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Brigitte Bardot

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Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person Brigitte Anne-Marie Bardot (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell; {{#invoke:IPA|main}}; born 28 September 1934), often referred to by her initials B.B.,<ref name="institut-francais">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn is a French former actress, singer, and model as well as an animal rights activist. Famous for portraying characters with hedonistic lifestyles, she is one of the best known symbols of the sexual revolution. Although she withdrew from the entertainment industry in 1973, she remains a major pop culture icon.Template:Sfnm<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She has acted in 47 films, performed in several musicals, and recorded more than 60 songs. She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1985.

Born and raised in Paris, Bardot was an aspiring ballerina during her childhood. She started her acting career in 1952 and achieved international recognition in 1957 for her role in And God Created Woman (1956), catching the attention of many French intellectuals and earning her the nickname "sex kitten".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was the subject of philosopher Simone de Beauvoir's 1959 essay The Lolita Syndrome, which described her as a "locomotive of women's history" and built upon existentialist themes to declare her the most liberated woman of France. She won a 1961 David di Donatello Best Foreign Actress Award for her work in The Truth (1960). Bardot later starred in Jean-Luc Godard's film Le Mépris (1963). For her role in Louis Malle's film Viva Maria! (1965), she was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress. French President Charles de Gaulle called Bardot "the French export as important as Renault cars".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After retiring from acting in 1973, Bardot became an animal rights activist and created the Brigitte Bardot Foundation. She is known for her strong personality, outspokenness, and speeches on animal defense; she has been fined twice for public insults. She has also been a controversial political figure, as of November 2021 having been fined six times<ref name="vanityfair.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> for inciting racial hatred when she criticised immigration and Islam in France and called residents of Réunion "savages".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She is married to Bernard d'Ormale, a former adviser to Jean-Marie Le Pen, a far-right French politician. Bardot is a member of the Global 500 Roll of Honour of the United Nations Environment Programme and has received several awards and accolades from UNESCO and PETA. In 2011, Los Angeles Times Magazine ranked her second on the "50 Most Beautiful Women In Film".

Early lifeEdit

Bardot was born on 28 September 1934 in the 15th arrondissement of Paris to Louis Bardot (1896–1975) and Anne-Marie Mucel (1912–1978).Template:Sfn Bardot's father, who originated from Ligny-en-Barrois, was an engineer and the proprietor of several industrial factories in Paris.<ref name="Lorrain">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Sfn Her mother was the daughter of an insurance company director.Template:Sfn She grew up in a conservative Catholic family, as had her father.Template:Sfn<ref name="Observer_outrageous">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She suffered from amblyopia as a child, which resulted in decreased vision of her left eye.Template:Sfn She has one younger sister, Mijanou Bardot.Template:Sfn

Bardot's childhood was prosperous; she lived in her family's seven-bedroom apartment in the luxurious 16th arrondissement.<ref name="Observer_outrageous"/>Template:Sfn However, she recalled feeling resentful in her early years.Template:Sfnm Her father demanded that she follow strict behavioural standards, including good table manners, and wear appropriate clothes.Template:Sfn Her mother was highly selective in choosing companions for her, so Bardot had very few childhood friends.Template:Sfn Bardot cited a personal traumatic incident when she and her sister broke her parents' favourite vase while they were playing in the house; her father whipped the sisters 20 times and subsequently treated them like "strangers", demanding that they address their parents by the formal pronoun "vous", used in French when speaking to unfamiliar or higher-status persons outside the immediate family.Template:Sfn The incident led to Bardot decisively resenting her parents and to her future rebellious lifestyle.Template:Sfn

During World War II, when Paris was occupied by Nazi Germany, Bardot spent more time at home due to increasingly strict civilian surveillance.Template:Sfn She became engrossed in dancing to records, which her mother saw as a potential for a ballet career.Template:Sfn Bardot was admitted at the age of seven to the private school Cours Hattemer.Template:Sfn She went to school three days a week, which gave her ample time to take dance lessons at a local studio under her mother's arrangements.Template:Sfn In 1949, Bardot was accepted at the Conservatoire de Paris. She attended ballet classes held by Russian choreographer Boris Knyazev for three years.Template:Sfn She also studied at the Institut de la Tour, a private Catholic high school near her home.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Hélène Gordon-Lazareff, the director of the magazines Elle and Le Jardin des Modes, hired Bardot in 1949 as a "junior" fashion model.Template:Sfn On 8 March 1950, 15-year-old Bardot appeared on the cover of Elle, which brought her an acting offer for the film Les Lauriers sont coupés from director Marc Allégret.Template:Sfn Her parents opposed her becoming an actress, but her grandfather was supportive, saying that "If this little girl is to become a whore, cinema will not be the cause."Template:Efn-ua At the audition, Bardot met Roger Vadim, who later notified her that she did not get the role.Template:Sfn They subsequently fell in love.Template:Sfn Her parents fiercely opposed their relationship; her father announced to her one evening that she would continue her education in England and that he had bought her a train ticket for the following day.Template:Sfn Bardot reacted by putting her head into an oven with open fire; her parents stopped her and ultimately accepted the relationship, on condition that she marry Vadim at the age of 18.Template:Sfnm

