Bob Fitzsimmons
Template:Short description Template:Redirect Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox boxer
Robert James Fitzsimmons (26 May 1863 – 22 October 1917)Template:Efn was a Cornish professional boxer who was the sport's first three-division world champion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=ADP>Template:Cite encyclopedia</ref> He also achieved fame for beating "Gentleman Jim" Corbett (the man who beat John L. Sullivan), and he is in The Guinness Book of World Records as the lightest heavyweight champion, weighing just 167 pounds when he won the title.<ref>McWhirter, Norris. The Guinness Book of World Records 1997. p. 467. " Lightest heavyweight champion Robert James "Bob" Fitzsimmons of Great Britain, weighed 167 pounds when he won the title by knocking out James J. Corbett". Random House Publishing Group, 1997</ref> Nicknamed Ruby Robert and The Freckled Wonder, he took pride in his lack of scars and appeared in the ring wearing heavy woollen underwear to conceal the disparity between his trunk and leg-development.
Considered one of the hardest punchers in boxing history,<ref>Physical Freak Flattened Men "Like Texas Cyclone", The Barrier Miner, (Thursday, 25 November 1954), p. 7.</ref> Fitzsimmons is ranked No. 8 on The Ring magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time. Boxing writer and founder of The Ring magazine, Nat Fleischer, ranked Fitzsimmons the third greatest heavyweight of all time and regarded him as the greatest pound for pound knockout puncher in boxing history.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early lifeEdit
Robert James Fitzsimmons was born on 4 June 1862Template:Efn in Helston, Cornwall, England, the youngest of seven boys and five girls born to James and Jane (Template:Nee) Fitzsimmons.<ref name="teara">Template:DNZB</ref> Not long before his birth, his parents had moved from his father's native Ireland to Cornwall, where his mother came from, in order for his father to find work as a policeman.<ref name="ingram37">Ingram 2012, p. 37.</ref> Fitzsimmons received his early education at the National school in Helston.<ref name="odnb">Template:Cite ODNB</ref> In 1873, the family moved again; James, Jane and their youngest five children sailed on the Adamant for the 93-day journey to Lyttelton, New Zealand.<ref name="teara"/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
They settled in Timaru, a town 147 km (91 miles) south-west of Lyttelton populated mainly by Cornish immigrants, and James Fitzsimmons established a blacksmith's forge in the town.<ref name="odnb"/> Once Fitzsimmons had completed his education at the Timaru Main School, he took on a range of jobs. He wanted to join the crew of the Isabella Ridley, and do some service as a sailor, hoping that it would toughen him up for a career in boxing, but the ship was badly damaged in storms while still docked in Timaru.<ref>Nicholson 2011, p. 45.</ref> Instead, he took on a range of jobs; as a butcher's delivery boy, a carriage painter, striker at an iron foundry, and a decorator, before becoming an apprentice at his family's blacksmith's forge with his brother Jarrett. His time working in the blacksmith's forge helped to develop his upper body, particularly his arms and shoulders.<ref name="teara"/><ref name="odnb"/> During his time working in the blacksmith's forge, there are stories that Fitzsimmons was not averse to fighting quarrelsome, often drunk, customers, and it was suggested that this even boosted business, as customers returned to the forge, hoping to see a fight.<ref>Nicholson 2011, p. 46.</ref>
Amateur careerEdit
In the early 1880s Jem Mace, an English bare-knuckle boxer, travelled to Timaru and hosted both his boxing school, and the first boxing championships held in New Zealand in 1880.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fitzsimmons entered the tournament and knocked out four opponents on his way to winning the lightweight title. He knocked out five opponents in the subsequent competition in 1881 to capture the middleweight championship.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="teara"/>Template:Efn During one of these tournaments, it is often suggested that Fitzsimmons defeated Herbert Slade, a professional heavyweight boxer who was touring with Mace, but Slade was touted as being undefeated in 1883, and it is possible that it was Slade's brother that Fitzsimmons beat.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After these tournaments, Fitzsimmons boxed at least six times in New Zealand, including some bare knuckle bouts, but it is unclear if he received payment for his fights during this time.<ref>Kieza 2015, p. 30.</ref>
Professional careerEdit
Move to AustraliaEdit
Boxing record books show Fitzsimmons officially began boxing professionally in 1883, in Australia. He beat Jim Crawford there in a bare knuckle fight by getting a knockout in three rounds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Fitzsimmons had his first 28 definite professional fights in Australia, where he lost the Australian middleweight title to Mick Dooley<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (rumours spoke of a fixed bout) and where he also won a fight by knockout while on the floor: when Edward Starlight Robins dropped Fitzsimmons to the canvas in round nine of their fight, he also broke his hand and could not continue, therefore the referee declared Fitzsimmons the winner by a knockout.
By this stage, Fitzsimmons had established his own style. He developed a certain movement and caginess from one of the greatest bare-knuckle fighters, Jem Mace.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Mace encouraged Fitzsimmons to develop his punching technique, drawing on the enormous power he had gained from blacksmithing. Fitzsimmons delivered short, accurate and occasionally conclusive punches. He soon built up a reputation as by far the hardest puncher in boxing.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Winning the Middleweight titleEdit
Moving on to the United States, Fitzsimmons fought four more times in 1890, winning three and drawing one.
