British Forces Broadcasting Service

The British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides radio and television programmes for His Majesty's Armed Forces, and their dependents worldwide. Editorial control is independent of the Ministry of Defence and the armed forces themselves.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was established by the British War Office (now the Ministry of Defence) in 1943. In 1944, it was managed by Gale Pedrick.<ref name="Times-57802">Template:Cite news Template:Subscription required</ref>

History

File:BFBS logo.png

Former logo, used until March 2020

Originally known as the Forces Broadcasting Service (FBS), it was initially under the control of the British Army Welfare Service, its first effort, the Middle East Broadcasting Unit, being headquartered in Cairo.<ref>On the Short Waves, 1923-1945: Broadcast Listening in the Pioneer Days of Radio, Jerome S. Berg, McFarland, 1999, page 215</ref>

Before and after the end of the Second World War various radio stations were set up, some using the FBS name, others using the name British Forces Network (BFN), but by the early 1960s these had all adopted the BFBS name.<ref>Encyclopedia of Radio 3, Volume Set, Christopher H. Sterling, Routledge, 2004, page 379</ref>

From 1982 until 2020, BFBS formed part of the Services Sound and Vision Corporation (SSVC), a registered charity which is also responsible for the British Defence Film Library, SSVC Cinemas (now BFBS Cinemas), and Combined Services Entertainment (CSE; now BFBS Live Events), providing entertainment for HM Forces around the world. In March 2020, most of the properties under the SSVC umbrella were rebranded under the new BFBS and Forces brandings.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On 23 July 2020, SSVC was renamed BFBS.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> BFBS does not carry commercial advertising.<ref>'Our aim is to entertain and inform', BBC News, 20 July 2004</ref>

BFBS Radio

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BFBS Radio operates 22 radio stations, broadcast on a combination of local DAB, FM and AM frequencies, online and on digital television.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> BFBS Radio is a music, news, entertainment and community service providing bespoke content to the global Forces Community with a focus on Forces News and connecting the Forces communities around the world.

Broadcasting

BFBS broadcasts to service personnel and their families and friends worldwide with local radio studios in Belize, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Germany, Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Nepal and operational areas.<ref>British Forces Broadcasting Service: Good morning Afghanistan!, Angus Batey, The Guardian, 29 September 2011</ref> In addition, BFBS the Forces Station<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> is heard by troops in Ascension Island, Bahrain, Belgium, Bosnia, Estonia, and the Netherlands, as well as onboard Royal Navy ships at sea via live satellite links, online at Template:Url, on Sky channel 0211 in the United Kingdom only, via an Astra 2 transponder and on Freesat channel 786.

From 12 January 2008, BFBS began a trial period of broadcasting nationwide across the UK on DAB, which ran until 31 March 2008. Audience research carried out during the trial concluded that it was successful and broadcasts continued for eight years<ref name="DAB re-armed with BFBS radio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> until 6 March 2017 when the service ceased due to the cost to the charity SSVC.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 1 April 2013, BFBS began a new 10-year contract for to supply all forces broadcasting service to British troops around the world and expanded its service to UK army bases formerly served by Garrison Radio.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> BFBS UK base stations now broadcast using DAB in Aldershot, Aldergrove, Blandford, Bovington, Brize Norton, Bulford, Catterick, Colchester, Edinburgh, Fort George, Holywood, Inverness, Lisburn, and Portsmouth.<ref name="auto"/>

Programming

Bespoke news bulletins are broadcast every hour, 24 hours a day, utilising content from BBC News, IRN and BFBS's own team of Forces News reporters. The standard bulletin is three minutes long, with extended ten-minute Newsplus programmes on weekdays at 0400, 0700, 1100, 1300 and 1700 UK time. Two-minute-long news and sport headlines are broadcast on the half-hour during breakfast programming. Bulletins are broadcast around the clock on BFBS the Forces Station and BFBS Gurkha Radio, and during BFBS Radio 2's music programming.

Many of the programmes on BFBS Radio 2 are sourced from BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live, including the soap opera The Archers, which was popular in Hong Kong until BFBS Radio ceased broadcasting on 30 June 1997 before the handover to China.<ref>Hong Kong's farewell to the Archers ... from Pete and Dud The Independent 16 April 1997</ref> BFBS UK is a contemporary hit 'pop' station. It is similar in style to BBC Radio 2, playing current music and chat, as well as regular news bulletins.

