Bahamian dollar

Template:Short description Template:Infobox currency

The dollar (sign: $; code: BSD) has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

On 20 October 2020, the Bahamas became the first country to have a legal digital currency, introducing the Sand Dollar as an alternative to the traditional Bahamian dollar.

Relationship with the US dollarEdit

The Bahamian dollar is pegged to the US dollar on a one-to-one basis. The Central Bank of The Bahamas states that it uses reserve requirements, changes in the Bank discount rate and selective credit controls, supplemented by moral suasion,<ref name=CentralBank>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as main instruments of monetary policy. The Central Bank's objective is to keep stable conditions, including credit, in order to maintain the parity between the US dollar and the Bahamian dollar while allowing economic development to proceed.<ref name=CentralBank />

Although the US dollar (as any other foreign currency) is subject to exchange control laws in The Bahamas, the parity between Bahamian dollars and US dollars means that any business will accept either US or Bahamian currency and many of the businesses that serve tourists have extra US dollars on hand for the convenience of American tourists.

HistoryEdit

The dollar replaced the pound at a rate of 1 dollar = 7 shillings (US$0.98) in 1966, 7 years before independence. This rate allowed the establishment of parity with the US dollar, due to the sterling/dollar rate then being fixed at £1 = $2.80, after a slight revaluation of 2%. To aid in decimalisation, three-dollar bills and fifteen-cent coins were created, as three dollars was roughly equivalent to one pound, and fifteen cents to a shilling, at the time of transition.

On 20 October 2020, the Bahamas became the first country to have a legal digital currency,<ref name=NZZ1>Mathias Müller: China verabschiedet sich langsam vom Bargeld. Neue Zürcher Zeitung online, 2021-01-28. Retrieved February 27, 2021.</ref> introducing the Sand Dollar as an alternative to the traditional Bahamian dollar.<ref>Digital Bahamian Dollar. sanddollar.bs. Retrieved 2021-01-28.</ref><ref>Public Update on the Bahamas Digital Currency Rollout. Central Bank of the Bahamas, 2020-12-31. Retrieved 2021-01-28.</ref><ref>Wilson, Tom "Analysis: Central bankers comb for crypto clues as Bahamas launches 'Sand Dollar'" Reuters Dec. 18, 2020</ref>

CoinsEdit

Template:Coin image box 1 double

In 1966, coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 cents, 1 and 2 dollars. The 1 cent was struck in nickel-brass, the 5, 10, and 15 cent in cupronickel, the 25 cent in nickel, and the 50 cent and 1 dollar in silver. The 10 cent was scallop shaped, whilst the 15 cent was square. Silver coins were not issued for circulation after 1966. Bronze replaced nickel-brass in the 1 cent in 1970, followed by brass in 1974 and copper-plated zinc in 1985. In 1989, cupro-nickel 50 cent and 1 dollar coins were issued for circulation, although they did not replace the corresponding banknotes.

The now-obsolete 1 cent coin is about the size of a US dime, and the 5 and 25 cent coins are about the same size as their US counterparts but with different metal compositions. The 15 cent coins are still produced by the Central Bank.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> All coins now bear the Bahamian Coat of Arms on one side with the words "Commonwealth of The Bahamas" and the date. The reverses of the coins show objects from Bahamian culture with the value of the coins in words. The 1 cent has three starfish, the 5 cent a pineapple, the 10 cent two bonefish, the 15 cent a hibiscus, and the 25 cent a native sloop.

One-cent coins were last issued on January 31, 2020 and demonetised at the end of 2020. All cash transactions in the Bahamas are now rounded to the nearest five cents.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Coins of the Bahamian dollar (1974-2005 issues)
Image	Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of first minting
Image	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of first minting
	1 cent	19.05 mm	1.40 mm	3.16 g	Nickel-brass	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Starfish	1974
	1 cent	19.00 mm	1.40 mm	2.50 g	Copper-plated zinc	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Starfish	1985
	5 cents	21.00 mm	1.53 mm	3.94 g	Copper-nickel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Pineapple	1974
	10 cents	23.50 mm	1.72 mm	5.54 g	Copper-nickel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Two Bonefish	1974
	15 cents	25.00 mm	2.06 mm	6.48 g	Copper-nickel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Hibiscus	1974
	25 cents	24.26 mm	1.9 mm	6.9 g	Nickel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Bahamian sailboat	1974
	25 cents	24.26 mm	1.65 mm	5.75 g	Copper-nickel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Bahamian sailboat	1991
	50 cents	29 mm		10.51 g	Copper-nickel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Blue marlin	1974
	1 dollar	32 mm		18.30 g	Copper-nickel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Conch shell	1981
	2 dollars	40 mm	2.5 mm	26.9 g	Copper-nickel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Two flamingos	1974

Coins of the Bahamian dollar (2007-2018 issues)
Image	Value	Technical parameters				Description			Date of first minting
Image	Value	Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Date of first minting
	1 cent	17 mm	1 mm	1.70 g	Copper-plated steel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Three starfish	2014
	5 cents	21 mm	1.53 mm	3.5 g	Nickel-plated steel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Pineapple	2015
	10 cents	23.5 mm	1.8 mm	5.2 g	Nickel-plated steel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Two bonefish	2007
	15 cents	25 mm	2 mm	6.48 g	Nickel-plated steel	Smooth	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Three Hibiscus flowers	2018
	25 cents	24.3 mm	1.7 mm	5 g	Nickel-plated steel	Reeded	Coat of arms of The Bahamas	Bahamian sloop	2007

BanknotesEdit

In 1966, the government introduced notes in denominations of Template:Frac, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars. The Bahamas Monetary Authority took over the issuance of paper money in 1968, issuing the same denominations. The Central Bank of the Bahamas was established on 1 June 1974 and took over note issuance from that point forward.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Its first issue of notes did not include the Template:Frac and 3 dollar denominations but these were reintroduced in 1984.

