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Dorothy Allison

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:For multi Template:Use American English Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox writer

Dorothy Earlene Allison (April 11, 1949 – November 6, 2024) was an American writer whose writing focused on class struggle, sexual abuse, child abuse, feminism, and lesbianism.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> She was a self-identified femme lesbian.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Allison won a number of awards for her writing, including several Lambda Literary Awards. In 2014, Allison was elected to membership in the Fellowship of Southern Writers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early lifeEdit

Dorothy Earlene Allison was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on April 11, 1949, to Ruth Gibson Allison, who was 15 years old at the time.<ref name = Green>Template:Cite news</ref> Her father died when she was a baby. Her single mother was poor, working as a waitress and cook. Ruth eventually married, but when Dorothy was five, her stepfather began to abuse her sexually.<ref name = Green/> This abuse lasted for seven years. At the age of 12, Allison told a relative about it, who told her mother. Ruth forced her husband to leave the girl alone, and the family remained together. The respite did not last long, as the stepfather resumed the sexual abuse, continuing for five years. Allison suffered mentally and physically, contracting gonorrhea that was not diagnosed and treated until she was in her 20s. The untreated disease left her unable to have children.<ref name=CAO>Template:Cite book</ref>

When aged about 11, Allison moved with her family to Central Florida. Allison found respite from her family life in school. She said that she became aware of her lesbian sexuality during her early adolescence.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EducationEdit

Allison was the first of her family to graduate from high school.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1967, Allison attended Florida Presbyterian College (now Eckerd College) on a National Merit scholarship. While in college, she joined the women's movement by way of a feminist collective. She credited "militant feminists" for encouraging her decision to write. Also around this time, Allison severed all ties to her family until 1981.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts in anthropology.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Allison subsequently did graduate work in anthropology at Florida State University, The Sagaris Institute, and the New School for Social Research, where she earned a M.A. in urban anthropology in 1981.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

CareerEdit

Allison held a wide variety of jobs before gaining any success as a writer. From 1973 to 1974, she was the editor of the feminist magazine Amazing Grace, in Tallahassee, Florida. During this time, she was also a founding manager of Herstore Feminist Bookstore in Tallahassee.<ref name=":3" />

She worked as a salad girl, a maid, a nanny, and a substitute teacher. She also worked at a child-care center, answered phones at a rape crisis center, and clerked with the Social Security Administration. In certain periods, she trained during the day and at night sat in her motel room and wrote on yellow legal pads. She wrote about her life experiences, including the abuse by her stepfather, dealing with poverty, and her lust for women. This became the backbone of her future works.<ref name="Marsh">Marsh, Janet Z. "Dorothy Allison" in Dictionary of Literary Biography: Twenty-First-Century American Novelists, Second Series (Detroit, MI: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2009), Template:ISBN</ref>

Allison's first book of poetry, The Women Who Hate Me, was published with Long Haul Press in 1983. In 1988, her first short story collection, Trash, was published by Firebrand Books.<ref name=":2" />

Her first novel Bastard Out of Carolina was published in 1992 to great acclaim, becoming a best-seller. It was later adapted as a film of the same name, directed by Anjelica Huston for TNT. The book and film both generated controversy because of the graphic content, and the TV film was aired on Showtime rather than TNT. The Canadian Maritime Film Classification Board initially banned distribution of the film in Canada, but it was reversed on appeal. In November 1997, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court affirmed a State Board of Education decision to ban the book in public high schools because of its graphic content.<ref name="Marsh" />

Allison would go on to publish another novel and two collections of poetry and short stories.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 1998, Allison founded The Independent Spirit Award to support writers who help sustain small presses and independent bookstores.<ref name=":1" />