CareerEdit

Beginnings: 1952–1955Edit

Bardot appeared on the cover of Elle again in 1952, which landed her an offer for a small part in the comedy film Crazy for Love the same year, directed by Jean Boyer and starring Bourvil.Template:Sfn She was paid 200,000 francs (about 575 1952 US dollars<ref name=convert>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>) for the small role portraying a cousin of the main character.Template:Sfn Bardot had her second film role in Manina, the Girl in the Bikini (1952), directed by Willy Rozier.Template:Sfn She also had roles in the 1953 films, The Long Teeth and His Father's Portrait.

Bardot had a small role in a Hollywood-financed film being shot in Paris in 1953, Act of Love, starring Kirk Douglas. She received media attention when she attended the Cannes Film Festival in April 1953.<ref name="twolives"/>

File:Tradita - Brigitte Bardot.png
Bardot in a scene of Concert of Intrigue in 1954

Bardot had a leading role in 1954 in an Italian melodrama, Concert of Intrigue, and in a French adventure film, Caroline and the Rebels. She had a good part as a flirtatious student in 1955's School for Love, opposite Jean Marais, for director Marc Allégret.

Bardot played her first sizeable English-language role in 1955 in Doctor at Sea as the love interest for Dirk Bogarde. The film was the third most popular movie in Britain that year.<ref>"'The Dam Busters'." Times [London, England] 29 December 1955: 12. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 11 July 2012.</ref>

Bardot had a small role in The Grand Maneuver (1955) for director René Clair, supporting Gérard Philipe and Michelle Morgan. Her part was bigger in The Light Across the Street (1956) for director Georges Lacombe. She had another in the Hollywood film Helen of Troy, playing Helen's handmaiden.

For the Italian movie Mio figlio Nerone (1956) brunette Bardot was asked by the director to appear as a blonde. She dyed her hair rather than wear a wig; she was so pleased with the results that she decided to retain the color.<ref name="Servat. Page 76">Servat. Page 76.</ref>

Rise to stardom: 1956–1962Edit

File:Brigitte Bardot Venice 1958.jpg
Bardot posing for a crowd of photographers during the 1958 Venice Film Festival
File:Brigitte Bardot - Screenland (March 1959).png
Bardot featured on the cover of Screenland, March 1959

Bardot then appeared in four movies that made her a star. First up was a musical, Naughty Girl (1956), where Bardot played a troublesome school girl. Directed by Michel Boisrond, it was co-written by Roger Vadim and was a great success, going on to become the 12th most popular film of the year in France.<ref>Box office figures in France for 1956 at Box Office Story</ref> It was followed by a comedy, Plucking the Daisy (1956), also written by Vadim. This was succeeded by The Bride Is Much Too Beautiful (1956) with Louis Jourdan.

Finally, there was the melodrama And God Created Woman (1956). The movie was Vadim's debut as director, with Bardot starring opposite Jean-Louis Trintignant and Curt Jurgens. The film, about an immoral teenager in an otherwise respectable small-town setting, was an even larger success, not just in France but also around the world, listed among the ten most popular films in Great Britain in 1957.<ref>Most Popular Film of the Year. The Times (London, England), Thursday, 12 December 1957; pg. 3; Issue 54022.</ref> In the United States the film was the highest-grossing foreign film ever released, earning $4 million, which author Peter Lev describes as "an astonishing amount for a foreign film at that time."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> It turned Bardot into an international star.<ref name="twolives"/> From at least 1956,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> she was hailed as the "sex kitten".<ref name="theguardian">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="time">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>The earliest use cited in the OED Online (accessed 26 November 2011) is in the Daily Sketch, 2 June 1958.</ref> The film scandalized the United States and some theater managers were even arrested just for screening it.<ref name=guardot>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot - The Sacramento Union (1958).png
U.S newspaper clipping, 9 February 1958

Paul O'Neil of Life (June 1958) in describing Bardot's international popularity, writes:

In gaining her present eminence, Brigitte Bardot has had certain advantages beyond those she was born with. Like the European sports car, she has arrived on the American scene at a time when the American public is ready, even hungry, for something racier and more realistic than the familiar domestic product.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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During her early career, professional photographer Sam Lévin's photos contributed to the image of Bardot's sensuality. British photographer Cornel Lucas made images of Bardot in the 1950s and 1960s that have become representative of her public persona.

Bardot followed And God Created Woman up with La Parisienne (1957), a comedy co-starring Charles Boyer for director Boisrond. She was reunited with Vadim in another melodrama The Night Heaven Fell (1958), and played a criminal who seduced Jean Gabin in In Case of Adversity (1958). The latter was the 13th most seen movie of the year in France.<ref name="box">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 1958, Bardot became the highest-paid actress in the country of France.<ref name="Bricard2020">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot 1961.jpg
Bardot in 1961

The Female (1959) for director Julien Duvivier was popular, but Babette Goes to War (1959), a comedy set in World War II, was a huge hit, the fourth biggest movie of the year in France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also widely seen was Come Dance with Me (1959) from Boisrond.

