Egbert Benson
Template:Short description Template:For Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox judge Egbert Benson (June 21, 1746 – August 24, 1833) was an American lawyer, jurist, politician and Founding Father who represented New York State in the Continental Congress, Annapolis Convention, and United States House of Representatives. He served as a member of the New York constitutional convention in 1788 which ratified the United States Constitution. He also served as the first attorney general of New York, chief justice of the New York Supreme Court, and as the chief United States circuit judge of the United States circuit court for the second circuit.
Education and careerEdit
Benson's ancestor, Dirck Benson, who settled in New Amsterdam in 1649, was the founder of the Benson family in America.<ref name=Benson1934>Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library: "Genealogical Notes" Folder: 179/2 1934: Benson, Arthur D. "Some Data of the Descendents of Dirck Bensing or Bensingh (Benson) of Amsterdam and Groningen, Netherlands, who settled in New Amsterdam (New York City) in 1648. He was born in Groningen, Netherlands. 1934.</ref> Egbert Benson was born in New York City in the Province of New York, the son of Robert Benson (1715–1762) and Catherine (Van Borsum) Benson (1718–1794). The Benson family was one of the earliest Dutch families to have settled in Manhattan.<ref name=Bio1746>Guide to the Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control # B-11 [1] Template:Webarchive</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In a letter written to Arthur D. Benson, Egbert Benson lived at the corner of Puntine and Fulton streets in the home of William Puntine.<ref name=Puntine38>Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library: "Correspondence" Folder: 179/1 1938–1939: "Letter to Mr. Arthur D. Benson." 29 OCT. 1938.</ref>Template:Efn His home was one of the centers of cultural life in New York City.<ref name=Benson1934 /> Benson lived with his maternal grandmother, a widow who lived on Broad Street, at the corner of Beaver, during the early part of his life.<ref name=ADB>Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library: "Genealogical Notes" Folder: 179/2 1934: Benson, Arthur D. "Alderman Benson's Memoir of the Benson Family: Alderman Benson's Paper on the Benson Family".</ref>
Benson was taught in Dutch, and he learned his catechism in that language.<ref name=ADB /> Upon reaching a suitable age, Benson attended the Collegiate School,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> a school of repute, and prepared himself for college.<ref name=ADB /> During this time, he was guided and assisted by Reverend Doctor Barclay, rector of Trinity Church.<ref name=ADB /> He was privately educated, then attended King's College (now Columbia University), graduating in 1765.<ref name=FJC>Template:FJC Bio</ref> He read law, was admitted to the bar and moved to Red Hook in Dutchess County, New York.<ref name=FJC/> He practiced law both there and in New York City.<ref name=FJC/> Benson was also honored by Harvard University and Dartmouth College.<ref name=Benson1934 />
A relative of Benson's was Benjamin Benson, a Revolutionary War soldier and member of the committee of correspondence.Template:Citation needed He signed one of the Articles of Association, or "Association Test", which was preliminary to the Declaration of Independence, at Haverstraw, New York, in May 1775.<ref name=Benson1934 /> Egbert Benson was the brother of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Benson and Captain Henry Benson, who commanded an armed vessel in the Revolution.<ref name=Benson1934 />
Benson owned slaves; in the 1790 census, he was recorded as having one slave, and in the 1800 census, two slaves.<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Despite his personal ownership of slaves, he was involved in the anti-slavery New York Manumission Society.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Political and judicial serviceEdit
Towards the start of the American Revolutionary War, Benson approved the course of the Sons of Liberty and gave up, in a measure, his professional prospects then brightly opening and devoted himself to his country.<ref name=ADB /> He aided the Sons of Liberty, who were in Dutchess County where Benson, as a part of his first efforts, gave proper directions to the political meetings.<ref name=ADB /> When the British occupied New York City in 1776, Benson remained in Dutchess County for several years.Template:Citation needed From 1777 to 1781, Benson served as a member of the New York State Assembly and drafted every important bill passed there in during the Revolution.<ref name=VanSchaack>Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library: "Genealogical Notes" folder 179/2 1934: Benson, Arthur D. "Alderman Benson's Memoir of the Benson Family: Mr. Van Schaack's Additional Paper.</ref> The county made him the president of their committee of safety and in 1777 sent him to the revolutionary New York State Assembly.Template:Citation needed When the first state government was organized, Benson was appointed the first New York attorney general and served until 1788.<ref name=FJC/> He was elected to the Assembly annually until 1781 and again in 1788.<ref name=FJC/>