In 2006, Allison was the writer in residence at Columbia College in Chicago.<ref name="h353">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The following year, Allison was Emory University Center for Humanistic Inquiry's Distinguished Visiting Professor and Famosa in residence at Macondo in San Antonio, Texas.<ref name="a586">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2007, Allison announced that she was working on a new novel entitled She Who, to be published by Riverhead Books.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Allison held a three-month residency at Emory University in Atlanta in 2008 as the Bill and Carol Fox Center Distinguished Visiting Professor.<ref name=Marsh /> In fall 2009, Allison was The McGee Professor and writer in residence at Davidson College, in North Carolina.<ref name=":2" />

WritingEdit

Themes in Allison's work include class struggle, child and sexual abuse, women, lesbianism, feminism, and family. French literary scholar Mélanie Grué describes Allison's work as a celebration of "the vilified transgressive lesbian body."<ref name=":0">Template:Cite journal</ref> Grué also notes Allison's ability "to make [lesbian] desire and pleasure public" in her writing, in contrast to the second-wave feminist views on "correct expressions" of sexuality.<ref name=":0" />

Allison's first novel, the semi-autobiographical Bastard Out of Carolina (1992), was one of five finalists for the 1992 National Book Award.<ref name="Depth Pg. 21">"Depth, From The South At Hamilton College, Dorothy Allison Offers Crowd A Sip Of Reality." Laura T. Ryan Staff. The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY). STARS; p. 21, October 22, 2000.</ref>

Her influences include Judy Grahn,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Flannery O'Connor, James Baldwin, Jewelle Gomez, Toni Morrison, Bertha Harris, and Audre Lorde.<ref name=":1" /> Allison said The Bluest Eye by Morrison helped her to write about incest.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In the early 1980s, Allison met Lorde at a poetry reading. After reading what would eventually become her short-story "River of Names", Lorde approached her and told her that she simply must write.<ref name=Marsh /> Upon moving to California, Allison explored the people and histories of the early gay women's liberation presses. "There were some great lesbian writers. You know, I made my pilgrimage to go see Judy Grahn."<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

ActivismEdit

Allison said that the early feminist movement changed her life. "It was like opening your eyes under water. It hurt, but suddenly everything that had been dark and mysterious became visible and open to change." However, she admitted that, she would never have begun to publish her stories if she had not gotten over her prejudices, and started talking to her mother and sisters again.<ref name=":2" />

Allison advocated for safer sex and was active in feminist and lesbian communities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She and Jo Arnone cofounded the Lesbian Sex Mafia in 1981, the "oldest continuously running women's BDSM support and education group in the country".<ref name="Califia1988">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Honors and awardsEdit

Bastard Out of Carolina was a finalist for the 1992 National Book Award for Fiction. Publishing Triangle named Bastard Out of Carolina one of "The Triangle's 100 Best" novels of the 1990s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2007, Allison was elected to the Fellowship of Southern Writers.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The same year, she was awarded the Jim Duggins Outstanding Mid-Career Novelists' Prize at the Saints and Sinners Literary Festival,<ref name="nola">"Saints and Sinners Literary Festival" Template:Webarchive. bestofneworleans.com, May 8, 2007.</ref> as well as the Robert Penn Warren Award for Fiction.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2018, Allison received the Trailblazer Award from the Golden Crown Literary Society for being, in the words of Karin Kallmaker, "the original firebrand. She didn't write for approval, she wrote to survive. She is a firebrand, truthteller, and trailblazer."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In 2019, the Alice B Readers Appreciation Committee of The Alice B Readers Award bestowed the coveted Alice B Medal and honorarium upon Allison<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and the Thomas Wolfe Prize.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Allison was the 2024 recipient of the Publishing Triangle's Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement.  This award celebrated the recipient's lifetime of work and commitment to fostering queer culture. She received a $3000 prize, one of the largest cash prizes in LGBTQ+ letters.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Awards and honors for Allison's writing
Year Title Award Result Ref.
1989 Trash Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction Winner citation CitationClass=web

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Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Small Press Book Award Winner <ref name=":4" />
1992 Bastard Out of Carolina ALA Outstanding Books for the College Bound and Lifelong Learners Selection citation CitationClass=web

