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Elizabeth, New Jersey

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File:Régis François Gignoux, View Near Elizabethtown, N. J., 1847.jpg
View Near Elizabethtown, N. J., oil painting by Régis François Gignoux, Honolulu Museum of Art

Elizabeth is a city in and the county seat of Union County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.<ref name=CountyMap>New Jersey County Map Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed December 1, 2022.</ref> As of the 2020 United States census, the city retained its ranking as the state's fourth-most-populous city behind neighboring Newark, Jersey City, and Paterson,<ref>Table 1. New Jersey Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships: 2020 and 2010 Censuses Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed March 19, 2022.</ref><ref name=Census2010XLS>The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed November 21, 2016.</ref> with a population of 137,298,<ref name=Census2020/><ref name=LWD2020/> an increase of 12,329 (+9.9%) from the 2010 census count of 124,969,<ref name=Census2010/><ref name=LWD2010/> which in turn reflected an increase of 4,401 (3.7%) from the 120,568 counted in the 2000 census.<ref>Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed May 1, 2023.</ref>

The Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 135,829 for 2023, making it the 207th-most populous city in the nation<ref name=ANNRNK>Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 20,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2023 Population: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, United States Census Bureau, released May 2024. Accessed May 30, 2024.</ref> and the fifth-most populous municipality of any type in the state, falling behind Lakewood Township, where the population that year was estimated to be 139,866.<ref name=ANNRNK/>

HistoryEdit

File:New Jersey - Elizabeth - NARA - 68144623 (cropped).jpg
Aerial view of Elizabeth in 1931
File:LOSSING(1876) p351 SINGER MANUFACTURING WORKS CO., ELIZABETHPORT, NJ.jpg
The Singer Sewing Machine Company's factory at Elizabethport, Template:Circa

Elizabeth, originally called "Elizabethtown" and part of the Elizabethtown Tract, was founded in 1664 by English settlers. The town was not named for Queen Elizabeth I as many people may assume, but rather for Elizabeth, wife of Sir George Carteret,<ref name=EB1911>Template:Cite EB1911</ref> one of the two original Proprietors of the colony of New Jersey.<ref>DePalma, Anthony. "If You're Thinking of Living in: Elizabeth" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, August 28, 1983. Accessed December 21, 2011. "Elizabethtown, as it was originally called, missed the Elizabethan era by just 60 years and, in any event, the Elizabeth for whom it was named was not the queen but the wife of Sir George Carteret, who had received all the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers as a gift."</ref><ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed August 30, 2015.</ref><ref>Gannett, Henry. The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States Template:Webarchive, p. 116. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed August 30, 2015.</ref> She was the daughter of Philippe de Carteret II, 3rd Seigneur de Sark and Anne Dowse. The town served as the first capital of New Jersey.<ref>Turner, Jean-Rae; and Koles, Richard T. Elizabeth: The First Capital of New Jersey Template:Webarchive, Arcadia Publishing, 2003. Template:ISBN. Accessed December 21, 2011. "Elizabeth, New Jersey is a city of firsts: first English-speaking colony in the state, first state capital, first home of Princeton University, and the site of the first shots fired after the Declaration of Independence."</ref>

During the American Revolutionary War, Elizabethtown was continually attacked by British forces based on Manhattan and Staten Island, culminating in the Battle of Springfield which decisively defeated British attempts to gain New Jersey. After independence, it was from Elizabethtown that George Washington embarked by boat to Manhattan for his 1789 inauguration.<ref>Staff. "Permanent Revolution; A tour of tea-party New York—the spirit of '76 kind." Template:Webarchive, New York, September 2, 2012. Accessed September 28, 2014.</ref> There are numerous memorials and monuments of the American Revolution in Elizabeth.<ref>Revolutionary War Sites in Elizabeth, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, Revolutionary War New Jersey. Accessed September 28, 2014.</ref>

On March 13, 1855, the City of Elizabeth was created by an act of the New Jersey Legislature, combining and replacing both Elizabeth Borough (which dated back to 1740) and Elizabeth Township (which had been formed in 1693), subject to the results of a referendum held on March 27, 1855. On March 19, 1857, the city became part of the newly created Union County. Portions of the city were taken to form Linden Township on March 4, 1861.<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968 Template:Webarchive, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 238. Accessed July 9, 2012.</ref>

The first major industry, the Singer Sewing Machine Company came to Elizabeth and employed as many as 2,000 people. In 1895, it saw one of the first car companies, when Electric Carriage and Wagon Company was founded to manufacture the Electrobat, joined soon by another electric car builder, Andrew L. Riker. The Electric Boat Company got its start building submarines for the United States Navy in Elizabeth, beginning with the launch of USS Holland (SS-1) in 1897. These pioneering naval craft (known as A-Class) were developed at Lewis Nixon's Crescent Shipyard in Elizabeth between the years 1896–1903.<ref>G.N. Georgano Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985).</ref> Elizabeth grew in parallel to its sister city of Newark for many years, but has been more successful in retaining a middle-class presence and was mostly spared riots in the 1960s.<ref>Staff. "2 New Jersey Cities Racked by Race Riots" Template:Webarchive, Chicago Tribune, August 13, 1964. Accessed November 2, 2016.</ref>

GeographyEdit

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 13.66 square miles (35.37 km2), including 12.32 square miles (31.91 km2) of land and 1.34 square miles (3.46 km2) of water (9.78%).<ref name=CensusArea/><ref name=GR1 />

Elizabeth is bordered to the southwest by Linden, to the west by Roselle and Roselle Park, to the northwest by Union and Hillside, to the north by Newark (in Essex County). To the east the city is across Newark Bay from Bayonne in Hudson County and the Arthur Kill from Staten Island, New York.<ref>Areas touching Elizabeth Template:Webarchive, MapIt. Accessed March 30, 2020.</ref><ref>Union County Municipal Profiles Template:Webarchive, Union County, New Jersey. Accessed March 30, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey Municipal Boundaries Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed November 15, 2019.</ref>