On 31 May 2010, BBC Radio 1 teamed up with BFBS to transmit the 10-hour takeover show from Camp Bastion with BFBS presenters and shout outs from the military community.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It repeated the link-up in 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In December 2011, the UK's Smooth Radio broadcast its national breakfast show, presented by Simon Bates, from the BFBS studios in Camp Bastion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On 8 April 2012, Easter Sunday, BFBS simulcast a two-hour show with Smooth, presented jointly by Bates and BFBS's Rachel Cochrane, allowing family and friends of serving troops to connect with their loved ones.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

BFBS Radio stations

BFBS currently has three main stations: BFBS the Forces Station (each with regional content), BFBS Radio 2 and BFBS Gurkha Network. In addition, there are themed online stations under the BFBS branding; they are Beats, Rewind, Best of British (replaced Unwind), Edge (formerly Dirt) and Samishran.

BFBS Gurkha Network broadcasts on AM and DAB in selected UK locations as well as on FM in the Falkland Islands, Afghanistan, Brunei, Nepal, Belize and on Ops. It provides programmes in Nepali, for the Gurkha units serving with the British Army.<ref>Gurkha Radio staff from Nepal visit UK Template:Webarchive, BFBS, 25 March 2014</ref>

BFBS broadcast in Malta until 25 March 1979, when British forces left the islands.<ref>A microphone and a frequency: forty years of forces broadcasting, Doreen Taylor, Heinemann, 1983, page 174</ref> It ceased broadcasts from Berlin on 15 July 1994, following the end of the Cold War, German reunification, and the withdrawal of British forces from the city, after 33 years.<ref>This Is the British Forces Network. The Story of Forces Broadcasting in Germany, Alan Grace, Alan Sutton, page 71</ref> The BFBS Berlin frequency was given up on 12 December 1994. BFBS broadcast in Hong Kong until 30 June 1997, before Chinese People's Liberation Army replaced British forces in the city. BFBS also broadcast on FM in Belize, from Airport Camp near Belize City.<ref>World Radio TV Handbook, Volume 43, O. Lund Johansen, 1989, page 276</ref> These broadcasts could also be received in eastern parts of Guatemala.<ref>Central America, Emily Hatchwell, Simon Calder, Vacation Work, 1991, page 142</ref> It ceased broadcasting in Belize in August 2011.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The station re-opened in 2016.<ref>We're proud to say that we're back on air in Belize, serving the forces community. Tune in > BFBS Belize 94.3MHz FM, Twitter, 16 August 2016</ref>

Service	Description	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	Webcast
Template:Url	Contemporary music, speech	Template:Ubl	Template:Url
Template:Url	Popular music, news, sport		Template:Url
Template:Url	Programming for Gurkhas	Template:Ubl	Template:Url