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1993 Ferro Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction Winner citation CitationClass=web

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1995 Skin Stonewall Book Award Winner citation CitationClass=web

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Lambda Literary Award for Small Press Book Award Finalist citation CitationClass=web

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Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Studies Winner <ref name=":5" />
1996 Two or Three Things I Know for Sure Stonewall Book Award Finalist citation CitationClass=web

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1998 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Memoir or Biography Finalist citation CitationClass=web

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Cavedweller New York Times Notable Book of the Year Selection <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
1999 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction Winner citation CitationClass=web

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2013 Conversations with Dorothy Allison ALA Over the Rainbow Project Book List Selection citation CitationClass=web

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Personal life and deathEdit

File:Dorothy Allison at the Brooklyn Book Festival.jpg
Allison at the 2008 Brooklyn Book Festival.

Allison later lived in Guerneville, California, calling herself a "happily born-again Californian". She lived with her late partner of more than 30 years, Alix Layman, and son, Wolf Michael.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=":2" />

Layman died in 2022. Allison died at the age of 75 from cancer at her home on November 6, 2024. Her death was announced by the Frances Goldin Literary Agency, which represented her.<ref name = Green/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

BibliographyEdit

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WritingEdit

Anthology contributionsEdit

  • Women on Women: An Anthology of American Lesbian Short Fiction, edited by Joan Nestle (1990) Template:ISBN
  • High Risk: An Anthology of Forbidden Writings, edited by Amy Scholder and Ira Silverberg (1991) Template:ISBN
  • Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics and Practice, edited by Mark Thompson (1991) Template:ISBN
  • Growing Up Gay/Growing Up Lesbian: A Literary Anthology, edited by Bennett L. Singer (1993) Template:ISBN
  • Writing Women's Lives: An Anthology Of Autobiographical Narratives By Twentieth Century American Women Writers, edited by Susan Cahill (1994) Template:ISBN
  • Downhome: An Anthology of Southern Women Writers, edited by Susie Mee (1995) Template:ISBN
  • Swords of the Rainbow, edited by Eric Garber and Jewelle L. Gómez (1996) Template:ISBN
  • The Best American Short Stories 2003, edited by Walter Mosley and Katrina Kenison (2003) Template:ISBN
  • What Are You Looking At?: The First Fat Fiction Anthology, edited by Ira Sukrungruang and Donna Jarrell (2003) Template:ISBN
  • Without a Net: The Female Experience of Growing Up Working Class, edited by Michelle Tea (2004) Template:ISBN
  • Rhetorical Women: Roles and Representations, edited by Hildy Miller and Lillian Bridwell-Bowles (2005) Template:ISBN
  • All Out of Faith: Southern Women on Spirituality, edited by Wendy Reed (2006) Template:ISBN
  • New Stories from the South 2010: The Year's Best (2010) Template:ISBN
  • Gay City: Volume 5: Ghosts in Gaslight, Monsters in Steam, edited by Vincent Kovar and Evan J. Peterson (2013) Template:ISBN
  • The Queer South: LGBTQ Writers on the American South, edited by Douglas Ray (2014) Template:ISBN
  • Crooked Letter i: Coming Out in the South, edited by Connie Griffin (2015)
  • Walk Till the Dogs Get Mean: Meditations on the Forbidden from Contemporary Appalachia, edited by Adrian Blevins and Karen Salyer McElmurray (2015) Template:ISBN
  • Badass Women Give the Best Advice: Everything You Need to Know About Love and Life (2018)<ref name="s650">Template:Cite book</ref>
  • LGBTQ Fiction and Poetry from Appalachia, edited by Jeff Mann and Julia Watts (2019) Template:ISBN
  • The Penguin Book of the Modern American Short Story, edited by John Freeman (2021)<ref name="e840">Template:Cite book</ref>

FilmographyEdit

StageEdit

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In popular cultureEdit

Her name appears in the lyrics of the Le Tigre song "Hot Topic".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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