The borders of Elizabeth, Bayonne, and Staten Island meet at one point on Shooters Island, of which Template:Convert of the island is owned by Elizabeth, though the island is managed by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.<ref>Shooters Island Template:Webarchive, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed December 21, 2011. "Nine of the island's 43 acres belong to New Jersey (Bayonne owns 7.5 acres, Elizabeth owns 1.5 acres)."</ref>

The Elizabeth River is a waterway that courses through the city for Template:Convert and is largely channelized, before draining into the Arthur Kill.<ref name =ADACE1972>Template:Cite report</ref>

Districts and neighborhoodsEdit

Midtown / UptownEdit

File:HerschTower.JPG
Art Deco Hersch Tower<ref name=NYT1995/>
File:Goethe'sBridge.JPG
Goethals Bridge

Midtown, also occasionally known as Uptown, is the main commercial district and a historic section as well. It includes the First Presbyterian Church<ref name=EB1911/> and St. John's Episcopal Church, and its St. John's Episcopal Churchyard. The First Presbyterian Church was a battleground for the American Revolution. Located here are also the 1931 Art Deco Hersch Tower,<ref name=NYT1995>Goodnough, Abby. "New Jersey & Co.; In Elizabeth, Dusting Off an Art Deco Treasure" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, August 6, 1995. Accessed September 28, 2014. "Hersh Tower was the tallest building in Elizabeth when Louis Hersh, an Elizabeth businessman, built it in 1931. (These days, only the Union County Court building is taller.)"</ref> the Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy, and the Ritz Theatre which has been operating since 1926. Midtown/Uptown includes the area once known as "Brittanville" which contained many English type gardens.

BaywayEdit

Bayway is located in the southern part of the city and borders the City of Linden. From U.S. Route 1&9 and Allen Street, between the Elizabeth River and the Arthur Kill, it has maintained a strong Polish community for years. Developed at the turn of the 20th century, many of the area residents once worked at the refinery which straddles both Elizabeth and Linden. There are unique ethnic restaurants, bars, and stores along Bayway, and a variety of houses of worship. Housing styles are older and well maintained. There are many affordable two to four-family housing units, and multiple apartment complexes. The western terminus of the Goethals Bridge, which spans the Arthur Kill to Staten Island can be found here. A small section of the neighborhood was isolated with both the completion of the Goethals Bridge in 1928 and the construction of the New Jersey Turnpike in the 1950s.

Downtown / ElizabethportEdit

File:Park on Court St. in Elizabeth, NJ.jpg
School # 1 seen in the distance from the park on Court Street
File:Snyder Academy.jpg
Snyder Academy

Downtown / E-Port (a.k.a. The Port and Elizabethport) is the oldest neighborhood in Elizabeth. It consists of a collection of old world Elizabethan, new American colonial-style houses and apartment buildings that stretch east of 7th Street to its shores. The name is derived from its dependence on businesses catering to seagoing ventures. It was a thriving center of commerce between the 1660s through the middle of the 20th century. This area has had a great deal of improvement since 2000. Many homes have been renovated or been replaced with new, more ornate structures. Federal housing projects that stood for decades along First Street have been demolished and replaced with low to moderate income housing. The waterfront is home to new town homes and two-family homes (duplexes).

The area was once three distinct neighborhoods: Buckeye, Diamondville, and New Mexico. It was the US home of the Singer Manufacturing Company, makers of Singer sewing machines, which constructed a Template:Convert facility on a Template:Convert site in 1873. Shortly after it opened, the factory manufactured the majority of all sewing machines worldwide. With 6,000 employees working there in the 1870s, it employed the largest number of workers at a single facility in 1873. The company moved out of Elizabeth in 1982.<ref>Hatala, Greg. "Made in Jersey: Singer sewing machines had the market sewn up" Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, November 18, 2013. Accessed September 19, 2016. "In 1873, the Singer Sewing Machine Manufacturing Co. purchased 32 acres of land in Elizabeth and established its first factory in the United States (the company also had a plant in Kilbowie, Clydebank, Scotland).... In 1982, the last 560 workers at the 1,400,000 square foot Elizabeth factory were laid off and the facility closed."</ref>

Elizabeth Marina, which was once filled with trash and debris along its walkway, was also restored. It is the site of year-round celebrations from a Hispanic festival in late spring to the lighting of a Christmas tree in winter. Living conditions in this area continue to improve year after year. Historically, there were immigrant communities centered around Christian churches. The Slavic community was centered by Sts. Peter and Paul Byzantine, the Lithuanian community attended Sts. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic and the Polish community attended St. Adalbert Roman Catholic Church which still stands. St. Patrick Church, originally Irish, dominates the 'Port; the cornerstone for the second and current building was laid in 1887.<ref>Elizabeth, NJ – A Concise Historical Overview Template:Webarchive, Visit Historical Elizabeth, NJ. Accessed September 19, 2016. "St. Patrick's Church, a Roman Catholic parish since 1858, laid the cornerstone of its present church in 1887. The imposing twin-spired structure, designed by William Shickel imitating the Cologne Cathedral, took thirteen years to complete and used Maine granite."</ref>

Elmora and The West EndEdit

File:Warinanco boathouse jeh.JPG
Warinanco Park in Elmora

Elmora is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the western part of Elizabeth. The main thoroughfare, Elmora Avenue, offers restaurants, shops and boutiques. Several high-rise building complexes, affording views of the New York City skyline, dot the edge of this neighborhood and are accessible to the Elizabeth station. The neighborhood area forms a "V" from its approximate borders of the Central Railroad tracks to Rahway Avenue.

File:Elizabeth St. Patricks Church.jpg
St. Patrick's Church, Elizabethport

Elmora's modern Orthodox communityEdit

The Elmora section of Elizabeth is home to a large Modern Orthodox community. The Jewish Educational Center of Elizabeth was founded in 1941 by a Latvian-born rabbi, Pinchas Mordechai Teitz, who arrived to lecture in to the city's then-small Orthodox community in the 1930s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Elmora HillsEdit

The northwestern part of Elmora is known as Elmora Hills. It is a strongly middle- to upper-middle-class neighborhood. Originally called Shearerville, the name Elmora came from the developers of the area, the El Mora Land Company. This area was annexed from Union Township, returning to Elizabeth in the early part of the 20th century. This was done to increase the city's tax base as major improvements to infrastructure were necessary at the time.