Bardot's next film was courtroom drama The Truth (1960), from Henri-Georges Clouzot. It was a highly publicised production, which resulted in Bardot having an affair and attempting suicide. The film was Bardot's biggest commercial success in France, the third biggest hit of the year, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Film.<ref>Box office information for film at Box Office Story</ref> Bardot was awarded a David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actress for her role in the film.<ref name="Roberts2015">Template:Cite book</ref>

She made a comedy with Vadim, Please, Not Now! (1961), and had a role in the all-star anthology, Famous Love Affairs (1962).

Bardot starred alongside Marcello Mastroianni in a film inspired by her life in A Very Private Affair (Vie privée, 1962), directed by Louis Malle. More popular than that was her role in Love on a Pillow (1962).

International films and singing career: 1962–1968Edit

File:Brigitte Bardot em visita ao Brasil, 1964.tif
Bardot visiting Brazil in 1964

In the mid-1960s, Bardot made films that seemed to be more aimed at the international market. She starred in Jean-Luc Godard's film Le Mépris (1963), produced by Joseph E. Levine and starring Jack Palance. The following year she co-starred with Anthony Perkins in the comedy Une ravissante idiote (1964).

Dear Brigitte (1965), Bardot's first Hollywood film, was a comedy starring James Stewart as an academic whose son develops a crush on Bardot. Bardot's appearance was relatively brief in the film, and the movie was not a big success.

File:Mepris-Italie-1963.jpg
Brigitte Bardot and Michel Piccoli caught by paparazzi in Italy during the filming of Contempt in 1963

More successful was the Western buddy comedy Viva Maria! (1965) for director Louis Malle, appearing opposite Jeanne Moreau. It was a big hit in France and worldwide, although it did not break through in the United States as much as had been hoped.<ref name="tino">Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987 p. 281.</ref>

After a cameo in Godard's Masculin Féminin (1966), she had her first outright flop for some years, Two Weeks in September (1968), a French–English co-production. She had a small role in the all-star Spirits of the Dead (1968), acting opposite Alain Delon, then tried a Hollywood film again: Shalako (1968), a Western starring Sean Connery, which was another box-office disappointment.<ref name="variety">"ABC's 5 Years of Film Production Profits & Losses", Variety, 31 May 1973 p. 3.</ref>

She participated in several musical shows and recorded many popular songs in the 1960s and 1970s, mostly in collaboration with Serge Gainsbourg, Bob Zagury and Sacha Distel, including "Harley Davidson"; "Je Me Donne À Qui Me Plaît"; "Bubble gum"; "Contact"; "Je Reviendrai Toujours Vers Toi"; "L'Appareil À Sous"; "La Madrague"; "On Déménage"; "Sidonie"; "Tu Veux, Ou Tu Veux Pas?"; "Le Soleil De Ma Vie" (a cover of Stevie Wonder's "You Are the Sunshine of My Life"); and "Je t'aime... moi non-plus". Bardot pleaded with Gainsbourg not to release this duet and he complied with her wish; the following year, he rerecorded a version with British-born model and actress Jane Birkin that became a massive hit all over Europe. The version with Bardot was issued in 1986 and became a download hit in 2006 when Universal Music made its back catalogue available to purchase online, with this version of the song ranking as the third most popular download.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot.jpg
Bardot in 1968

Final films: 1969–1973Edit

From 1969 to 1972, Bardot was the official face of Marianne, who had previously up until then been anonymous, to represent the liberty of France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Her next film, Les Femmes (1969), was a flop, although the screwball comedy The Bear and the Doll (1970) performed better. Her last few films were mostly comedies: Les Novices (1970), Boulevard du Rhum (1971) (with Lino Ventura). The Legend of Frenchie King (1971) was more popular, helped by Bardot co-starring with Claudia Cardinale.

File:Brigitte Bardot in Rome, April 1969.jpg
Bardot in Rome in 1969

She made one more movie working with Vadim, Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman (1973), playing the title role. Vadim said the film marked "Underneath what people call 'the Bardot myth' was something interesting, even though she was never considered the most professional actress in the world. For years, since she has been growing older, and the Bardot myth has become just a souvenir... I was curious in her as a woman and I had to get to the end of something with her, to get out of her and express many things I felt were in her. Brigitte always gave the impression of sexual freedom – she is a completely open and free person, without any aggression. So I gave her the part of a man – that amused me".<ref name="vadim">Template:Cite news</ref>

"If Don Juan is not my last movie it will be my next to last", said Bardot during filming.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She kept her word and made only one more film, The Edifying and Joyous Story of Colinot (1973).

