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Cheshire Lines Committee

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Use British English Template:Infobox rail The Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) was formed in the 1860s and became the second-largest joint railway in Great Britain.Template:Sfn The committee, which was often styled the Cheshire Lines Railway, operated Template:Convert of track in the then counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.Template:Sfn The railway did not become part of the Big Four during the implementation of the 1923 grouping, surviving independently with its own management until the railways were nationalised at the beginning of 1948.Template:Sfn The railway served Liverpool, Manchester, Stockport, Warrington, Widnes, Northwich, Winsford, Knutsford, Chester and Southport with connections to many other railways.Template:Sfn

FormationEdit

The Cheshire Lines Committee evolved in the late 1850s from the close working together of two railways, the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and the Great Northern Railway (GNR); this was in their desire to break the near monopoly on rail traffic held by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) in the Southern Lancashire and Northern Cheshire areas.Template:Sfn The CLC operated in an area which included the rapidly growing major cities of Manchester and Liverpool, the developing Lancashire coal fields and the growth of the Mersey's seaborne trade.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

In 1857, the GNR and MS&LR arranged to work closer together. The MS&LR had just come out of an unhappy alliance with the LNWR and the GNR was motivated by the opportunity to gain access to Manchester, via the MS&LR route from Retford.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A joint MS&LR/GNR service between Manchester London Road and London Kings Cross was provided and the arrangements were formalised by Parliament in the Great Northern and Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Traffic Arrangements Act 1858 (21 & 22 Vict. c. cxiii).Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn

Relations between the LNWR and MS&LR companies were never strong, but they deteriorated in 1859 when the MS&LR supported several new railways in the Manchester area; two of which, the Cheshire Midland (incorporated 14 June 1860) and the Stockport and Woodley Junction (incorporated 15 May 1860) were to form part of the initial CLC.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

In 1860, the MS&LR was interested in three additional bills that would extend its influence towards Liverpool and Chester; they were the Garston & Liverpool (incorporated 17 May 1861), the Stockport, Timperley & Altrincham Junction (incorporated 17 May 1861) and the West Cheshire (incorporated 11 July 1861). Unfortunately, the MS&LR was unable to fund the building of these railways by itself.Template:EfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The shortage of funds led to a variety of negotiations, including the potential of a merger with the GNR, but eventually an agreement was reached on 11 June 1862 between the MS&LR and the GNR.Template:Sfn The arrangement was for the establishment of a joint committee to regulate and work traffic on four of the railways already authorised but not yet open. The lines were:

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Template:Anchor Template:Infobox UK legislation Each company was to provide an equal amount of capital and four representatives to the joint management committee. This arrangement was confirmed by the Great Northern Railway (Cheshire Lines) Act 1863 (26 & 27 Vict. c. cxlvii); this was the first official use of Cheshire Lines and at the time it was entirely appropriate as the majority of the lines involved were in Cheshire.Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn This act had not, however, formally set up a separate legal body, providing instead for the two companies to manage and work the four railways through their existing structures.Template:Sfn

In 1861, the two partners, MS&LR & GNR, had been authorised by the Garston and Liverpool Railway Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict. c. xxxv) to construct the Garston and Liverpool Railway which made an end-on connection with the St Helens Canal and Railway Company at Template:Rws. This line opened on 1 June 1864 and ran for Template:Convert to a terminus at Liverpool Brunswick. This terminus station was only in use from 1864 to 1874, when it was superseded by Liverpool Central,Template:Sfn but it did have an extended life as a goods station.Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn The act included a short (Template:Convert) line to connect a goods station, Wavertree Road (later Wavertree and Edge Hill), to the LNWR at Edge Hill and running powers from there to Garston.Template:Sfn

Included within this act were running powers between Garston Dock and Timperley Junction using the lines of the LNWR through Widnes, Warrington and Lymm. Template:Efn and then the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) through to Manchester.Template:Sfn The jointly administered lines at this time were known as The Liverpool, Garston & Cheshire Railways.Template:Sfn