Frog HollowEdit

Frog Hollow is a small community of homes east of Atlantic Street, west of the Arthur Kill, and south of Elizabeth Avenue. Its name is derived from the frogs that could be caught in its marshes as well as the oyster and fishing of the past. The area expanded east and includes the area formerly known as Helltown. Helltown included many of the docks and shipyards, as well as several drydocks. The area's developer was Edward N. Kellogg, who also laid out the neighborhood in Keighry Head. Frog Hollow contains older-style, more affordable homes, rentals, and some quality restaurants in a working-class community. The statue honoring former Mayor Mack on Elizabeth Avenue is a landmark in the community. Frog Hollow is also convenient to the Veteran's Memorial Waterfront Park.

Keighry HeadEdit

Its name is attributed to James Keighry of the Isle of Kerry, Ireland. He owned a business facing the square formed at the junction of Jackson, Madison, Chestnut and Magnolia Avenues. The approximate borders of this neighborhood extended north from East Grand Street to Flora Street and from Walnut to Division Street. Developed by Edward N. Kellogg, many of the streets were named after family and friends. Keighry Head is located close to Midtown, containing affordable one and two-family homes, and apartment houses, convenient to the Midtown shopping district, and transportation.

File:Elizabeth soldier monument jeh.JPG
War monument; north Elizabeth

North End / North ElizabethEdit

The North End, also known as "North Elizabeth", is a diverse working-class neighborhood. The borders are approximately the Arch north to the city line between North Broad Street and U.S. Route 1&9. It was developed mostly in the 1920s for workers in the Duesenberg automobile plant (later Durant Auto, Burry Biscuits and Interbake Foods). The area was heavily settled by the Irish and then Portuguese. The North End has easy access to New York City and Newark via its own NJ Transit train station, Routes 1 and 9 and the New Jersey Turnpike. The neighborhood also has Crane Square, the Historic Nugents Tavern, and Kellogg Park, and is within close proximity to Newark Liberty International Airport. There is a current plan to develop the former Interbake Foods facility into shopping and residential townhouses and condominiums. This community contains many larger one and two-family homes that have been rebuilt over the past decade. North Elizabeth also features many well-kept apartment houses and condominium units on and around North Avenue that are home to professionals who work in New York or the area. The only Benedictine women's community in New Jersey is located at Saint Walburga Monastery on North Broad Street.

PeterstownEdit

File:Minuteman statue Union Sq Eliz jeh.jpg
War memorial in Union Square

Peterstown (also known as "The Burg") is a middle/working-class neighborhood in the southeastern part of the city. Its borders run west of Atlantic Street to South Spring Street from 1st Avenue to the Elizabeth River. Its name is derived from John Peters, who owned most of the land with George Peters. They divided the land and developed it during the end of the 19th century. The area was once predominantly occupied by its earliest settlers, who were German, and during the 1920s was gentrified by newly immigrated Italians. Peterstown has clean, quiet streets and has many affordable housing opportunities with a "village" feel. The area contains the historic Union Square, which is home to produce stands, meat markets, fresh fish and poultry stores. Peterstown is also home of the DeCavalcante crime family, one of the most infamous Mafia families in the United States.

The Point / the CrossroadsEdit

The Point, formally known as the Crossroads, is centrally located and defined by New Point Road and Division Street. It is close to Midtown and contains many new affordable two-family homes, apartment houses and is undergoing a transformation. The former Elizabeth General Hospital site is currently being demolished and awaiting a new development.

Quality HillEdit

Home to St. Mary's and the "Hilltoppers", this area once was lined with mansions. Its approximate borders were South Broad Street to Grier Avenue and Pearl Street to what is now U.S. Route 1&9. During its development in the 1860s it was the most fashionable area of the city to live. It is now a quiet middle class community experiencing a re-development with many new condominiums.

WestminsterEdit

Developed by Edward J. Grassman, Westminster got its name from the city's largest residential estates of the Tudor style and was inhabited by many residents who traced their ancestry to England. This neighborhood borders Hillside with the Elizabeth River running its border creating a dramatic splash of greenery and rolling hills off of North Avenue, near Liberty Hall. Residents use this area for recreation, whether it is at the newly christened Phil Rizzuto Park area, or for bird watching or for sunbathing by the river. It is one of the more affluent areas of Elizabeth.

ClimateEdit

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and cool to cold winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Elizabeth straddles the boundary between a humid subtropical climate and a hot-summer humid continental climate.<ref>Climate Summary for Elizabeth, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, Weatherbase.com. Accessed August 14, 2014.</ref>

DemographicsEdit

Template:US Census population

Template:Update

2020 censusEdit

Elizabeth, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
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% 1990 % 2000 % 2010 Template:Partial
White alone (NH) 43,720 32,338 22,705 16,553 39.74% 26.82% 18.17% 12.06%
Black or African American alone (NH) 19,981 22,329 23,072 22,261 18.16% 18.52% 18.46% 16.21%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 167 145 138 152 0.15% 0.12% 0.11% 0.11%
Asian alone (NH) 2,752 2,745 2,521 2,757 2.50% 2.28% 2.02% 2.01%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) N/A 18 31 18 N/A 0.01% 0.02% 0.01%
Other race alone (NH) 332 496 811 2,145 0.30% 0.41% 0.65% 1.56%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) N/A 2,870 1,338 3,179 N/A 2.38% 1.07% 2.32%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 43,050 59,627 74,353 90,233 39.14% 49.46% 59.50% 65.72%
Total 110,002 120,568 124,969 137,298 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

In 2019, the foreign-born population in the city was 46.6% of the total population, and the Latino population was 65%.<ref>QuickFacts Elizabeth city, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 2, 2022.</ref>