New York sent Benson as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1784.<ref name="CB">Template:CongBio</ref> Although he was reappointed in 1785,<ref name="CB" /> he did not attend sessions.Template:Citation needed In 1786, he was named by the Legislature to accompany Alexander Hamilton as a delegate to the Annapolis Convention, which issued a call for the United States Constitutional Convention held the following year. He returned to the Congress in 1787 and 1788, and in 1788 attended the New York state convention that ratified the United States Constitution.<ref name="CB" />
When the new federal government was established, Benson was elected from New York's 3rd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 1st and 2nd United States Congresses, serving from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1793.<ref name="CB" /> In 1794, Benson was appointed a justice of the New York Supreme Court, a position he held until 1801.<ref name="FJC" />
Benson was part of the three-man commission that decided the location of the St. Croix River in 1798.Template:Citation needed He was nominated by President John Adams on February 18, 1801, to the United States Circuit Court for the Second Circuit, to the new chief judge seat authorized by Template:USStat.<ref name="FJC" /> He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day.<ref name="FJC" /> His service terminated on July 1, 1802, due to abolition of the court.<ref name="FJC" />
Later lifeEdit
Benson returned to the private practice of law in New York City in 1802.<ref name="FJC" /> He joined other civic leaders to found the New-York Historical Society and served as its first president from 1804 to 1816.<ref name="CB" /> He was the author of several books, including Vindication of the Captors of Major Andre, defending the three American Patriots who captured the spy Major John André, which led to the discovery of the plot to surrender West Point to the British by Benedict Arnold.Template:Citation needed
In 1812, Benson was again elected from New York's 2nd congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 13th United States Congress as a Federalist but served only five months before he resigned on August 2, 1813.<ref name=CB/> In December 1813, Benson was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Benson's writings include A Biographical Sketch of Gouverneur Morris (published in November 1816), and Brief Remarks on the 'Wife' of Washington Irving (published in 1819).<ref name=VanSchaack /> Benson also wrote and published in the New York American a series of able and highly interesting articles, in condemnation of what he regarded as the absurd and anti-Christian practice of calling the first day of the week the Sabbath.<ref name=VanSchaack />
Benson married late in life, on May 17, 1820, to Maria Conover (1796–1867).<ref name=":0" /> He died on August 24, 1833, in Jamaica, Queens, and is buried in the Prospect Cemetery there.<ref name=CB/> His grave has been designated by a historical marker.<ref name=Bio1746 />
Descendants and legacyEdit
Egbert's oldest brother was clerk of the New York State Senate, Robert Benson (1739–1823),<ref name="RBnyhistory">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> father of his namesake, Egbert Benson.<ref name="Society1914">Template:Cite book</ref>
According to manuscripts and notes found in the Arthur D. Benson manuscript collection at Queens Library, Benson's name was engraved on a bronze tablet on the Butterick Building on 6th Avenue and Spring Street in New York City; this tablet was placed there by the Greenwich Village Historical Society.<ref name=Benson1934 /> Hevelyn D. Benson, great-grandnephew of Egbert Benson, sent Jerome D. Greene, director of Harvard's Trancentanery, seven photostats concerning Egbert Benson.<ref name="Historical1936">Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library: "Correspondence" Folder: 179/1 1938–1939: Benson, Hevlyn Dirck. "Recognition Asked For N.Y. State's First Attorney General Buried on L.I." Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 21, 1936</ref> Hevelyn Benson was also a member of the New York Historical Society, founded in 1804 by his ancestor, Egbert Benson.<ref name="Historical1936" /> Benson also included a photostat of an article in The Eagle from September 16, 1935, which designated Egbert Benson as the man behind the Constitution.<ref name="Historical1936" /> The state historical marker for Benson's grave was applied to Senator Thomas C. Desmond, a trustee of the New York State Historical Society, by Hevelyn Benson.<ref name="Historical1936" />
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
External linksEdit
- Guide to the Arthur D. Benson Genealogical Notes and Correspondence Concerning Egbert Benson and the Benson Family 1938 Control, manuscript collection finding aid, Archives at Queens Library Template:Webarchive
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