Then, on 14 January 1891, in New Orleans, he won his first world title from Jack (Nonpareil) Dempsey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=AFP/> Fitzsimmons knocked out Dempsey (from whom the later Jack Dempsey took his name) in the 13th round to become the World Middleweight Champion. Fitzsimmons knocked Dempsey down at least 13 times and by the finish left him in such a pitiable condition that he begged him to quit. Since Dempsey would not do so, Fitzsimmons knocked him out and then carried him to his corner. On 22 July, police broke off his fight with Jim Hall after he had knocked Hall down several times.
Fitzsimmons spent the next two years fighting non-title bouts and exhibitions until giving Hall a chance at the title in 1893. He retained the crown by a knockout in round four.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He spent the rest of that year doing exhibitions, and on 2 June, he had scheduled a two-way exhibition where he would demonstrate in public how to hit the boxing bag and then how to box against a real opponent. Reportedly, two freak accidents happened that day: Fitzsimmons hit the bag so hard that it broke, and then his opponent of that day allegedly slipped, getting hit in the head and the boxing exhibition was cancelled.
At a public sparring performance on 16 November 1894 at Jacob's Opera House, Syracuse, New York, Fitzsimmons knocked out sparring partner Con Riordan, who was carried off unconscious and died several hours later. Two months later Fitzsimmons was charged with manslaughter but was acquitted.<ref>Toronto Star, 19 January 1895.</ref>
Fitzsimmons vs. SharkeyEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} After vacating the Middleweight title, Fitzsimmons began campaigning at heavyweight (the light heavyweight division did not exist at that time). On 2 December 1896, the San Francisco Athletic Club sponsored a fight at the Mechanics' Pavilion in San Francisco between Fitzsimmons and Tom Sharkey. Unable to find a referee, they called on former lawman Wyatt Earp. He had officiated 30 or so matches in earlier days, though not under the Marquess of Queensberry rules.<ref name=reilly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The fight may have been the most anticipated fight on American soil that year. Fitzsimmons was favoured to win, and bets flowed heavily his way. Earp entered the ring still armed with his customary Colt .45 and drew a lot of attention when he had to be disarmed. He later said he forgot he was wearing it. Fitzsimmons was taller and quicker than Sharkey and dominated the fight from the opening bell. In the eighth round, Fitzsimmons hit Sharkey with his famed "solar plexus punch," an uppercut under the heart that could render a man temporarily helpless. The punch caught Sharkey, Earp, and most of the crowd by surprise, and Sharkey dropped, clutched his groin, and rolled on the canvas, screaming foul.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Earp stopped the bout, ruling that Fitzsimmons had hit Sharkey with a low blow.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His ruling was greeted with loud boos and catcalls.<ref name=rasmussen>Template:Cite news</ref> Very few witnessed the foul Earp ruled on. He awarded the decision to Sharkey, who attendants carried out as "...limp as a rag."<ref name=shillingberg>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Winning the heavyweight titleEdit
In 1896, Fitzsimmons won a disputed version of the World Heavyweight Championship in a fight in Langtry, Texas, sanctioned by Judge Roy Bean, against the Irish fighter Peter Maher.<ref name=other>Template:Cite book</ref> On 17 March 1897, in Carson City, Nevada, he knocked out American Jim Corbett, generally recognised as the legitimate World Heavyweight Champion (having won the title from John L. Sullivan in 1892) in round 14 in what is considered Nevada's first World Championship prize fight.<ref name=AFP>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This constituted a remarkable achievement, as Jim Corbett, a skilled boxer, weighed one stone 3 pounds (17 lb) more than Fitzsimmons. He out-boxed Fitzsimmons for several rounds, knocked him down in the sixth round and badly damaged his face with his jab, left hook and right hand, but Fitzsimmons kept coming and Corbett began to tire. In the 14th round, Fitzsimmons won the title with his "solar plexus" punch. Corbett collapsed in agony. Fitzsimmons' "solar plexus" punch became legendary, although he himself may never have used the phrase. The entire fight was filmed by Enoch J. Rector and released to cinemas as The Corbett-Fitzsimmons Fight, the longest film ever released at the time. It was also the first time in history a full boxing match was recorded and it was the world's first feature film.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Using her maiden name, it was covered by Nellie Verrill Mighels Davis, the first woman to report a prize fight.<ref name="unr.edu">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Fitzsimmons spent the rest of 1897 and 1898 doing stage tours.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1899, Fitzsimmons fought James J. Jeffries at the Coney Island Athletic Club near Brooklyn, New York. Most people gave Jeffries little chance, even though at over 15 stones (95 kg) he massively outweighed his opponent and was far younger, but Jeffries lifted the World Heavyweight Championship from Fitzsimmons with an 11th-round knockout.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In June 1901 Fitzsimmons took part in a wrestling match against Gus Ruhlin.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He lost and went back to boxing. He then enjoyed legitimate boxing knockouts of leading contenders Ruhlin and Tom Sharkey.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1901 he published a book Physical Culture and Self-Defense (Philadelphia: D. Biddle). In 1902, he and Jeffries had a rematch, once again with the World Heavyweight Championship at stake. Fitzsimmons battered Jeffries, who suffered horrible punishment. With his nose and cheek bones broken, most would have sympathized with Jeffries had he quit, but he kept going until his enormous strength and youth wore down Bob and he knocked him out cold in round eight.<ref name=":2" />