2010 censusEdit

The 2010 United States census counted 124,969 people, 41,596 households, and 29,325 families in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 45,516 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup was 54.65% (68,292) White, 21.08% (26,343) Black or African American, 0.83% (1,036) Native American, 2.08% (2,604) Asian, 0.04% (52) Pacific Islander, 16.72% (20,901) from other races, and 4.59% (5,741) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 59.50% (74,353) of the population.<ref name=Census2010/> Elizabeth had the tenth-highest percentage of Hispanic residents among municipalities in New Jersey in 2010.<ref>Mascarenhas, Rohan. "Census data shows Hispanics as the largest minority in N.J." Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, February 3, 2011. Accessed August 15, 2013.</ref>

Of the 41,596 households, 37.0% had children under the age of 18; 39.2% were married couples living together; 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 29.5% were non-families. Of all households, 23.5% were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.43.<ref name=Census2010/>

25.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 98.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 96.8 males.<ref name=Census2010/>

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $43,770 (with a margin of error of +/− $1,488) and the median family income was $46,891 (+/− $1,873). Males had a median income of $32,268 (+/− $1,205) versus $27,228 (+/− $1,427) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,196 (+/− $604). About 14.7% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.<ref>DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Elizabeth city, Union County, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 9, 2012.</ref>

2000 censusEdit

As of the 2000 United States census<ref name="GR2" /> there were 120,568 people, 40,482 households, and 28,175 families residing in the city. The population density was Template:Convert. There were 42,838 housing units at an average density of Template:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 55.78% White, 19.98% Black or African American, 0.48% Native American, 2.35% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 15.51% from other races, and 5.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.46% of the population.<ref name=Census2000>Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Elizabeth city Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 9, 2012.</ref><ref name=Census2000SF1>DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 – Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Elizabeth city, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 9, 2012.</ref>

Colombia is the nation of birth for the highest number of foreign-born inhabitants of Elizabeth; it was the birthplace of 8,731 Elizabeth residents as of the 2000 Census. This exceeded the combined total of 8,214 for Mexican and Central American immigrants. It also far exceeded the next highest single nation count of Cuba at 5,812. The highest number for a non-Spanish speaking country and third highest overall was Portugal, whose native-born immigrants numbered 4,544. The next largest groups were Salvadoran immigrants numbering 4,043, Peruvians at 3,591 and Dominican immigrants, of whom there were 3,492.<ref>PCT019 – Place Of Birth For The Foreign-Born Population Universe: Foreign-born population from the Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) – Sample Data for Elizabeth city, New Jersey Template:Webarchive, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 15, 2013.</ref>

There were 40,482 households, out of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.91 and the average family size was 3.45.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

In the city the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 33.7% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

The median income for a household in the city was $35,175, and the median income for a family was $38,370. Males had a median income of $30,757 versus $23,931 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,114. About 15.6% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.2% of those under age 18 and 17.2% of those age 65 or over.<ref name=Census2000/><ref name=Census2000SF1/>

EconomyEdit

File:ElizabethNJIndustry.JPG
The industrial region in eastern Elizabeth

Since World War II, Elizabeth has seen its transportation facilities grow; the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is one of the busiest ports in the world, as is Newark Liberty International Airport, located in both Newark and Elizabeth. Elizabeth also features Little Jimmy's Italian Ices (since 1932), The Mills At Jersey Gardens outlet mall, Loews Theater, and the Elizabeth Center, which generate millions of dollars in revenue. Companies based in Elizabeth included New England Motor Freight.

Together with Linden, Elizabeth is home to the Bayway Refinery, a Phillips 66 refining facility that supplies petroleum-based products to the New York/New Jersey area, producing approximately Template:Convert per day.<ref>"Phillips 66 Bayway Refinery; Providing Energy – Improving Lives" Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Business, November 24, 2020. Accessed January 6, 2022. "Named after a nearby neighborhood spanning the cities of Linden and Elizabeth, the Bayway Refinery has been providing residents and businesses in the region with a variety of products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, home heating oil, propane, butane, plastics and other products which have been improving people's lives for more than a century."</ref>

Celadon, a mixed-use development containing 14 glass skyscrapers, offices, retail, a hotel, boardwalk and many other amenities is proposed to border the east side of The Mills at Jersey Gardens, directly on the Port Newark Bay. Groundbreaking was scheduled for the summer of 2008 on the ferry, roads and parking, and construction was planned to continue for at least twelve years. As of 2021 this project has not started construction and there is no recent news about Celadon, so it is assumed that this project has been canceled<ref>Harrison, Brianne. "$2B MXD Planned for Elizabeth Waterfront" Template:Webarchive, GlobeSt.com, February 11, 2008. Accessed February 28, 2008.</ref>

Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. Elizabeth was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed October 28, 2019. "The Urban Enterprise Zone Program (UEZ) was enacted in 1983. It authorized the designation of ten zones by the New Jersey Urban Enterprise Zone Authority: Camden, Newark, Bridgeton, Trenton, Plainfield, Elizabeth, Jersey City, Kearny, Orange and Millville/Vineland (joint zone)."</ref> In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the Template:Frac% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Program Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed October 27, 2019. "Businesses participating in the UEZ Program can charge half the standard sales tax rate on certain purchases, currently 3.3125% effective 1/1/2018"</ref> Established in November 1992, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in November 2023.<ref>Urban Enterprise Zone Effective and Expiration Dates Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed January 8, 2018.</ref>

SportsEdit

In 2025, Elizabeth became home to the Tri-State Admirals of The Basketball League, who play their home games at Thomas A. Edison Career and Technical Academy.Template:Citation needed

In 1970, the city was home to the Jersey Tigers of the Atlantic Coast Football League.<ref>"Receiver named for sports firm", The Star-Ledger, August 6, 1971. Accessed March 14, 2025, via Newspapers.com. "Superior Court Judge Ward J. Herbert in Newark yesterday appointed an Elizabeth lawyer as receiver of Jersey State Sports Inc., owner of the former Jersey Tigers football team.... The Elizabeth-based Tigers, who played in the Atlantic Coast Football League. went out of business at the end of last season."</ref>

GovernmentEdit

File:Elizabeth City Hall.jpg
City Hall, Eggers & Higgins, architects, 1940.<ref>American City 1941: 23.</ref>