Liverpool Brunswick station was inconveniently situated near the Southern docks, a good distance from the city centre. This necessitated the railway to transport passengers and their goods by omnibus into the city centre.Template:Sfn To rectify this, the partners applied to build an extension railway and this resulted in the building of a difficult line, mainly in tunnels, to a new Template:Rws, with powers granted by the Liverpool Central Station Railway Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. ccxc).Template:NoteTag

The Midland Railway (MR) secured a route into Manchester city centre in 1862 and they began to look at options to secure traffic to the west of Manchester and particularly into Liverpool. This led to their associating with the MS&LR and GNR and their partnership working of the lines mentioned above.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Template:Anchor Template:Infobox UK legislation These lines were brought together under the direct joint ownership of the MS&LR and GNR by the Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. cccxxvii). They were:Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The act additionally gave powers for the MR to join as an equal partner, which it did in 1866.Template:Sfn

Template:Infobox UK legislation The MS&LR's Template:Rws and Template:Rws Branch Railway was transferred to the CLC by the Template:Visible anchor (29 & 30 Vict. c. cccli).Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn This left a small section (Template:Convert) of track between Apethorne Junction and Woodley Junction that still belonged to the Sheffield and Midland Joint Railway, with the CLC having running powers.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Template:Infobox UK legislation The Cheshire Lines Committee was finally authorised, by the Template:Visible anchor (30 & 31 Vict. c. ccvii), as a fully independent organisation with a board formed from three directors from each of the parent companies.Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn Template:Cheshire Lines Committee c1870

Manchester to LiverpoolEdit

In 1864, Mr Edward Watkin, the MS&LR's chairman, proposed a more direct railway from Manchester to connect with the Garston and Liverpool Railway; this was mainly on the grounds that the existing arrangements for running powers on LNWR lines were inadequate.Template:Sfn He had a point, as the lines were being used by three companies and had several curves that needed careful, and therefore slow, negotiation; there were 95 level-crossings and 60 or more signals in each direction.Template:Sfn

This proposal was made in the name of the MS&LR only, but Mr Watkin solicited support from the other CLC partners as it was in their interest, because of a competing potential alliance between the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) and the Great Eastern Railway (GER).Template:Sfn This proposal led to the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Extension to Liverpool) Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. ccclxxviii);Template:NoteTag this act was subsequently amended by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (New Lines) Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cxcii) which altered the route slightly.Template:NoteTag

The result was two lines:

  • one from Cornbrook, near Old Trafford in Manchester, where a connection was made with the MSJ&AR to a junction with CLC (former Garston and Liverpool Railway) line near Cressington;
  • the second from a junction with the first line at Glazebrook to a new junction, Skelton junction, with the CLC (former Stockport, Timperley & Altrincham Junction Railway) near Timperley.Template:EfnTemplate:Sfn

The other alteration to the route, promulgated under the 1866 act, was as the result of Warrington residents agitating to have the railway come closer to the town centre. The 1865 plan had Warrington station positioned to the north on the straight route, halfway between Template:Rws and Template:Rws stations in a direct line; this would have been about Template:Convert further from the town. A loop was constructed into the town and Template:Rws and goods yard was constructed on it. The loop and station opened in 1873; the direct route, otherwise known as the Warrington avoiding line, was not opened until 1883.Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn In 1897 an impressive two-storey brick goods warehouse was built in the goods yard, superseding an earlier smaller structure.Template:Sfn

File:Warrington Central Goods Depot - geograph.org.uk - 893623.jpg
Warrington Central Goods Depot

A further MS&LR act, the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Liverpool Extension) Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cxci), then formally transferred these lines into the CLC.Template:NoteTag

The direct line to Liverpool Brunswick was opened in 1873 and, from then, the CLC used this more direct route between Manchester London Road and Template:Rws.Template:Sfn The route was further improved when Liverpool Central station opened on 1 March 1874, bringing trains into the city centre.Template:Sfn The station was situated on Ranelagh Street on the edge of the city centre and was a much grander station of three stories with a large arched roof and six platform faces.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn At the same time as Central opened, Brunswick closed to passenger traffic; it became a goods station and a much larger warehouse was built around the original station building. The building was so large, about Template:Convert, it was long enough to write the owners names in full Great Northern, Manchester Sheffield & Lincolnshire and Midland Railways.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