In 1973, Bardot announced she was retiring from acting as "a way to get out elegantly".<ref name="The Modesto Bee-7 June 1973">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>

Animal rights activismEdit

Bardot met Paul Watson in 1977, the same year he founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, during an operation to condemn the massacre of seal pups and seal hunting on the Canadian ice floe.<ref name="DeBreteuil221024">Template:Cite news</ref> In support of animal protection, Bardot went to the ice floe after being invited by Watson.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bardot posed lying down next to the seal pups; the photos were seen worldwide. Bardot and Watson remained friends.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

After appearing in more than 40 motion pictures and recording several music albums, Bardot used her fame to promote animal rights. In 1986, she established the Brigitte Bardot Foundation for the Welfare and Protection of Animals.<ref name=foundationhistory>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She became a vegetarian<ref name="follain (2006)">Follain, John (9 April 2006) Brigitte Bardot profile, The Times Online: Life & Style. Retrieved 2 April 2009.</ref> and raised three million francs (about 430,000 1986 US dollars<ref name=convert/>) to fund the foundation by auctioning off jewellery and personal belongings.<ref name=foundationhistory/>

Bardot has been a strong animal rights activist and a major opponent of the consumption of horse meat.<ref name="Borg2017">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1989, while looking after her neighbour, Jean-Pierre Manivet's donkey, the mare displayed excessive interest in Bardot's older donkey and she subsequently had the neighbour's donkey castrated due to concerns the mating would prove fatal for her mare. The neighbour then sued Bardot, and Bardot later won, with the court ordering Manivet to pay 20,000 francs for creating a "false scandal".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bardot urged French television viewers to boycott horse meat and was soon the target of death threats in January 1994. Not backing off from the threats, she sent a letter to the French Minister of Agriculture, Jean Puech, calling on him to ban the sale of horse meat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bardot wrote a 1999 letter to Chinese President Jiang Zemin, published in French magazine VSD, in which she accused the Chinese of "torturing bears and killing the world's last tigers and rhinos to make aphrodisiacs".

File:BrigitteBardot.jpg
Bardot in 2002

She donated more than US$140,000 over two years in 2001 for a mass sterilization and adoption program for Bucharest's stray dogs, estimated to number 300,000.<ref name="bbc2">Template:Cite news</ref>

In August 2010, Bardot addressed a letter to Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, appealing for the sovereign to halt the killing of dolphins in the Faroe Islands. In the letter, Bardot describes the activity as a "macabre spectacle" that "is a shame for Denmark and the Faroe Islands ... This is not a hunt but a mass slaughter ... an outmoded tradition that has no acceptable justification in today's world".<ref>Brigitte Bardot pleads to Denmark in dolphin 'slaughter', AFP, 19 August 2010.</ref>

On 22 April 2011, French culture minister Frédéric Mitterrand officially included bullfighting in the country's cultural heritage. Bardot wrote him a highly critical letter of protest.<ref name=tel>Victoria Ward, Devorah Lauter (4 January 2013). "Brigitte Bardot's sick elephants add to circus over French wealth tax protests", telegraph.co.uk; accessed 4 August 2015.</ref> On 25 May 2011, the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society renamed its fast interceptor vessel, MV Gojira, as MV Brigitte Bardot in appreciation of her support.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

From 2013, the Brigitte Bardot Foundation, in collaboration with Kagyupa International Monlam Trust of India, operated an annual veterinary care camp. Bardot committed to the cause of animal welfare in Bodhgaya over several years.<ref>Bardot commits to animal welfare in Bodhgaya Template:Webarchive, phayul.com; accessed 4 August 2015.</ref>

On 23 July 2015, Bardot condemned Australian politician Greg Hunt's plan to eradicate 2 million cats to save endangered species such as the Warru and night parrot.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

At the age of 90, Bardot appealed to free Watson, who had been detained in Greenland since 21 July 2024, when Japan requested his extradition. Through a request expressed in mid-October 2024 by her lawyers and Sea Shepherd France, Bardot asked French President Emmanuel Macron to grant Watson political asylum. Bardot asked Macron to show "a little bit of courage". During that month, she initiated a demonstration in support of Watson in front of the Hôtel de Ville, Paris.<ref name="DeBreteuil221024"/> Bardot also wrote a letter to Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, asking her to "not choose the camp of the oceans gravediggers".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Personal lifeEdit

Marriages and relationshipsEdit

Bardot has been married four times, with her current marriage lasting far longer than the previous three combined. By her own count, she has had a total of 17 romantic relationships.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bardot would characteristically leave for another relationship when "the present was getting lukewarm"; she said, "I have always looked for passion. That's why I was often unfaithful. And when the passion was coming to an end, I was packing my suitcase".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On 20 December 1952, aged 18, Bardot married director Roger Vadim.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> They separated in 1956 after she became involved with And God Created Woman co-star Jean-Louis Trintignant, divorcing the next year.<ref name="twolives">Template:Cite book</ref> Trintignant at the time was married to actress Stéphane Audran. Bardot and Vadim had no children together, but remained in touch for the rest of his life and even collaborated on later projects. Bardot and Trintignant lived together for about two years, spanning the period before and after Bardot's divorce from Vadim, but they never married. Their relationship was complicated by Trintignant's frequent absence due to military service and Bardot's affair with musician Gilbert Bécaud.<ref name="InitialsBB">Template:Harvnb</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot - Sami Frey - Saint-Tropez - 1963.jpg
Bardot and Sami Frey in Saint-Tropez in 1963