Local governmentEdit

The City of Elizabeth is governed within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the Mayor-Council system of municipal government. The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.<ref>Inventory of Municipal Forms of Government in New Jersey Template:Webarchive, Rutgers University Center for Government Studies, July 1, 2011. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref> The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the City Council. The Elizabeth City Council includes nine members, who are elected to serve four-year terms of office on a staggered basis with elections held in even-numbered years. The mayor and the three council members elected at-large come up for election together in leap years and two years later the six members who are elected from each of Elizabeth's six wards are all up for election.<ref name=DataBook>2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 90.</ref><ref>"Forms of Municipal Government in New Jersey" Template:Webarchive, p. 10. Rutgers University Center for Government Studies. Accessed June 1, 2023.</ref>

Template:As of, the city's Mayor is Democrat Chris Bollwage, a lifelong resident of Elizabeth who is serving his ninth term as Mayor, serving a term of office that ends December 31, 2028.<ref name=Mayor>Our Mayor Template:Webarchive, City of Elizabeth. Accessed February 20, 2024.</ref> City Council members are Council President Carlos Cedeño (Fourth Ward; D, 2026), Frank J. Cuesta (at-large; D, 2028), William Gallman Jr. (Fifth Ward; D, 2026), Nelson Gonzalez (Second Ward; D, 2026), Manny Grova Jr. (at-large; D, 2028), Kevin Kiniery (Third Ward; D, 2026), Frank O. Mazza (Sixth Ward; D, 2026), Patricia Perkins-Auguste (at-large; D, 2028), and Carlos L. Torres (First Ward; D, 2026).<ref>City Council Template:Webarchive, City of Elizabeth. Accessed February 20, 2024.</ref><ref name=UnionOfficials>Union County Elected Officials, Union County, New Jersey Clerk. Accessed January 18, 2025.</ref><ref name=Union2024>General Election November 5, 2024 Official Results, Union County, New Jersey, updated November 22, 2024. Accessed January 18, 2025.</ref><ref name=Union2022>General Election November 8, 2022 Official Results, Union County, New Jersey, updated November 21, 2022. Accessed February 19, 2024.</ref>

Bollwage, who has served as mayor of Elizabeth since 1992, was paid an annual salary of $152,564 in 2016, placing him among the three highest-paid mayors in the state and the only mayor in Union County to earn annual compensation in excess of $100,000.<ref>Cervenka, Susanne. "These NJ mayors make 6-figure salaries from taxpayers. Is yours one of them?" Template:Webarchive, Asbury Park Press, July 31, 2017. Accessed October 11, 2017. "3. Elizabeth Mayor J. Christian Bollwage, $160,086.... Bollwage collected $152,564 last year from Elizabeth, a 125,000-population city where he's been mayor since 1992."</ref><ref>Haydon, Tom; and Lannan, Katie. "How much are Union County mayors paid?" Template:Webarchive, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 12, 2015. Accessed October 11, 2017. "A review of mayors' salaries across Union County shows the numbers range from a low of zero to high of $148,060 for Mayor J. Christian Bollwage, the top elected official in the city of 125,800 residents, the fourth largest municipality in the state. He is the only municipal chief executive in the county making six figures."</ref>

Federal, state and county representationEdit

Elizabeth is located in the 8th Congressional District<ref name=PCR2012>Plan Components Report Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref> and is part of New Jersey's 20th state legislative district.<ref name=Districts2011>Municipalities Sorted by 2011-2020 Legislative District Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed February 1, 2020.</ref><ref name=LWV2019>2019 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Template:Webarchive, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed October 30, 2019.</ref><ref>Districts by Number for 2011–2020 Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.</ref> Prior to the 2010 Census, Elizabeth had been split between the Template:Ushr and the Template:Ushr, a change made by the New Jersey Redistricting Commission that took effect in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 general elections.<ref name=LWV2011>2011 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government Template:Webarchive, p. 57, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.</ref>

Template:NJ Congress 08 Template:NJ Senate

Template:NJ Legislative 20

Template:NJ Union County Commissioners

PoliticsEdit

As of October 24, 2024, there are 68,000 registered voters in Elizabeth. 32,870 (48.34%) are registered Democrats, 26,212 (38.55%) are registered as Unaffiliated, 7,810 (11.49%) are registered Republicans, and 1,108 (1.6%) are registered to other parties.

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 24,751 votes (80.8% vs. 66.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 5,213 votes (17.0% vs. 32.3%) and other candidates with 166 votes (0.5% vs. 0.8%), among the 30,640 ballots cast by the city's 50,715 registered voters, for a turnout of 60.4% (vs. 68.8% in Union County).<ref>Presidential November 6, 2012 General Election Results – Union County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed May 6, 2013.</ref><ref>Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast November 6, 2012 General Election Results – Union County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 15, 2013. Accessed May 6, 2013.</ref> In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 23,524 votes (74.3% vs. 63.1% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 7,559 votes (23.9% vs. 35.2%) and other candidates with 202 votes (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among the 31,677 ballots cast by the city's 48,294 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.6% (vs. 74.7% in Union County).<ref>2008 Presidential General Election Results: Union County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed May 6, 2013.</ref> In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 18,363 votes (67.2% vs. 58.3% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 8,486 votes (31.0% vs. 40.3%) and other candidates with 144 votes (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 27,334 ballots cast by the city's 45,882 registered voters, for a turnout of 59.6% (vs. 72.3% in the whole county).<ref>2004 Presidential Election: Union County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed May 6, 2013.</ref>

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In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 10,589 votes (81.6% vs. 65.2% countywide), ahead of Republican Kim Guadagno with 2,140 votes (16.5% vs. 32.6%), and other candidates with 241 votes (1.9% vs. 2.1%), among the 13,607 ballots cast by the township's 55,569 registered voters, for a turnout of 24.5%.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 63.2% of the vote (7,804 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 35.5% (4,379 votes), and other candidates with 1.3% (163 votes), among the 13,592 ballots cast by the city's 49,515 registered voters (1,246 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.<ref name=2013Elections>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name=2013VoterReg>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 10,258 ballots cast (66.8% vs. 50.6% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 4,386 votes (28.6% vs. 41.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 376 votes (2.4% vs. 5.9%) and other candidates with 131 votes (0.9% vs. 0.8%), among the 15,355 ballots cast by the city's 46,219 registered voters, yielding a 33.2% turnout (vs. 46.5% in the county).<ref>2009 Governor: Union County Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed May 6, 2013.</ref>

Police departmentEdit

The Elizabeth Police Department was established in May 1858.