File:Central Station, Liverpool including Mersey Railway sign.png
Liverpool Central Station

In 1879, a connection was made from the direct line to the expanding town of Widnes; the Widnes loop line ran from a junction between Template:Rws and Template:Rws to the south, through Template:Rws and back to join the direct line at Template:Rws. The line was jointly owned by the MS&LR and the MR; the CLC ran a passenger service on the line.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The loop line closed in 1964.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The building of the Manchester Ship Canal resulted in two diversions of the line in order to cross the canal at a high level on fixed bridges. The first was at Irlam where a diversion was constructed to the south of the original line and a new Template:Rws was constructed, both the old route and the diversion were operational from 9 January 1893 to 27 March 1893 when the original route closed.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The second diversion was between Template:Rws and Template:Rws where both intermediate stations, Template:Rws and Template:Rws, were rebuilt on raised lines either side of the ship canal. Both routes were operational from 27 February 1893 to 29 May 1893 when the original route closed.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Extension to ChesterEdit

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The Chester and West Cheshire Junction Railway Company had been incorporated in 1865 to construct railways from Mouldsworth to Mickle Trafford and onto Template:Rws, with a junction at Mickle Trafford connecting to the Birkenhead Railway.Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn

This was a natural extension of the CLC network and indeed authorised, albeit by a different company, what the West Cheshire Railway had applied, and failed, to do in 1861. It brought access to the county town of Chester, an important tourist centre and gateway to North Wales to the expanding network.Template:Sfn The Chester and West Cheshire Junction Railway Company was transferred into the CLC on 10 August 1866 by the Cheshire Lines Act 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. cccli).Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn Template:Infobox UK legislation

Construction work did not start straight away, being delayed by contractual negotiations until 1871. The route was Template:Convert of double track with 23 bridges. There were intermediate stations at Template:Rws and Template:Rws.Template:Sfn The railways, but not the junction with the Birkenhead Railway, opened for goods traffic on 2 November 1874 and for passengers on 1 May 1875.Template:Sfn The junction at Mickle Trafford was made in 1875 to enable traffic between the CLC and Template:Rws but it was not used due to a dispute.Template:Sfn The CLC ran five trains in each direction daily between Template:Rws which was a MSJ&AR station and Template:Rws.Template:Sfn

Improvements in ManchesterEdit

The direct route to Liverpool, and into Liverpool Central station from 1874, allowed an increased density of service with sixteen trains in each direction. These trains left Manchester London Road using the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR) as far as Cornbrook, then crossing onto the CLC direct line.Template:Sfn It was recognised early on that the additional services were going to cause congestion at the Manchester end of the line; at this time, London Road station had been expanded and effectively divided into several stations. The main station was split in half: one half for the LNWR and the other for the MS&LR, which it shared with the Midland Railway.<ref>Template:Cite map</ref>Template:Sfn The third section of the station was the MSJ&AR platform area, adjacent to the main station; these platforms were used as the terminus for passenger services, but the lines also provided a through connection for freight from Lancashire to Yorkshire.Template:Sfn

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Initially, the CLC obtained powers, in the Template:Visible anchor (35 & 36 Vict. c. lvii), to build a new line Template:Convert long from Cornbrook into Manchester, with all proper stations, approaches, works and conveniences connected therewith, terminating on the southern side of Windmill Street.Template:NoteTag

File:Manchester central 1894.jpg
Manchester Central showing the goods station which was the former Free Trade Hall Station