After her separation from Vadim, Bardot acquired a historic property dating from the 16th century, called Le Castelet, in Cannes. The fourteen-bedroom villa, surrounded by lush gardens, olive trees, and vineyards, consisted of several buildings.<ref name="Castelet-sale">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1958, she bought a second property called La Madrague, located in Saint-Cyr-sur-Mer.<ref name="Castelet-sale"/> In early 1958, her breakup with Trintignant was followed in quick order by a reported nervous breakdown in Italy, according to newspaper reports. A suicide attempt with sleeping pills two days earlier was also noted but was denied by her public relations manager.<ref name="latimesblog">Template:Cite news</ref> She recovered within weeks, began a relationship with actor Jacques Charrier, and became pregnant well before they married on 18 June 1959. Bardot's only child, son Nicolas-Jacques Charrier, was born on 11 January 1960.<ref name="InitialsBB"/> Bardot had an affair with Glenn Ford in the early 1960s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After she and Charrier divorced in 1962, Nicolas was raised in the Charrier family and had little contact with his biological mother until his adulthood.<ref name="InitialsBB"/> Sami Frey was mentioned as the reason for her divorce from Charrier. Bardot was enamoured of Frey, but he quickly left her.<ref name="FD2018">Template:Cite news</ref>

From 1963 to 1965, she lived with musician Bob Zagury.<ref name="google2">Template:Cite book</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot and Sacha Distel in Italy 1958.jpg
Bardot with French singer Sacha Distel in 1958

Bardot's third marriage was to German millionaire playboy Gunter Sachs, lasting from 14 July 1966 to 7 October 1969, though they had separated the previous year.<ref name="InitialsBB"/><ref name="twolives"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> While filming Shalako, she rejected Sean Connery's advances; she said, "It didn't last long because I wasn't a James Bond girl! I have never succumbed to his charm!"<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1968, she began dating Patrick Gilles, who co-starred with her in The Bear and the Doll (1970); but she ended their relationship in spring 1971.<ref name="google2"/>

Over the next few years, Bardot dated bartender/ski instructor Christian Kalt, nightclub owner Luigi "Gigi" Rizzi, singer-songwriter Serge Gainsbourg, writer John Gilmore, actor Warren Beatty, and Laurent Vergez, her co-star in Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman.<ref name="google2"/><ref name="google3">Template:Cite book</ref>

In 1974, Bardot appeared in a nude photo shoot in Playboy magazine, which celebrated her 40th birthday. In 1975, she entered a relationship with artist Miroslav Brozek and posed for some of his sculptures. Brozek was also an occasional actor; his stage name is Template:Interlanguage link multi.<ref>Brigitte Bardot and sculptor Miroslav Brozek at La Madrague in St.-Tropez. June 1975, Getty Images</ref> The couple lived together for four years, separating in December 1979.<ref name="people.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

From 1980 to 1985, Bardot had a live-in relationship with French TV producer Template:Interlanguage link multi.<ref name="people.com"/> On 27 September 1983, the eve of her 49th birthday, Bardot took an overdose of sleeping pills or tranquilizers with red wine, then wandered out to the beach, where she was later pulled from the surf.<ref name="people.com"/> She had to be rushed to the hospital, where her life was saved after a stomach pump was used to evacuate the pills from her body.<ref name="people.com"/> Bardot was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1984.Template:Efn-ua She refused to undergo chemotherapy treatment and decided only to do radiation therapy. She recovered in 1986.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bardot's fourth and current husband is Bernard d'Ormale; they have been married since 16 August 1992.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> In 2018, in an interview accorded to Le Journal du Dimanche, she denied rumors of relationships with Johnny Hallyday, Jimi Hendrix, and Mick Jagger.<ref name="FD2018"/>

Politics and legal issuesEdit

Bardot expressed support for President Charles de Gaulle in the 1960s.<ref name="InitialsBB"/><ref name="nytimes"/>

In her 1999 book Le Carré de Pluton (Pluto's Square), Bardot criticizes the procedure used in the ritual slaughter of sheep during the Muslim festival of Eid al-Adha. Additionally, in a section in the book entitled "Open Letter to My Lost France," she writes that "my country, France, my homeland, my land is again invaded by an overpopulation of foreigners, especially Muslims." For this comment, a French court fined her 30,000 francs (about 4,200 US dollars in 2000<ref name=convert/>) in June 2000. She had been fined in 1997 for the original publication of this open letter in Le Figaro and again in 1998 for making similar remarks.<ref name="bbc1">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bbc3">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="bbc4">Template:Cite news</ref>