The current Police Director is Earl Graves and the Chief of Police is Giacomo Sacca.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Table of Organization authorizes 365 officers,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> including 9 captains, 21 lieutenants and 39 sergeants.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Fire departmentEdit

Template:Infobox fire department The Elizabeth Fire Department provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Elizabeth.<ref>Elizabeth Fire Department Template:Webarchive, Fire Department Network. Accessed March 22, 2012.</ref> The Elizabeth Fire Department was established as a volunteer organization in 1837 when Engine Company # 1 was organized. In 1901, the volunteer department was no longer adequate and the department reorganized into a paid department on January 1, 1902.<ref>Template:Usurped, Elizabeth Fire Department. Accessed March 22, 2012.</ref> There are 7 Engine Companies, 3 Ladder Companies, 1 Rescue Company, and several Special Units. These companies and units are under the command of both a Deputy Chief and two Battalion Chiefs.

The department is part of the Metro USAR Strike Team, which consists of nine North Jersey fire departments and other emergency services divisions working to address major emergency rescue situations.<ref>Steadman, Andrew. "Bayonne firefighters participate in mock disaster drills in Newark" Template:Webarchive, The Jersey Journal, May 1, 2012. Accessed June 6, 2016. "According to the press release, the Metro USAR Strike Team is made up of nine fire departments from Bayonne, Elizabeth, Hackensack, Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, Paterson, Morristown as well as the five-municipality North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue Agency."</ref>

Fire station locations and apparatusEdit

Engine company Ladder company Special unit Command unit Address
Engine 1 Air Cascade Unit 24 South Broad Street
Engine 2 651 South Broad Street
Engine 3 Ladder 2 (Tiller) Haz-Mat Unit 1, Haz-Mat Decon Trailer Battalion 1 442 Trumbull Street
Engine 5 QRV 1 (Quick Attack Response Vehicle), Foam Unit, Fire Boat 1 (docked at the port) 147 Elizabeth Avenue
Engine 6 Tower Ladder 3 472 Catherine Street
Engine 7 Ladder 1 Rescue 1, Rescue 2 – (Metro USAR Collapse Rescue Strike Team Unit), Special Operations Vehicle 1 (USAR Support) Car 42 (Deputy Chief), Battalion 2 411 Irvington Avenue
Engine 8 Tactical Support Unit 1 524 West Grand Street

Emergency medical servicesEdit

Emergency medical services are provided by the Elizabeth Fire Department's Division of Emergency Medical Services. This is a civilian division of the fire department and handles approximately 20,000 calls a year. The division is made up of an EMS chief, 5 supervisors, 28 full-time emergency medical technicians, and approximately 12 per-diem EMTs. The division, at its maximum staffing, aims to operate five ambulances and a supervisor on days (7 am–7 pm) and three ambulances and a supervisor on nights (7 pm–7 am). They also operate the NJ EMS Task Force Medical Ambulance Bus #1.<ref>EMS Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Fire Department. Accessed March 26, 2022.</ref>

Hatzalah of Union County provides EMS primarily to the Elmora Hills neighborhood of Elizabeth, and certain sections of Hillside, Union and Roselle Park.<ref>About Us Template:Webarchive, Hatzalah of Union County. Accessed March 26, 2022. "Hatzalah of Union County is a voluntary, not-for-profit emergency medical response team. Its primary goal is to provide rapid response, rapid treatment and rapid transport when called to medical emergencies in its primary response area encompassing parts of Elizabeth, Hillside, Roselle Park and Union Township."</ref>

EducationEdit

File:ElizabethHighSchool.JPG
The John E. Dwyer Technology Academy and Dunn Sports Center

The city's public schools are operated by Elizabeth Public Schools, serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke<ref>What We Do: History Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022. "In 1998, the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled in the Abbott v. Burke case that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts. According to the Court, aging, unsafe and overcrowded buildings prevented children from receiving the "thorough and efficient" education required under the New Jersey Constitution.... Full funding for approved projects was authorized for the 31 special-needs districts, known as 'Abbott Districts'."</ref> which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.<ref>What We Do Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.</ref><ref>SDA Districts Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed March 1, 2022.</ref> Administration and operation of the district is overseen by a nine-member board of education. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.<ref>Board of Education Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed March 30, 2020. "The Board of Education shall be comprised of nine (9) members serving terms of three (3) years, as required by law."</ref>

As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of 36 schools, had an enrollment of 28,712 students and 2,173.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.2:1.<ref name=NCES>District information for Elizabeth Public Schools Template:Webarchive, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.</ref> High schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics<ref>School Data for the Elizabeth Public Schools Template:Webarchive, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed April 1, 2020.</ref>) are Elizabeth High School Frank J. Cicarell Academy<ref>Elizabeth High School Frank J. Cicarell Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (1,152; 9–12), J. Christian Bollwage Finance Academy<ref>J. Christian Bollwage Finance Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (420; 9–12), John E. Dwyer Technology Academy<ref>John E. Dwyer Technology Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (1,340; 9–12), Thomas A. Edison Career and Technical Academy<ref>Thomas A. Edison Career and Technical Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed March 1, 2018.</ref> (872; 9–12), Admiral William F. Halsey Jr. Health and Public Safety Academy<ref>Admiral William F. Halsey Jr. Health and Public Safety Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (1,111; 9–12), Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy<ref>Alexander Hamilton Preparatory Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (1,014; 9–12) and Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy<ref>Thomas Jefferson Arts Academy Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref> (1,122; 9–12).<ref>District & School Buildings Directory Template:Webarchive, Elizabeth Public Schools. Accessed August 11, 2020.</ref><ref>New Jersey School Directory for the Elizabeth School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.</ref>