This brought the CLC right into Manchester city centre and a temporary station, Manchester Free Trade Hall station, was opened on 9 July 1877.Template:Sfn This station was a modest affair, with two platforms and two intermediate tracks, but it enabled the CLC to introduce an improved hourly express service to Liverpool taking 45 minutes which attracted passengers.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Template:Infobox UK legislation Even before the temporary Free Trade Hall station opened, the CLC had been authorised by the Template:Visible anchor (38 & 39 Vict. c. xci) to build a permanent station; this station, Template:Rws which was opened on 1 July 1880, was immediately adjacent to Free Trade Hall station with its frontage on Windmill Street.Template:NoteTag This station had two storeys, goods below and passengers above; it had eight platforms, later increased to nine, six of which were covered by an impressive Template:Convert single span roof, the other two were protected by an awning on the side of the shed.Template:Sfn Most of the station facilities, including the booking office and waiting rooms, were of wooden construction, being intended for temporary use but they lasted until the station's eventual closure in 1969.Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

When Central opened in 1880, the Free Trade Hall station closed to passengers and was converted to a goods station; it had another warehouse added in 1882.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web

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File:Manchester Central Station 7.jpg
Manchester Central Station

The Great Northern Railway (GNR) opened a goods warehouse adjacent to the former Free Trade Hall station, between it and Deansgate; the warehouse and its connecting line opened in 1898.Template:Sfn The GNR worked goods trains into it from Colwick, using running powers over the Midland from Codnor Park Junction.Template:Sfn

Midlands connectionEdit

The Manchester South District Railway (MSDR) was originally promoted by a group of local landowners, supported by the Midland Railway (MR), to provide a local railway between Manchester and Alderley.Template:Sfn It was incorporated by the Manchester South District Railway Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. ccxxii), but nothing done by 1875 when the MR proposed that the section north of Stockport should become part of the CLC, thereby providing MR with access to Central.Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

At about the same time, in 1875, the construction of Manchester Free Trade Hall station was taking place; the authorisation for the permanent Manchester Central station had been obtained and the MS&LR gave notice to the Midland to quit using Manchester London Road station within three years because of the congestion, as the Midland was a partner in the CLC it was natural for them to try to gain access to the new Central.Template:Sfn

In 1876, with nothing much happening on the MSDR and the Midland Railway becoming increasing anxious to find station facilities in Manchester, the Midland proposed that the MSDR became a joint railway to be known as the Sheffield and Midland Railway Companies Committee (MS&LR & MR).Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn A condition of the joint railway was equal funding of the capital to build the line; the MS&LR was not forthcoming with their share and the Midland then petitioned for the undertaking to be transferred to its sole ownership, which was accepted.Template:NoteTagTemplate:Sfn The Act also provided powers for the GNR to share in the enterprise, in which case the line would have transferred to the CLC; this option was not exercised, so it remained a Midland Railway line.Template:Sfn The line from Heaton Mersey Junction to Throstle Nest Junction (later Throstle Nest East Junction), on the CLC near Cornbrook, opened on 1 January 1880. The Midland set up local services from Free Trade Hall to Template:Rws of 14 passenger trains each way, plus a daily goods train from Wellington Road goods; there were intermediate stations at Template:Rws, Withington, Template:Rws and Template:Rws.Template:Sfn On 1 August 1880, MR switched its services from London Road to Manchester Central. Template:Sfn When the MR was established at Central, they had 26 departures: the 14 South District local trains; and 12 trains for Derby, Nottingham, Leicester and London.Template:Sfn

In 1891, the section from Throstle Nest Junction to Chorlton Junction (the junction with the MS&LR line to Fairfield on the London Road to Guide Bridge route) was transferred to the CLC.Template:NoteTag

Expansion on MerseysideEdit

Completion of the direct Manchester to Liverpool line, and the connections to it from Timperley and on to the Midland Railway, provided the partners with access to Liverpool without going through Manchester. The only connection the CLC had with the dock complex on the Mersey was at Brunswick, at the very southern end of the docks. Despite improvements made during the 1870s and 1880s and connections with adjacent docks from 1884, the CLC was not able to compete with other railways in the area for the large freight market. Both the LNWR and the L&YR had better connections to the docks, both in terms of quantity and the quality of which docks they connected to.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Template:Infobox UK legislation To improve this situation, the CLC acquired Template:Convert of land at Huskisson in north Liverpool. To access this site, several lines were authorised by the Template:Visible anchor (37 & 38 Vict. c. clxix). These lines, known locally as the North Liverpool Extension Line, were:Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn

  • Halewood to Aintree: facilitated by a north bound triangular junction from the Liverpool Extension Railway between Halewood and Hunts Cross stations to a junction with the East Lancashire section of the L&YR at Aintree. The inside of these junctions provided space for an extensive array of goods sidings.Template:Sfn
  • Fazakerley to Walton-on-the-Hill and Huskisson: facilitated by a westbound triangular junction from the Halewood to Aintree line above. The inside of these junctions also provided space for another extensive array of goods sidings.Template:Sfn

The lines were opened to Aintree Junction and Walton-on-the-Hill on 1 December 1879, with stations at Template:Rws, Template:Rws, Template:Rws, Template:Rws and Template:Rws.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The section to Huskisson and Template:Rws station, for both passenger and goods trains, opened on 1 June 1880.Template:Sfn A passenger service was provided from Liverpool Central to Walton-on-the-Hill, but it proved unpopular and thereafter most services terminated at Gateacre. When Huskisson opened, it too was provided with a passenger service that was even less popular: it was withdrawn on 1 May 1885 and the station closed.Template:Sfn The line became known as the Liverpool Loop Line.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Huskisson goods facility became a large complex of warehouses and sidings, including cranes, stablings, cattle pens for up to 2,000 cattle, cotton and grain stores, offices and a turntable. There was a timber yard in Victoria Road and a lairage for a further 1,200 cattle in Foster Street, to cope with the cattle traffic from Ireland; much of which was on its way to Stanley cattle market near Knotty Ash station.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A short (Template:Convert) connection was made from Huskisson to Victoria Yard Goods (owned by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board) and Sandon and Canada Goods railway station (owned by the Midland Railway) in 1882.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The junction with the L&YR was to the north of a further station, Template:Rws which opened on 13 July 1880 (becoming Aintree on 1884).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This connection at Aintree provided an additional route onto the CLC for Midland Railway traffic, which had access from the north via Colne and Preston.Template:Sfn

The Midland Railway made a connection at Fazakerley to its Langton Dock Branch and goods station in 1885.Template:Sfn

File:Cheshire Lines Building, Birkenhead (1).JPG
Cheshire Lines Building, Birkenhead

The CLC established goods depots over the Mersey in Birkenhead; they opened Template:Rws depot on 1 July 1871 to the south of the docks and the East & West Float depot at Duke Street in November 1892 to the north. Neither depot was connected to CLC lines, but were accessed from Helsby over the Birkenhead Railway.Template:Sfn

The Mersey Railway completes a link from its former terminus at Template:Rws to a new station at Liverpool Central (low-level) on 11 January 1892. The railway did not connect to the CLC lines, but ran to an underground station accessed via steps from the upper station concourse.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Southport and Cheshire Lines Extension RailwayEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} An extension was connected to the North Liverpool Extension Line at Aintree in 1884; this line ran Template:Convert to Template:Rws. The line was independent but was operated by the CLC.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

File:Cheshire Lines map 1899.jpg
Map of the Cheshire Lines and neighbouring railways in 1899

ManagementEdit

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CLC chief offices were originally at 45 Oldhall Street, Liverpool but were transferred in June 1865 to Alexandra Buildings, 19 James Street, Liverpool. They moved to Liverpool Central station when it opened in 1874.Template:Sfn

In 1863, the CLC management committee was made up of four representatives each from its founding companies, which were the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR) and the Great Northern Railway (GNR).Template:NoteTagTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn The management committee (still at this time just MS&LR and GNR) became direct owners and operators of railways, by the Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 (28 & 29 Vict. c. cccxxvii).Template:NoteTag The Cheshire Lines Transfer Act 1865 allowed for the Midland Railway to become equal partners in the committee and they took up these powers in 1866; the Cheshire Lines Committee was now finally authorised as a fully independent organisation by the Cheshire Lines Act 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. ccvii).Template:NoteTag Now that the CLC had three parent companies, the management was divided by three with each partner having three places.Template:Sfn