The dollar has undergone several revisions in the last twenty years, one of the more notable being an extremely colourful redesign in celebration of the quincentennial of the landing of Christopher Columbus on a Bahamian island he named San Salvador.

All banknotes other than the fifty cent note have been undergoing design changes to foil forgery in recent years, although the notes implemented more stringent security long before the US's recent redesign of their notes. All banknotes are the same physical size, like the US dollar but unlike the euro. The latest counterfeit-proof formula is the "Counterfeit Resistant Integrated Security Product", or CRISP.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The new Template:Val banknote was released on 5 August 2005, while the Template:Val banknote was released on 6 September 2006. In October 2005, someone counterfeited one of the new CRISP Template:Val bills, serial number A161315. Bahamian authorities warned merchants to look for banknotes that lacked the distinctive watermark.<ref>Template:Cite press release</ref>

Until 1992,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> all notes displayed a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II (Head of State) but notes began to display portraits of prominent deceased Bahamian politicians. This policy is now being reversed, with the return of the Queen's portrait to the Template:Val note. The $Template:Frac shows an older Queen Elizabeth II and the back shows a picture of Sister Sarah in the Nassau Straw Market; the Template:Val shows Sir Lynden Pindling and on the back the Royal Bahamas Police Force Band; the Template:Val has a young Queen Elizabeth II and on the back shows a Family Island Regatta with native sloops; the Template:Val – Sir Cecil Wallace-Whitfield and the back shows a Junkanoo group 'rushing' in the Junkanoo parade; the Template:Val – an older Queen Elizabeth II (replacing Sir Stafford Sands) and the back shows the Hope Town Lighthouse and settlement in Abaco, the Template:Val – Sir Milo Butler; the Template:Val – Sir Roland Symonette; the Template:Val – an older Queen Elizabeth II and the back shows a jumping blue marlin, the national fish of The Bahamas. For this reason, the Bahamian Template:Val bill is often referred to by locals as "a blue marlin".

Banknotes of the Bahamian dollar (2005 CRISP series)
Value	Main Colour	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark
$Template:Frac	Moss green, charcoal grey, and dark turquoise	Queen Elizabeth II	Sister Sarah in the Nassau Market	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Val	Dark green, mint green and brown	Sir Lynden O. Pindling	Royal Bahamas Police force band	Sir Lynden O. Pindling with an electrotype 1
Template:Val	Red, orange and purple	Queen Elizabeth II	Sailing boats	Spanish Galleon (not a CRISP Series note)<ref name="Central Bank of The Bahamas"/>
Template:Val	Orange, brown and blue	Sir Cecil Wallace-Whitfield	Junkanoo dance	Sir Cecil Wallace-Whitfield with an electrotype 5
Template:Val	Dark blue, dark green and maroon	Queen Elizabeth II	Hope Town, Abaco Island	Queen Elizabeth II with an electrotype 10
Template:Val	Dark blue, dark green and maroon	Sir Stafford Lofthouse Sands	Hope Town, Abaco Island	Stafford Sands with an electrotype 10
Template:Val	Charcoal, red and green	Sir Milo B. Butler	Nassau Harbour	Sir Milo B. Butler with an electrotype 20
Template:Val	Orange, brown and green	Sir Roland T. Symonette	The Central Bank of Bahamas building	Sir Ronald T. Symonette with an electrotype 50
Template:Val	Purple, blue, green and mauve	Queen Elizabeth II	A blue marlin	Queen Elizabeth II with an electrotype 100

Since 2016, a new series called CRISP Evolution has been progressively introduced, maintaining the subjects and motifs of the previous banknotes while updating the security features and color schemes. The series began with the Template:Val on 28 September 2016 <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and includes the Template:Val from 27 September 2017,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Template:Val from September 2018,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the $Template:Frac from 24 January 2019,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Template:Val note from 28 March 2019,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Template:Val note from 3 October 2019,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> the Template:Val note from 23 September 2020<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Template:Val note on 6 October 2021.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Due to the $10 banknote being similar in colour to the $1 banknote, the $10 banknote in this series was updated to have a grey colour on 15 December 2022.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Banknotes of the Bahamian dollar (CRISP Evolution series, 2016–present)
Value	Main Colour	Size	Obverse	Reverse	Introduction
$Template:Frac	Gray	156 × 67 mm	Queen Elizabeth II	Sister Sarah in the Nassau Market	24 January 2019
Template:Val	Green	156 × 67 mm	Sir Lynden O. Pindling	Royal Bahamas Police force band	27 September 2017
Template:Val	Fuchsia	156 × 67 mm	Queen Elizabeth II	Sailing boats	28 March 2019
Template:Val	Orange	156 × 67 mm	Sir Cecil Wallace-Whitfield	Junkanoo dance	23 September 2020
Template:Val	Blue	156 × 67 mm	Sir Stafford Lofthouse Sands	Hope Town, Abaco Island	28 September 2016
Template:Val	Magenta	156 × 67 mm	Sir Milo B. Butler	Nassau Harbour	26 September 2018
Template:Val	Cyan	156 × 67 mm	Sir Roland T. Symonette	The Central Bank of Bahamas building	3 October 2019
Template:Val	Brown	156 × 67 mm	Arthur Dion Hanna	Blue marlin	6 October 2021