With 5,300 students, Elizabeth High School had been the largest high school in the state of New Jersey and one of the largest in the United States, and underwent a split that created five new academies and a smaller Elizabeth High School under a transformation program that began in the 2009–2010 school year.<ref>Kwoh, Leslie. "Elizabeth High School to split into six different schools in September" Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, January 15, 2009. Accessed December 21, 2011. "Elizabeth High School's 5,300 students will be divided into six schools in September to alleviate overcrowding in the biggest school in New Jersey."</ref> The school was the 294th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 322 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2010 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", after being ranked 302nd in 2008 out of 316 schools.<ref>Staff. "2010 Top High Schools" Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Monthly, August 16, 2010. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref> Before the 2008–2009 school year, all of the district's schools (except high schools) became K–8 schools, replacing the middle schools and elementary schools. SchoolDigger.com ranked Elizabeth 449th of 558 districts evaluated in New Jersey.<ref>"Schooldigger New Jersey District Ranking" Template:Webarchive, Schooldigger.com. Accessed August 14, 2014.</ref>

These and other indicators reveal a seriously declining performance standard in the city's schools. Data reported by the state Department of Education showed that a majority of students in a majority of the Elizabeth public schools failed basic skills tests.<ref>"New Jersey's statewide assessment program" Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed January 10, 2011.</ref>

In the 2008–09 school year, Victor Mravlag Elementary School No. 21 was recognized with the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education,<ref>U.S. Department of Education Blue Ribbon Schools Program: 2008 Schools Template:Webarchive, United States Department of Education. Accessed April 13, 2011.</ref> the highest award an American school can receive.<ref>"CIBA cited as one of the best by Education Department", Journal Inquirer, November 16, 2006. "The Blue Ribbon award is given only to schools that reach the top 10 percent of their state's testing scores over several years or show significant gains in student achievement. It is considered the highest honor a school can achieve."</ref><ref>"Viers Mill School Wins Blue Ribbon; School Scored High on Statewide Test", The Washington Post. September 29, 2005. "For their accomplishments, all three schools this month earned the status of Blue Ribbon School, the highest honor the U.S. Education Department can bestow upon a school."</ref> For the 2006–2007 school year, William F. Halloran Alternative School #22 was one of four schools in New Jersey recognized with the Blue Ribbon Award.<ref>No Child Left Behind-Blue Ribbon Schools in 2006 Template:Webarchive, United States Department of Education. Accessed April 13, 2011.</ref> William F. Halloran Alternative School #22 earned a second award when it was one of 11 in the state to be recognized in 2014 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program.<ref>Goldman, Jeff. "Which N.J. schools were named to national 'Blue Ribbon' list?" Template:Webarchive, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, October 2, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2014. "Eleven New Jersey schools have been named to the annual National Blue Ribbon list, the U.S. Department of Education announced Tuesday."</ref><ref>2014 National Blue Ribbon Schools All Public and Private Template:Webarchive, United States Department of Education. Accessed December 31, 2014.</ref><ref>Lannan, Aktie. "Elizabeth gifted and talented school earns National Blue Ribbon School designation" Template:Webarchive, NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, October 1, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2014. "Federal education officials designated the William F. Halloran Gifted and Talented School No. 22 as a National Blue Ribbon School, one of 337 selected nationwide based on academic excellence and progress in closing the achievement gap. This is the second time School 22 has received the honor in the past 10 years, according to the school department. It was first named a National Blue Ribbon School in 2006."</ref> Terence C. Reilly School No. 7 was honored by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program in 2019, one of nine schools in the state recognized as Exemplary High Performing Schools;<ref>2019 National Blue Ribbon Schools Exemplary High Performing Schools Template:Webarchive, National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. Accessed September 26, 2019.</ref> the school had previously won the honor in 2013.

Private schoolsEdit

Elizabeth is also home to several private schools. The coeducational St. Mary of the Assumption High School, which was established 1930,<ref>Template:Usurped, St. Mary of the Assumption High School. Accessed August 23, 2015. "In 1930 extensive renovation was made. A third story was added, the auditorium converted into a gymnasium and Saint Mary's High School was born."</ref> and the all-girls Benedictine Academy, which is run by the Benedictine Sisters of Saint Walburga Monastery,<ref>Home Page Template:Webarchive, Benedictine Academy. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref> both operate under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark.<ref>Union County Catholic High Schools Template:Webarchive, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref> The Newark Archdiocese also operates the K–8 schools Our Lady of Guadalupe Academy and St. Genevieve School, which was founded in 1926.<ref>Union County Catholic Elementary Schools Template:Webarchive, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref>

Saint Patrick High School was closed by the Newark Archdiocese in June 2012 due to increasing costs and declining enrollment. Administrators and parents affiliated with the defunct school came together to open an independent non-denominational school on Morris Avenue called "The Patrick School" in September 2012.<ref>History and Tradition Template:Webarchive, The Patrick School. Accessed August 15, 2013.</ref><ref>Stanmyre, Matthew. "Recently closed St. Patrick High closing in on new location" Template:Webarchive, The Star-Ledger, July 20, 2012. Accessed August 15, 2013. "The Archdiocese of Newark—which had provided oversight for St. Patrick—decided to close the school June 30 because of dwindling enrollment and serious financial struggles. The Patrick School will re-open in the fall as a private school out of the Archdiocese's oversight. The new school has commitments from about 150 students, Picaro said."</ref><ref>Araton, Harvey. "A Faith Is Tested, and Then Renewed" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, February 27, 2013. Accessed August 15, 2013. "To mark the one-year anniversary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark's announcement that it would close St. Patrick—forcing it to soldier on as the nondenominational, grades 7-to-12 Patrick School—Picaro's beloved boys' basketball team will begin state tournament play on Friday, a triumph in itself."</ref>

The Benedictine Preschool, operated by the Benedictine Sisters, is housed at Saint Walburga Monastery.<ref>About Template:Webarchive, Benedictine Preschool. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref>