The committee first met at Manchester on 5 November 1863, where William English was appointed manager; his tenure lasted until 1882. He was succeeded on 1 October 1882 by David Meldrum, who unfortunately died in office in January 1904. In the interim, the committee was managed by Harry Blundell, the Engineer-in-Chief, and Robert Charlton, the Outdoor Superintendent. James Pinion took over in May 1904 and remained manager until 1910, although with reduced responsibilities in his last year before retirement. There followed another interim period, with Charlton and Blundell and the Indoor Assistant, William Oates, running the committee until a new manager, John Edward Charnley, was appointed in August 1911. He had the difficult job of managing the committee through World War I and the 1923 grouping where most railways were grouped into one of the Big Four.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

Charnley was the manager from 1911 to 1922 when he became secretary and manager for three years until he was succeeded, on his death, by his assistant, William Howard Oates in February 1925. Oates also died in office after only a year and was followed by Alfred Percy Ross, who combined the manager's role with that of Chief Engineer for a few years until July 1929. Sidney Burgoyne followed as manager in that December; he had come from the LNER and he returned there in 1932. The committee's last manager also came from the LNER; Gerald Leedham was designated Acting Manager from January 1933 until 1936, when he became Secretary and Manager until the committee was nationalised at the end of 1947.Template:EfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn Template:Cheshire Lines Committee at Nationalisation

GroupingEdit

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The Railways Act 1921 (11 & 12 Geo. 5. c. 55) grouped most of Britain's railways into one of the Big Four; however, a number of joint lines remained outside the Big Four and continued to be operated jointly by the successor companies. These included the Cheshire Lines Committee and it remained independent with its own management. Its management was still made up of nine directors, three from each parent company, and these companies had been grouped. The Midland was grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), while the GNR and MS&LR (by then the Great Central Railway) became part of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). This meant the CLC now had six directors from the LNER and three from the LMS.Template:Sfn

The CLC continued under this management arrangement through the Second World War until the railways were nationalised under the Transport Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 49) at the beginning of 1948.Template:Sfn

StockEdit

Although, in all other respects, the CLC was a complete railway, it did not own any locomotives. Its motive power was provided by the parent companies which, in practice, was the MS&LR, as it had a comparatively close locomotive works at Gorton in east Manchester. The MS&LR charged the CLC a mileage charge for each locomotive hire, depending on whether it was being used for passenger trains or freight. The directors of the other companies argued from the beginning that the CLC should have its own locomotives, as the hire charge was too high; this led to a reduction in the charge but not by enough to satisfy the GNR and MR directors. Eventually, the issue went to arbitration.Template:Sfn Arbitration concluded that there was no viable alternative and the MS&LR (later the GCR/LNER) would provide locomotives for CLC needs, albeit at a slightly reduced rate. The other companies would provide their own locomotives for their own through trains.Template:Sfn

On the other hand, facilities for locomotives, the engine sheds, were provided by the CLC. Some of these provided facilities for all of the partners, others just for the MS&LR.Template:Sfn They were: Template:Cot

Shed name Opened Closed Stabling for: Notes References
Allerton 1882 c1897 MS&LR Griffiths & Goode(1978),Template:Sfn Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Birkenhead 1888 1961 MS&LR sub-shed of Brunswick Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Brunswick 1864 1961 MS&LR, MR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn Pixton(2007),Template:Sfn
Chester 1874 1960 MS&LR Originally a sub-shed of Northwich Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Cornbrook 1880 1895 MS&LR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Heaton Mersey 1889 1968 MS&LR, MR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn Pixton (2011),Template:Sfn
Helsby & Alvanley 1893 1929 MS&LR Sub-shed of Northwich Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Knutsford c1863 c1869 MS&LR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Northwich 1869 1968 MS&LR, MR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Padgate c1883 c1929 MS&LR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Southport 1884 1952 MS&LR Sub-shed of Walton-on-the-Hil Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Stockport Tiviot Dale 1866 1889 MS&LR Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Trafford Park 1894 1968 MS&LR, MR, GNR Largest shed on the system Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Walton-on-the-Hill 1881 1963 MS&LR, MR, Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn Pixton(2007),Template:Sfn
Warrington Central by 1893 c1966 MS&LR Sub-shed of Brunswick Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn
Winsford 1870 1929 MS&LR Sub-shed of Northwich Dyckhoff(1999),Template:Sfn Bolger (1984),Template:Sfn