Local stations

Service	Description	Frequency<ref name=":0"/>	Webcast
BFBS Ascension Island	Local service	BFBS Radio: Template:Ubl
BFBS Bahrain	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 99.1
BFBS Belgium	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 107.7 (SHAPE)
BFBS Belize	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 94.3 BFBS Radio 2: FM: 96.3 BFBS Gurkha Network: FM: 98.3
BFBS Bosnia	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 102.0 (Butmir Camp) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 106.9 (Butmir Camp)
Template:Url	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 101.7 (Seria) BFBS Gurhka Network: FM: 89.5 (Seria) FM: 92.0 (Sitang Camp)	Template:Url
Template:Url CKBF-FM	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: CKBF-FM 104.1 (Ralston Village / BATUS) FM: 98.1 (CFB Suffield A-Line)	Template:Url
Template:Url	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 89.9 (Akrotiri) FM: 91.7 (Ayios Nikolaos) FM: 91.7 (Nicosia) FM: 99.6 (Dhekelia) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 92.1 (Akrotiri) FM: 89.7 (Ayios Nikolaos) FM: 89.7 (Nicosia) FM: 95.3 (Dhekelia)	Template:Url
BFBS Estonia	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 94.9 (Camp Tapa) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 89.2 (Camp Tapa)
Template:Url	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 102.4 (Byron Heights, Mount Alice, Mount Kent) FM: 98.5 (MPA) FM: 91.1 (Sapper Hill) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 104.2 (Byron Heights, Mount Alice, Mount Kent) FM: 93.8 (MPA) FM: 94.5 (Sapper Hill)	Template:Url
Template:Url	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 91.7 (Friedrichdorf) FM 101.6 (Herford) FM: 96.6 (Porta Westfalica) FM: 105.0 (Sennelager) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 89.6 (Porta Westfalica) FM: 91.2 (Sennelager)	Template:Url
Template:Url	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 97.8 (O'Haras Battery) FM: 93.5 (Oyster Cottage) BFBS Radio 2: FM: 99.5 (O'Haras Battery) FM: 89.4 (Oyster Cottage)	Template:Url
BFBS Nepal	Local service	BFBS Gurkha Network: FM: 105.7 (Kathmandu) FM: 107.5 (Dharan Town Area) BFBS Radio 2:	Template:Url
BFBS Netherlands	Local service	BFBS Radio: FM: 90.2 (NATO JFC Brunssum)
BFBS Singapore	Local service	BFBS Radio: Online available (British Defence Singapore Support Unit)
Template:Url	Local service	Template:Ubl
Template:Url	Local service	Template:Ubl
Template:Url	Local service	FM: Template:Frequency
BFBS Bovington	Local service	FM: 100.8 MHz
BFBS Bulford	Local service	FM: 106.8 MHz
Template:Url	Local service	FM: Template:Frequency
Template:Url	Local service	FM: Template:Frequency
Template:Anchor Template:Url	Local service	Template:Ubl	Template:Url
Template:Url	Local service	DAB+: SSDAB (Salisbury Plain) FM: Template:Frequency
Template:Url	Local service	Template:Ubl

Themed stations

Service	Description	Launched	Webcast
Template:Url	Rhythmic contemporary		Template:Url
Template:Url	Rock and indie music	28 March 2022	Template:Url
Template:Url	Classic hits		Template:Url
Template:Url	British popular music	2022	Template:Url
url}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:URL with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | 1 | 2 }}	Nepali and Hindi music		Template:Url

BFBS Television

BFBS Television started in Celle, near Hanover in the then West Germany, on 18 September 1975 from Trenchard Barracks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This used taped broadcasts from the BBC and ITV, flown to Germany from London, which were then rebroadcast using low-power UHF transmitters.<ref>Coronation Street for the Rhine Army, New Scientist, 4 September 1975</ref> Live broadcasts of news and sport began in 1982, using a microwave link between the UK and West Germany, extending as far east as West Berlin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The BFBS TV service used the 625-line PAL system, used in the UK as well as West Germany.<ref>Eighth Report from the Expenditure Committee Session 1977-78, Papers by command, Volume 34, HMSO, 1977, page 92</ref> By 1982, it was available at 50 sites throughout northern and central regions of West Germany.<ref>In West Germany: Military Networks Spreading Pop, Billboard, Billboard – 27 March 1982</ref>

It was known as SSVC Television (Services Sound and Vision Corporation) between 1985 and 1997, when it reverted to the BFBS name.<ref>Rundfunk und Fernsehen, Volume 45, Nomos, 1997, page 339</ref> Today it broadcasts live via satellite. DVDs are still sent to forces serving in more remote areas. There was also a service known as Navy TV, which broadcast time-shifted versions of the channel to Royal Navy vessels around the world via military satellite.<ref>BFBS buys system, Broadcast, 4 March 2004</ref>

Programmes

Most programmes came from the BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5 and Sky, including news from BBC News, Sky News and ITN, and sport from BBC Sport and Sky Sports. BFBS also has its own programmes, including the daily news bulletin programme Daily Forces News.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Availability

