Jocelyn. Historic Baddeck: Images of our past, Nimbus Publishing, Halifax, N.S., 2009, Template:ISBN, Template:ISBN.</ref> He then built a complex of buildings, including a new laboratory,<ref name="Bethune" /> named Beinn Bhreagh (Gaelic: beautiful mountain) after Bell's ancestral Scottish highlands.<ref name="Tulloch">Template:Cite book</ref> Initially a summer residence, Bell spent an increasing part of the year there, and conducted many experiments, including the AEA Silver Dart's first controlled powered flight in Canada in 1909. From 1885 to 1928 the estate included the Bell Boatyard which made both experimental and traditional boats. The yard was notable for its dual focus on both experimental and traditional boats and for its employment of large numbers of female boatbuilders.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Bell is commemorated at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site.
GeographyEdit
The area sits on rocks from the Carboniferous Windsor Group. These include rock salt, limestone, potash, and gypsum, which are easily dissolved by groundwater and creates caves and sinkholes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
ClimateEdit
Baddeck experiences a humid continental climate (Dfb). The highest temperature ever recorded in Baddeck was Template:Convert on 22 August 1935. The coldest temperature ever recorded was Template:Convert on 11 February 1883.<ref name="CCN1" />
DemographicsEdit
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Baddeck had a population of 818 living in 368 of its 415 total private dwellings, a change of Template:Percentage from its 2016 population of 826. With a land area of Template:Cvt, it had a population density of Template:Pop density in 2021.<ref name=2021census>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
AttractionsEdit
Baddeck is one of several Cape Breton communities that plays host to the Celtic Colours festival each fall. The music festival features hundreds of Celtic musicians from Cape Breton and around the world.<ref name="events">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the spring, the village hosts the Cabot Trail Relay Race, a 298 km (185-mile) relay race around the Cabot Trail.<ref name="events" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The Cabot Trail, a scenic route, passes through Baddeck.
Historic structures in the town include:
- Telegraph House hotel, 1861, first came to prominence after it was featured in the 1874 book Baddeck, And That Sort of Thing.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It once housed the Trans-Oceanic Cable Company, a pioneer in telegraphy.
- Saint Peter's and Saint John's Anglican Church, 1883, wooden Gothic Revival church.
- Gilbert H. Grosvenor Hall, 1886, Romanesque Revival structure of local red sandstone, originally built as the Baddeck Post Office and Custom House.
- Victoria County Court House, 1889, Neoclassical wood and granite building.
- Bras d'Or House, circa 1894, heavily remodelled, now houses apartments and a Chinese restaurant.
- St. Mark's Masonic Lodge, 1898, built in the style of a church, featuring elaborate architectural and Masonic details, many of which now covered with vinyl siding.
- Kidston Island Lighthouse, 1912, accessible by ferry in the summer.
EducationEdit
Baddeck Academy: pre-primary to grade 12 school serving Baddeck and the surrounding communities.
ServicesEdit
See alsoEdit
GalleryEdit
- Women workers at Dr Alexander Graham Bell's laboratory Beinn Bhreagh.jpg
Women workers at Bell's shipyard
- Victoria County Court House 2010.JPG
Victoria County Court House
- Telegraph House, Baddeck, Nova Scotia.jpg
Telegraph House
- Baddeck Post Office and Customs House.JPG
Old post office and customs house
- Alexander and Mabel Bell statue, Baddeck Nova Scotia June 2014.jpeg
Alexander and Mabel Bell statue
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
Template:Sister project Template:Wikivoyage Template:Baddeck Template:Subdivisions of Nova Scotia