In her 2003 book, Un cri dans le silence (A Scream in the Silence), she contrasted her close gay friends with homosexuals who "jiggle their bottoms, put their little fingers in the air and with their little castrato voices moan about what those ghastly heteros put them through," and said some contemporary homosexuals behave like "fairground freaks."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In her own defence, Bardot wrote in a letter to a French gay magazine: "Apart from my husband—who maybe will cross over one day as well—I am entirely surrounded by homos. For years, they have been my support, my friends, my adopted children, my confidants."<ref name="Indep">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="race fine">Template:Cite news</ref>

In her book, she criticised racial mixing, immigration, the role of women in politics and Islam. The book also contained a section attacking what she called the mixing of genes, and praised previous generations which, she said, had given their lives to push out invaders.<ref name="race hate">Template:Cite news</ref> On 10 June 2004, Bardot was convicted for a fourth time by a French court for inciting racial hatred and fined €5,000.<ref name="indybay">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Bardot denied the racial hatred charge and apologized in court, saying: "I never knowingly wanted to hurt anybody. It is not in my character."<ref name="bbc5">Template:Cite news</ref> In 2008, Bardot was convicted of inciting racial/religious hatred in regard to a letter she wrote, a copy of which she sent to Nicolas Sarkozy when he was Interior Minister of France. The letter stated her objections to Muslims in France ritually slaughtering sheep by slitting their throats without anesthetizing them first. She also said, in reference to Muslims, that she was "fed up with being under the thumb of this population which is destroying us, destroying our country and imposing its habits." The trial concluded on 3 June 2008, with a conviction and fine of €15,000.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The prosecutor stated she was weary of charging Bardot with offences related to racial hatred.<ref name="race fine"/>

During the 2008 United States presidential election, Bardot branded Republican Party vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin as "stupid" and a "disgrace to women." She criticized the former Alaskan governor for her stance on global warming and gun control. She was further offended by Palin's support for Arctic oil exploration and by her lack of consideration in protecting polar bears.<ref>"Brigitte Bardot calls Sarah Palin a 'disgrace to women'" The Telegraph. 8 October 2008.</ref>

On 13 August 2010, Bardot criticised American filmmaker Kyle Newman for his plan to produce a biographical film about her. She told him, "Wait until I'm dead before you make a movie about my life!" otherwise "sparks will fly."<ref name="spy210115">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2014, Bardot wrote an open letter demanding the ban in France of Jewish ritual slaughter shechita. In response, the European Jewish Congress released a statement saying "Bardot has once again shown her clear insensitivity for minority groups with the substance and style of her letter...She may well be concerned for the welfare of animals but her longstanding support for the far-right and for discrimination against minorities in France shows a constant disdain for human rights instead."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2015, Bardot threatened to sue a Saint-Tropez boutique for selling items featuring her face.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2018, she expressed support for the Yellow vests protests.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In January 2018, Bardot called all the actresses claiming to have been victims of sexual harassments "hypocrites" and "ridiculous" in an interview with Paris Match : “Many actresses flirt with producers to get a role. Then when they tell the story afterwards, they say they have been harassed … in actual fact, rather than benefit them, it only harms them.” <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 19 March 2019, Bardot issued an open letter to Réunion prefect Template:Interlanguage link in which she accused inhabitants of the Indian Ocean island of animal cruelty and referred to them as "autochthones who have kept the genes of savages". In her letter relating to animal abuse and sent through her foundation, she mentioned the "beheadings of goats and billy goats" during festivals, and associated these practices with "reminiscences of cannibalism from past centuries". The public prosecutor filed a lawsuit the following day.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In June 2021, 86-year-old Bardot was fined €5,000 by the Arras court for public insults against hunters and their national president Template:Interlanguage link. She had published a post at the end of 2019 on her foundation's website, calling hunters "sub-men" and "drunkards" and carriers of "genes of cruel barbarism inherited from our primitive ancestors", and insulting Schraen. At the time of the hearing, she had not removed the comments from the website.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Following her letter sent to the prefect of Réunion in 2019, she was convicted on 4 November 2021 by a French court for public insults and fined €20,000, the largest of her fines to date.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bardot's husband Bernard d'Ormale is a former adviser to Jean-Marie Le Pen, former leader of the far-right party National Front (which became National Rally), the main far-right party in France.<ref name="twolives"/><ref name="nytimes">Template:Cite news</ref> Bardot expressed support for Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Front (National Rally), calling her "the Joan of Arc of the 21st century".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She endorsed Le Pen in the 2012 and 2017 French presidential elections.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Bardot has been convicted of inciting racial hatred multiple times, having received six separate fines for the offense as of November 2021.<ref name="vanityfair.com"/>