BFBS Television was broadcast in some areas as a terrestrial service in the clear using low-power transmitters to minimise "overspill" to non-service audiences and protect copyright.<ref name="The Vital Link">The Vital Link: The Story of Royal Signals 1945-1985, Philip Warner, Pen and Sword, 1989 page 258</ref> Despite this, it could be received in West Berlin,<ref>Berlin, Andrew Gumbel, Cadogan Books, 1991, page 239</ref> and its listings were carried in local German language magazines.<ref>Zitty, Volume 18, Issues 17-19, Zitty Verlag GmbH, 1994</ref> However, the signal was largely confined to the British Sector, reflecting the situation with its American counterpart, AFN TV, whose signal was similarly limited to the American Sector.<ref>750 Years Berlin 1987: Information, Presse und Informationsamt des Landes Berlin, 1987, page 85</ref>

Until 1997, it was also widely available in Cyprus, but its signal was encrypted or confined to the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.<ref>Insight Guide Cyprus, Julia Roles, Ingram Publishing Services, 1999, page 288</ref> Following complaints from local broadcasters like Lumiere TV, which had bought local rights to show English football and other programming,<ref>Cyprus telly addicts lose link to Britain, The Times, 2 April 1997</ref> the decision was made to encrypt the signal, starting with Nicosia in April 1997 and ending with Larnaca and Limassol in May 1998.<ref>BFBS pulls the plug on Larnaca viewers, Cyprus Mail 10 May 1998</ref> The decision was criticised by MPs in an Early Day Motion.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> BFBS later ended terrestrial transmissions of its TV channel in Cyprus in January 2009.<ref>BFBS TV in Cyprus leaves the airwaves, Famagusta Gazette, 9 January 2009</ref>

However, as a result of card sharing by services personnel, BFBS TV (later BFBS 1) was available to unentitled viewers on the island, along with other channels until 2011, when an illegal pay-TV service was closed down in a joint operation by the Cyprus Police and the Audiovisual Anti-Piracy Alliance.<ref>Joint police and industry action brings down card sharing pirate, Audiovisual Anti-Piracy Alliance, 21 June 2011</ref>

In the Falkland Islands, SSVC TV was originally only available to entitled viewers in Mount Pleasant, and when a repeater in Sapper Hill was installed by civilians to relay the signal to Stanley in 1988, it was shut down owing to issues related to broadcasting rights for US programming.<ref>TV Or Not TV: That Is The Question, Penguin News, 4 November 1988</ref> It was only on Christmas Eve of that year that the service became available to civilian residents.<ref>SSVC Christmas & New Year Television, Penguin News, 24 December 1988</ref> Initially this consisted of prerecorded programmes brought over on cassette from the UK, meaning that they were shown two weeks after the UK,<ref>A Little Piece of England, Andrew Gurr, John Blake, 2001, page 81</ref> However, in 1997, the channel, by now rebranded as BFBS, was broadcast via satellite, enabling news and sport to be shown on the same day as they had been shown in the UK, but timeshifted by three to four hours to take account of the time difference.<ref>BFBS go live - almost, Penguin News, 5 December 1997</ref> This expanded the civilian terrestrial TV service as part of a digital upgrade, which included BFBS 1 and BFBS 2.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> BFBS 1 and 2 also became available to civilian audiences in Tristan da Cunha.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

British Forces and their families stationed at British Army Training Unit Suffield (BATUS), located at Canadian Forces Base Suffield in Canada, had access to BFBS 1, a limited amount of BFBS 2 and BFBS 3 and Sky News on a 7-hour timeshift from CET.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During the day, the television channel that BFBS 2/3 broadcast on, played BFBS Radio 1.

Content and channels

Until 27 March 2013, there were five BFBS Television services:

• BFBS 1 (launched in September 1975; formerly BFBS Television and SSVC Television) – general programming from chat shows to soap operas, dramas to news, documentaries to sport. Relayed the BBC News Channel overnight and was later replaced by BBC One.
• BFBS 2 (launched in 2001) – a six-hour block of general entertainment and sports programmes shown four times around the clock. Replaced by a variation of BBC Two and merged with BFBS 3 Kids.
• BFBS 3 Kids (launched in 2008) – children's programming and factual entertainment.
• BFBS 4 (launched in May 2008) – movie channel with two films a day, each shown six times around the clock.
• BFBS 1 Day Later (launched in 2008) – time-shifted channel which aired programmes from the previous day later at peak time in Afghanistan.

A combined version of the four main channels, called BFBS Navy TV, was available on some naval vessels.