The Jewish Educational Center comprises the Yeshiva of Elizabeth (nursery through sixth grades), the Rav Teitz Mesivta Academy (for boys in grades 6–12) and Bruriah High School (for girls in grades 7–12).<ref>Home Page Template:Webarchive, Jewish Educational Center. Accessed September 19, 2017. "The Jewish Educational Center of Elizabeth, NJ provides Torah and Secular education to students from Nursery through 12th grade. Our three divisions include Yeshiva of Elizabeth, Bruriah High School for Girls, and Rav Teitz Mesivta Academy."</ref>

Princeton University was founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey.<ref>Princeton's History Template:Webarchive, Princeton University. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref>

LibrariesEdit

The Elizabeth Public Library, the free public library with a main library, originally a Carnegie library, and three branches<ref name="Libraries">Libraries Template:Webarchive, City of Elizabeth. Accessed September 28, 2014.</ref> had a collection of 384,000 volumes and annual circulation of about 115,000 in 2016.<ref name="Libraries"/><ref>Elizabeth Public Library Template:Webarchive, librarytechnology.org. Accessed November 2, 2016.</ref>

TransportationEdit

Roads and highwaysEdit

File:2021-05-26 13 11 53 View north along Interstate 95 (New Jersey Turnpike) from the overpass for North Avenue in Elizabeth, Union County, New Jersey.jpg
Northbound Interstate 95/New Jersey Turnpike in Elizabeth

Elizabeth is a hub of several major roadways including the New Jersey Turnpike / Interstate 95, Interstate 278 (including the Goethals Bridge, which carries Interstate 278 over the Arthur Kill between Elizabeth and Howland Hook, Staten Island), U.S. Route 1/9, Route 27, Route 28, and Route 439. Elizabeth's own street plan, in contrast to the more usual grid plan, is to a large degree circular, with circumferential and radial streets centered on the central railroad station.

Template:As of, the city had a total of Template:Convert of roadways, of which Template:Convert were maintained by the municipality, Template:Convert by Union County, Template:Convert by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and Template:Convert by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.<ref>Union County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction Template:Webarchive, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.</ref>

There are numerous crossings of the Elizabeth River. The city was once home to several smaller bascule bridges. The South First Street Bridge over the river, originally built in 1908, was replaced by a fixed span. The South Front Street Bridge, built in 1922, has been left in the open position since March 2011.<ref>South Front Street Bridge Template:Webarchive, BridgesNYC, December 20, 2011. Accessed March 16, 2015.</ref> A study is underway to determine if the bridge can be rehabilitated.<ref>about the project Template:Webarchive, South Front Street Bridge LCD Study. Accessed March 16, 2015.</ref> The bridge is the only remaining movable road bridge in Union County.Template:Citation needed

Elizabeth's transportation network is noted for having two of the most dangerous intersections in the United States, based on traffic deaths from 2000 to 2019. East Jersey St and US-1&9 had 9 fatal accidents over the 20-year period, while East Grand St and US-1&9 (just 1,150 feet to the North) had 7 fatal crashes over the 20-year period.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Public transportationEdit

File:Elizabeth, NJ-1.jpg
CNJ's former Elizabeth Broad Street train station, completed in 1893 or 1894, with the current NJT station in the background

Elizabeth is among the U.S. cities with the highest train ridership. It is served by NJ Transit on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor Line. There are two active stations in Elizabeth. Elizabeth station, also called Broad Street Elizabeth or Midtown Station, is the southern station in Midtown Elizabeth.<ref>Elizabeth station Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed August 14, 2014.</ref> The other train station in Elizabeth is North Elizabeth station.<ref>North Elizabeth station Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit. Accessed August 14, 2014.</ref>

NJ Transit has planned a segment of the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link (NERL), designated as the Union County Light Rail (UCLR). The UCLR was planned to connect Elizabeth station with Newark Liberty International Airport and have seven or eight other stations in between within Elizabeth city limits.<ref>Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link (A New Jersey Urban Core Project) Template:Webarchive, November 1998. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref><ref>Union County Light Rail Proposal Takes A Step Forward: NJ Transit Board Approves Contract for Preparatory and Design Work of Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link's Elizabeth Segment Template:Webarchive, NJ Transit, July 11, 2001. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref> A possible extension of this future line to Plainfield would link the city of Elizabeth with the Raritan Valley Line.

NJ Transit provides bus service on the 111, 112, 113 and 115 routes to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan, on the 40, 48, 59 and 62 routes to Newark, New Jersey, with local service available on the 26, 52, 56, 57 and 58 routes.<ref>Union County Bus / Rail Connections, NJ Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 26, 2010. Accessed December 21, 2011.</ref> NJT also provides service between Elizabeth and Newark on the 24 route.

Local mediaEdit

WJDM at 1530 AM signed-on March 11, 1970, with studios at 9 Caldwell Place in Elizabeth. The station signed-off on January 30, 2019.<ref>WJDM-AM 1530 kHz Template:Webarchive, Radio-Locator. Accessed August 23, 2015.</ref>

News 12 New Jersey offers weather and news channels with coverage of the city.

The Daily Journal was published in Elizabeth from 1779 to 1992, ending publication as circulation plummeted from a peak of 60,000.<ref>Strum, Charles. "With Local News and Memories, a Paper Ends Its Run" Template:Webarchive, The New York Times, January 4, 1992. Accessed October 13, 1992. "The oldest newspaper in New Jersey, founded by a group of Revolutionary patriots in 1779, has died, and for the first time in 212 years, Elizabeth is without its own newspaper. The paper has had a series of owners and had a peak circulation of just over 60,000."</ref>

Public-access channelEdit

Residents of Elizabeth can tune into the public-access television cable channel at any time to view public information, the city bulletin board, live meetings, important health information and tips. This service is provided by Optimum on channel 18. The channel also features the top ten ranked television shows, educational facts, quote of the day, gas price statistics, and tips for keeping the city safe and clean.

In popular cultureEdit

Notable peopleEdit

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Sister citiesEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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