Winning the Light Heavyweight titleEdit
In November 1903, Fitzsimmons made history by defeating World Light Heavyweight Champion George Gardiner (also known as Gardner) by a decision in 20 rounds,<ref name=AFP/><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> becoming the first boxer to win titles in three weight-divisions.<ref name=ADP/>
Soon afterward, he went back to the Heavyweights, where he kept fighting until 1914, with mixed results. In 1907 at age 44, Fitzsimmons fought much younger Jack Johnson, during the time period in which reigning champion James J. Jeffries refused to fight Johnson. The bout between Johnson and Fitzsimmons ended in victory for Johnson with a second round knockout.<ref name=Burns>Ken Burns, Unforgivable Blackness</ref>
RetirementEdit
Although Fitzsimmons became a world champion in each of the Middleweight, Light Heavyweight and Heavyweight divisions, historians do not consider him the first world Light Heavyweight Champion to become World Heavyweight Champion, because he won the Heavyweight title before winning the Light Heavyweight belt. Michael Spinks counts as the first Light Heavyweight World Champion to win the Heavyweight belt as well.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> However, Fitzsimmons was the first Middleweight Champion to win the Heavyweight title and the only Heavyweight Champion to drop down and win the Light Heavyweight title.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fitzsimmons and later Henry Armstrong were the only men to win undisputed world championship in three different weight classes.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> After his retirement, Fitzsimmons moved back to his home country of England and settled in London.
Fitzsimmons had a final professional record of 69 wins with 57 by knockout, 12 losses, 14 draws, and 6 no contests (22 newspaper decisions). His exact record remains unknown, as the boxing world often kept records poorly during his era.
Personal lifeEdit
Fitzsimmons married four times and had six children, two of whom died in infancy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> His son Robert, fighting under the moniker "Young Bob Fitzsimmons", enjoyed a moderately successful professional boxing career as a heavyweight between 1919 and 1931.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the early 1900s, Fitzsimmons, alongside his third wife and actress Julia May Gifford, created and starred in a play surrounding their "would be divorce" titled "A Fight For Love" by Hal Reid.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
DeathEdit
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Fitzsimmons died of pneumonia on 22 October 1917 in Chicago, survived by his fourth wife. His grave lies in the Graceland Cemetery, Uptown. Having four wives, a gambling habit, and a susceptibility to confidence tricksters, he did not hold on to the money he made.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
LegacyEdit
In 1954, Fitzsimmons was inducted into the World Boxing Hall of Fame (WBHF) and The Ring magazine's Boxing Hall of Fame.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 1971, Nat Fleischer ranked Fitzsimmons the third greatest heavyweight of all time and regarded him as the greatest pound for pound knockout puncher in boxing history.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Charley Rose named him the greatest light-heavyweight of all time.<ref name=":0" />
The statue Peace on the Dewey Arch was modelled on Fitzsimmons by the sculptor Daniel Chester French.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> A statue of Fitzsimmons has also stood in the city centre of Timaru, New Zealand, since 1987. It was commissioned by New Zealand millionaire boxing fan Bob Jones and sculpted by Margriet Windhausen.<ref>Romanos, J. "Statue of Bob Fitzsimmons, Timaru", Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 27 January 2015. Retrieved 10 December 2016.</ref>
The International Boxing Hall of Fame has made Fitzsimmons a member in its "Old Timer" category as one of the inaugural inductees of the 1990 class.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2003, The Ring named Fitzsimmons number eight on their list of greatest punchers of all time.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2006, he was inducted into the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame as an honorary international.
WorksEdit
Professional boxing recordEdit
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> unless otherwise stated.
Official recordEdit
All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.
Unofficial recordEdit
Template:BoxingRecordSummary Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.
Titles in boxingEdit
Major world titlesEdit
- World middleweight champion (160 lbs)
- World light-heavyweight champion (175 lbs)
- World heavyweight champion (200+ lbs)
Regional/International titlesEdit
Amateur titlesEdit
- New Zealand lightweight champion
- New Zealand middleweight champion
See alsoEdit
- List of heavyweight boxing champions
- List of light heavyweight boxing champions
- List of middleweight boxing champions
- List of boxing triple champions
Notes and referencesEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
Further readingEdit
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External linksEdit
- Template:BoxRec
- Template:New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame
- Boxing Hall of Fame
- A New Zealand tribute site
- On this day in boxing – Old man Bob Fitzsimmons becomes first three-weight champion – ESPN
- Template:DNZB in the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
- Biography in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand (birth year wrong)
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