LegacyEdit

Template:Quote box The Guardian named Bardot "one of the most iconic faces, models, and actors of the 1950s and 1960s". She has been called a "style icon" and a "muse for Dior, Balmain, and Pierre Cardin".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In fashion, the Bardot neckline (a wide-open neck that exposes both shoulders) is named after her. Bardot popularized this style, which is especially used for knitted sweaters or jumpers, although it is also used for other tops and dresses. Bardot popularized the bikini in her early films such as Manina (1952) (released in France as Manina, la fille sans voiles). The following year she was also photographed in a bikini on every beach in southern France during the Cannes Film Festival.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She gained additional attention when she filmed ...And God Created Woman (1956) with Jean-Louis Trintignant (released in France as Et Dieu Créa La Femme). In it Bardot portrays an immoral teenager cavorting in a bikini who seduces men in a respectable small-town setting. The film was an international success.<ref name="twolives"/> Bardot's image was linked to the shoemaker Repetto, who created a pair of ballerinas for her in 1956.<ref name="Grazia-bio">Template:Cite news</ref> The bikini was in the 1950s relatively well accepted in France but was still considered risqué in the United States. As late as 1959, Anne Cole, one of the United States' largest swimsuit designers, said, "It's nothing more than a G-string. It's at the razor's edge of decency."<ref name=WOJSI>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

File:Brigitte Bardot in Spoleto, Italy, 1961.jpg
Bardot in Spoleto, Italy (1961)

She also brought into fashion the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (Template:Literal translation) hairstyle (similar to the beehive hair style) and gingham clothes after wearing a checkered pink dress, designed by Jacques Esterel, at her wedding to Charrier.<ref name=femstyle>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> French philosopher Simone de Beauvoir described Bardot as "a locomotive of women's history".<ref name="Borg2017"/>

Isabella Biedenharn of Elle wrote that Bardot "has inspired thousands (millions?) of women to tease their hair or try out winged eyeliner over the past few decades". A well-known evocative pose describes an iconic modelling portrait shot around 1960 where Bardot is dressed only in a pair of black pantyhose, cross-legged over her front and cross-armed over her breasts; known as the "Bardot Pose".<ref>Template:Cite news Slide 18</ref> This pose has been emulated numerous times by models and celebrities such as Lindsay Lohan,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Elle Macpherson,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Gisele Bündchen,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Rihanna.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the late 1960s, Bardot's silhouette was used as a model for designing and modelling the statue's bust of Marianne, a symbol of the French Republic.<ref name="Bricard2020"/>

In addition to popularizing the bikini swimming suit, Bardot has been credited with popularizing the city of St. Tropez and the town of Armação dos Búzios in Brazil, which she visited in 1964 with her boyfriend at the time, Brazilian musician Bob Zagury. The place where she stayed in Búzios is today a small hotel, Pousada do Sol, and also a French restaurant, Cigalon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The town hosts a Bardot statue by Christina Motta.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Bardot was idolized by the young John Lennon and Paul McCartney.<ref name="MilesPage69">Template:Cite book pg. 69.</ref><ref name="Spitzp171">Template:Cite book pg. 171.</ref> They made plans to shoot a film featuring The Beatles and Bardot, similar to A Hard Day's Night, but the plans were never fulfilled.<ref name="twolives"/> Lennon's first wife Cynthia Powell lightened her hair colour to more closely resemble Bardot, while George Harrison made comparisons between Bardot and his first wife Pattie Boyd, as Cynthia wrote later in A Twist of Lennon. Lennon and Bardot met in person once, in 1968 at the May Fair Hotel, introduced by Beatles press agent Derek Taylor; a nervous Lennon took LSD before arriving, and neither star impressed the other. Lennon recalled in a memoir: "I was on acid, and she was on her way out."<ref name="LennonPage24">Template:Cite book pg. 24.</ref> According to the liner notes of his first (self-titled) album, musician Bob Dylan dedicated the first song he ever wrote to Bardot. He also mentioned her by name in "I Shall Be Free", which appeared on his second album, The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan. The first-ever official exhibition spotlighting Bardot's influence and legacy opened in Boulogne-Billancourt on 29 September 2009 – a day after her 75th birthday.<ref>Brigitte Bardot at 75: the exhibition Template:Webarchive, connexionfrance.com, September 2009; accessed 4 August 2015.</ref>

Bardot was the subject of eight Andy Warhol paintings in 1974.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

The Australian pop group Bardot was named after her.