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The CLC's only contribution to motive power was the introduction of four Sentinel-Cammell steam railcars that were introduced in 1929; they worked all over the network until were withdrawn in 1941 and scrapped in 1944.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

At the company's formation, a small number of coaches were provided by the MS&LR and MR jointly. However, an early management meeting recommended that the company have its own carriage stock and, from 1865, four-wheeled carriages were obtained from the Metropolitan Railway Carriage and Wagon Company Ltd and the Railway Carriage Co. of Oldbury. As new lines opened, more carriages were acquired from the same places, the MS&LR and the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co.Template:Sfn

Six-wheeled carriages were introduced when Manchester Central station opened in 1880 and the company then started to use bogie coaches; some of these lasting into the 1930s. Twelve-wheel bogie coaches were introduced from 1881 and were still being made in 1900; all of these coaches had varying mixtures of first, second and third class up until 1892, when second-class was abolished. Coaches were fitted with vacuum braking from about 1887 and some attempts were made with electric lighting about the same time; electric lighting did not become generally adopted until after 1900, the 1890s had to manage with oil gas.Template:Sfn

At first, all CLC coaching stock was of MS&LR design, but from 1900 all three owning railways supplied coaches of their respective designs. In 1904, the Gloucester Railway Carriage and Wagon Company supplied some eight-wheel bogie coaches to the CLC designed by John G. Robinson of the GCR. These were of three types – thirds, third brakes, and lavatory composites. The livery was green, lined in yellow, with the lettering "CLC" at waist level. The last GCR-designed coaches built for the CLC, also designed by Robinson but this time built by the CGR at Dukinfield, were for the Liverpool-Manchester expresses, and consisted of nine five-coach trains.Template:Sfn

The CLC had a total of 407 coaches in 1902 and 580 in 1923. New articulated stock was introduced in 1937, designed by Nigel Gresley and with a teak finish, for the Liverpool to Manchester service; they were in two trains each of four twins. The number of coaches seems to have been rationalised by 1938, with only a total of 284 coaches.Template:Sfn

Similarly, the CLC had its own fleet of wagons, which were painted a pale lead grey for the bodywork, with black running gear and white lettering.Template:Sfn There were 4,419 freight vehicles and 91 service vehicles at the end of 1922.Template:Sfn In 1929, it was decided that all CLC wagons, other than brake vans and service stock, should be shared between the LMS, which would receive one-third of the wagon fleet, and the LNER, which would receive two-thirds. The transfers took place at the start of 1930, and the LNER was apportioned a total of 2740 wagons, of which: 1936 were open wagons; 551 were covered goods vans; 108 were bolster wagons; 104 cattle trucks; 27 refrigerator or meat vans; and 14 specially-constructed vehicles.Template:Sfn The LNER supplied the CLC with some new brake vans, and these were painted in CLC livery, and lettered "CL".Template:Sfn

The CLC also owned some road vehicles – at the end of 1922, there were 90 lorries and 9 buses.Template:Sfn

LegacyEdit

The CLC routes between Liverpool and Manchester and between Manchester and Chester via Northwich survive.<ref name="mside">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Several CLC stations remain in their original form and are listed buildings, such as Template:Rws,<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> Template:Rws<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> and Template:Rws.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref> The CLC warehouse at Warrington is also a listed building, and has been converted to apartments.<ref>Template:NHLE</ref>

Liverpool Central high-level has been demolished with local services on the former CLC line, operated by Merseyrail, running through an underground station on the same site.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Main line services run to and from Liverpool Lime Street.<ref name="mside" /> Manchester Central closed on 4 May 1969 and is now the Manchester Central Convention Complex.Template:Sfn

ReferencesEdit

NotesEdit

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Acts of ParliamentEdit

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CitationsEdit

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BibliographyEdit

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External linksEdit

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