In 2005, BFBS also began distributing commercial networks Kiss TV (previously Q), Sky News, Sky Sports 1 and Sky Sports 2 to certain areas. It also started a movie channel on 2 May 2008, using money that it saved following the Premier League's decision to waive the £250,000 rights fee.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2010, BFBS also added Nepali TV (a TV channel in the Nepali language, based in the UK) to its channel line-up for the benefit of Gurkha soldiers.<ref>Arqiva adds Nepali TV to SSVC’s British Forces platforms, Arqiva, 10 December 2010</ref> This was replaced by Nepal Television (the state TV broadcaster of Nepal) on 1 March 2016.<ref>Nepal TV to broadcast live on BFBS TV (press release), SSVC (via Facebook)</ref>

Service changes

SSVC was awarded a new ten-year contract by the Ministry of Defence commencing on 1 April 2013. Fewer overseas troop deployments and reduced budgets resulted in a change to the previous TV service.<ref>UK Forces broadcasting contract begins, Ministry of Defence, 2 April 2013</ref>

Since 27 March 2013, BFBS TV has offered timeshifted versions of BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, as well as two channels of its own. BFBS Extra offers a variety of entertainment programming from W (formerly Watch), Dave, Sky One, National Geographic Channel, ITV2, 3 and 4, the History Channel, Sky Atlantic and previously Channel 4 and Channel 5. BFBS Sport carries sport from BT Sport (replacing ESPN), Sky Sports, and Eurosport.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

BBC Two carries children's programming from CBBC until the late afternoon or early evening, while BFBS Extra carries programming from CBeebies until the evening. Additionally, the BBC One and ITV feeds are timeshifted to hit peak time in local time zones. Channel 4 and Channel 5 later became available as separate channels in 2019.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Forces TV

On 10 June 2014, SSVC launched Forces TV, a new channel aimed at the British Armed Forces. It was available on BFBS, Sky channel 181 in the United Kingdom only, Virgin Media channel 274 in the United Kingdom, Freeview channel 96, Freesat channel 165,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and on satellite Eutelsat 10A (10°E) alongside BFBS the Forces Station and on Astra2 satellite 28°E free-to-air. Its content was a mixture of news reports, entertainment, documentaries and features produced by BFBS. It was independent from the Ministry of Defence and was funded through advertising and sponsorship.<ref>Forces TV will be 'essential viewing' for British public, says PM David Cameron as channel launches, The Drum, 10 June 2014</ref> On 30 June 2022, due to the loss of its Freeview channel slot, Forces TV closed down forever at 11:00am.

BFBS Online

In recent years BFBS services have become available online, in order to allow British service personnel stationed all over the world to stay connect no matter how remote.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It is available through the BFBS website and App as well as other media platforms such as YouTube. The BFBS online services allow for free access to the BFBS Radio Service, Entertainment and Sports services, BFBS Forces News (Available also via its own website), Documentaries, Podcasts and inter-service sports competition coverage as well as other BFBS services.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Literature

• Alan Grace: This Is the British Forces Network. The Story of Forces Broadcasting in Germany. Stroud (1996) Template:ISBN
• Alan Grace: The Link With Home. 60 Years of Forces Radio. Chalfont (2003) Template:ISBN
• Doreen Taylor: A Microphone and a Frequency. Forty Years of Forces Broadcasting. London (1983) Template:ISBN and Template:ISBN
• Oliver Zöllner: BFBS: 'Freund in der Fremde'. British Forces Broadcasting Service (Germany) – der britische Militärrundfunk in Deutschland. Göttingen (1996) [in German] Template:ISBN.
• Oliver Zöllner: "Forces Broadcasting: A 'Friend' Abroad", in Communications, Vol. 21 (1996), issue 4, pp. 447–466 ISSN 0341-2059.
• Peter McDonagh: Me and Thirteen Tanks: Tales of a Cold War Freelance Spy. London (2014) Template:ISBN.
• Ivor Wynne Jones: BFBS Cyprus: 1948–1998. (1998) Template:ISBN.

See also

• American Forces Network
• Canadian Forces Radio and Television
• Radio forces françaises de Berlin
• Radio Wolga
• BBC Allied Expeditionary Forces Programme
• BBC Forces Programme
• BBC General Forces Programme

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• Template:Official website