File:Statue of Brigitte Bardot in Rio de Janeiro.jpg
Brigitte Bardot statue in Búzios, Brazil

Kylie Minogue adopted the Bardot "sex kitten look" on the cover of her album Body Language, released in 2003.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Women who emulated and were inspired by Bardot include Claudia Schiffer, Emmanuelle Béart, Elke Sommer, Kate Moss, Faith Hill, Isabelle Adjani, Diane Kruger, Lara Stone, Minogue, Amy Winehouse, Georgia May Jagger, Zahia Dehar, Scarlett Johansson, Louise Bourgoin, and Paris Hilton. Bardot said: "None have my personality." Laetitia Casta embodied Bardot in the 2010 French drama film Gainsbourg: A Heroic Life by Joann Sfar.Template:Sfn

In 2011, Los Angeles Times MagazineTemplate:'s list of "50 Most Beautiful Women in Film" ranked her number two.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

A portrait of Bardot by Warhol, commissioned by Sachs in 1974, was sold at Sotheby's in London on 22 and 23 May 2012. The painting, estimated at Template:Currency million, was part of Sachs' art collection put on sale a year after his death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

She inspired Nicole Kidman, who had "Bardot-esque" hair in the 2013 British brand Jimmy Choo campaign.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2015, Bardot was ranked number six in "The Top Ten Most Beautiful Women of All Time", according to a survey carried out by Amway's beauty company in the UK involving 2,000 women.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2020, Vogue named Bardot number one of "The most beautiful French actresses of all time".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a retrospective retracing women throughout the history of cinema, she was listed among "the most accomplished, talented and beautiful actresses of all time" by Glamour.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The French drama television series Bardot was broadcast on France 2 in 2023. It stars Julia de Nunez and is about Bardot's career from her first casting at age 15 and until the filming of La Vérité ten years later.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2023, she was mentioned in Olivia Rodrigo's song "Lacy" from her album Guts,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Chappell Roan's "Red Wine Supernova" from her album The Rise and Fall of a Midwest Princess.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

FilmographyEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

DiscographyEdit

Studio albumsEdit

Year Original title Translation Songwriters(s) Label Main tracks
1956 Et dieu... créa la femme
(music from Roger Vadim's motion picture) 		"And God Created Woman" Paul Misraki Versailles
1963 Brigitte Bardot Sings Serge Gainsbourg
Claude Bolling
Jean-Max Rivière
Fernand Bonifay
Spencer Williams
Gérard Bourgeois 		Philips "L'appareil à sous"
"Invitango"
"Les amis de la musique"
"La Madrague"
"El Cuchipe"
1964 B.B. André Popp
Jean-Michel Rivat
Jean-Max Rivière
Fernand Bonifay
Gérard Bourgeois 		"Moi je joue"
"Une histoire de plage"
"Maria Ninguém"
"Je danse donc je suis"
"Ciel de lit"
1968 Bonnie and Clyde
(with Serge Gainsbourg) 		Serge Gainsbourg
Alain Goraguer
Spencer Williams
Jean-Max Rivière 		Fontana "Bonnie and Clyde"
"Bubble Gum"
"Comic Strip"
Show Serge Gainsbourg
Francis Lai
Jean-Max Rivière 		AZ "Harley Davidson"
"Ay Que Viva La Sangria"
"Contact"

Other notable singlesEdit

Year Original Title Translation Songwriters(s) Label
1962 "Sidonie"
(music from Louis Malle's the motion picture Vie Privée) 		Fiorenzo Capri
Charles Cros
Jean-Max Rivière 		Barclay
1965 "Viva Maria!"
(music from Louis Malle's eponymous motion picture)
(with Jeanne Moreau) 		Jean-Claude Carrière
Georges Delerue 		Philips
1966 "Le soleil" "The Sun" Jean-Max Rivière
Gérard Bourgeois 		AZ
1969 "La fille de paille" "The Straw Girl" Franck Gérald
Gérard Lenorman 		Philips
1970 "Tu veux ou tu veux pas"
"(Nem Vem Que Nao Tem)" 		"Do You Want or Not" Pierre Cour
Carlos Imperial 		Barclay
"Nue au soleil" "Naked Under the Sun" Jean Fredenucci
Jean Schmidtt
1972 "Tu es venu mon amour" / "Vous Ma Lady"
(with Laurent Vergez) 		"You Came My Love" / "You My Lady" Hugues Aufray
Eddy Marnay
Eddie Barclay
"Boulevard du rhum"
(with Guy Marchand)
(music from Robert Enrico's motion picture) 		"Boulevard of Rhum" François De Roubaix
Jean-Paul-Egide Martini
1973 "Soleil de ma vie"
(with Sacha Distel) 		"Sun of My Life" Stevie Wonder
Jean Broussolle 		Pathé
1982 "Toutes les bêtes sont à aimer" "All Animals Must Be Loved" Jean-Max Rivière Polydor
1986 "Je t'aime... moi non plus"
(with Serge Gainsbourg)
(released and shelved in 1968) 		"I Love You... Me Neither" Serge Gainsbourg Philips

BooksEdit

Bardot has also written five books:

  • Noonoah: Le petit phoque blanc (Grasset, 1978)
  • Initiales B.B. (autobiography, Grasset & Fasquelle, 1996)
  • Le Carré de Pluton (Grasset & Fasquelle, 1999)
  • Un Cri Dans Le Silence (Editions Du Rocher, 2003)
  • Pourquoi? (Editions Du Rocher, 2006)

AccoladesEdit

Awards and nominationsEdit

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HonoursEdit

  • 1980: Medal of the City of Trieste.<ref name="SSCS-bio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Other sources Template:Refbegin

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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