Template:Short description Template:Good article Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox song contest

The Eurovision Song Contest 1992 was the 37th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 9 May 1992 at the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} in Malmö, Sweden. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (SVT), and presented by Lydia Capolicchio and Harald Treutiger, the contest was held in Sweden following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" by Carola.

Twenty-three countries participated in the contestTemplate:Snda new record number of participating countriesTemplate:Sndwith the Template:Esccnty returning to the contest following a one-year break to join the twenty-two countries which had participated in the previous year's event.

The winner was Template:Esccnty with the song "Why Me", written by Johnny Logan and performed by Linda Martin. This marked Ireland's fourth contest win, and brought songwriter Logan his third win overall, having previously won the contest in Template:Esccnty as singer and in Template:Esccnty as both singer and songwriter. The Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty also placed in the top five, with the United Kingdom recording its thirteenth second-place position and Malta and Greece achieving their best ever results in the contest.

LocationEdit

File:Malmö isstadion 2.jpg
lang}}, Malmö – host venue of the 1992 contest

The 1992 contest took place in Malmö, Sweden, following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "Fångad av en stormvind", performed by Carola. It was the third time that Sweden had hosted the contest, following the Template:Escyr and Template:Escyr events held in Stockholm and Gothenburg respectively.<ref name="Sweden">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The chosen venue was the {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, normally used as an indoor ice hockey arena and up until 2008 the home stadium of the Malmö Redhawks ice hockey team. Constructed in 1970, the venue had also previously hosted concerts by Frank Sinatra and Julio Iglesias amongst others.Template:Sfn<ref name="Isstadion">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="EurovisionAgain">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> With a typical capacity of 5,800 spectators for ice hockey matches, for the contest an audience of around 3,700 was present.Template:Sfn<ref name="Isstadion" />

ParticipantsEdit

Template:Further Template:Interlanguage link info Template:ESC 1992 participants

File:Johnny Logan - NDR Hafengeburtstag 2017 18.jpg
Two-time contest winner Johnny Logan returned as the songwriter of the Template:Esccnty.

With the Template:Esccnty making a return to the contest after missing the previous year's contest, and Template:Esccnty continuing to participate following its return to the event in 1991, twenty-three countries in total competed in the 1992 contestTemplate:Snda new contest record.<ref name="ESC1992">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Ahead of the 1991 event the Maltese broadcaster had been told by the contest organisers that they would only be allowed to remain in the competition if another nation dropped out of the event, however after placing sixth in the 1991 contest, the organisers instead decided to raise the maximum number of participating countries to twenty-three to make space for continued Maltese participation.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The contest marked the final participation of Template:Esccnty, whose entry represented the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the first and only time, following the break-up of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the past year which had been responsible for all previous Yugoslav entries; following the 1992 contest Yugoslavia was excluded from participating and the nation would not return to the contest until Template:Escyr, when it competed under its new name Template:Esccnty.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The 1992 contest was notable in the fact that only two countries which had previously participated in past editions of the event were absent from the contest, namely Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty.<ref name="EurovisionAgain" />

Among the competing entries at this year's contest was the first entry to be performed in a French Creole language, and the first appearance of a song performed in Luxembourgish since Template:Escyr.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The 1992 event featured a number of artists who had competed in previous editions for the same country: Sigríður Beinteinsdóttir and Template:Ill, two members of Heart 2 Heart, had previously represented Template:Esccnty as Stjórnin; Rom Heck, a member of the group Kontinent, had represented Template:Esccnty as a member of the group Park Café; Linda Martin had represented Template:Esccnty; Mia Martini had represented Template:Esccnty; and the group Wind had represented Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Additionally, Evridiki participated as lead artist after previously performing backing vocals for Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

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Production and formatEdit

File:Anders Berglund in 2019.jpg
Anders Berglund (pictured in 2019) was the contest's musical director and led the orchestra during the event

The Eurovision Song Contest 1992 was produced by the Swedish public broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (SVT). Template:Ill served as executive producer, Template:Ill served as producer and director, Göran Arfs served as designer, and Anders Berglund served as musical director leading an assembled orchestra of around 50 musicians.<ref name="ESC1992" />Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.Template:Sfn On behalf of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Frank Naef as scrutineer.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.<ref name="HowItWorks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref name="Rules">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.<ref name="Rules" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Following the confirmation of the twenty-three competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 3 December 1991 and was conducted by Carola.Template:Sfn

The results of the 1992 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in Template:Escyr: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.<reF>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The stage design for the Malmö contest centred around a large representation of the bow of a Viking ship, flanked on either side by sets of stairs, while a hexagonal design was used for the floor area in front which was painted to resemble the Eurovision network logo.<ref name="ESC1992" />Template:Sfn To the left of the stage as seen by the audience sat the orchestra, while to the right stood a large video wall and a smaller stage for use by the presenters to introduce each act and during the voting sequence. Behind the Viking ship the backdrop featured a representation using neon lighting of the span of the Öresund Bridge, the construction of which had yet to begin but which would connect Sweden and Denmark, and thus connecting Sweden with the bulk of the European mainland from 1999.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV" /><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Rehearsals in the contest venue began on 3 May 1992, focussing on the opening performances and interval act. The participating artists began their rehearsals on 4 May, and each participating delegation was afforded two technical rehearsals in the week of the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals, held on 4 and 5 May, saw each country given a 40-minute slot on stage, followed by a press conference. Each delegation was then given a second slot to rehearse on stage, this time for 30 minutes, on 6 and 7 May. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 8 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 9 May. Audiences were present for the latter two dress rehearsals, and the final afternoon dress rehearsal was also recorded for use as a production stand-by. During the contest week the participating delegations were also invited to a welcome reception, which was held in Template:Ill.Template:Sfn The Yugoslav representative had been given additional security in the form of bodyguards and a doctor due to the breakout of the Yugoslav Wars.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

This year's contest featured a mascot: the "Eurobird", an anthropomorphic bird, featured as a computer animated character during the transition between the competing songs.<ref name="contestAV" /><ref name="Revisiting" />

Contest overviewEdit

File:Linda Martin 2013 01 (crop 2).jpg
Having previously come second at the Template:Escyr, Template:Esccnty's Linda Martin (pictured in 2013) returned and won the event with the song "Why Me?".

The contest took place on 9 May 1992 at 21:00 (CEST) with a duration of 3 hours. The show was presented by the Swedish journalists and television presenters Lydia Capolicchio and Harald Treutiger.<ref name="ESC1992" />Template:Sfn

The opening sequence featured a computer-generated animation showing the journey from the previous year's host city Rome to Malmö, including oversized models placed on the European continent representing the Colosseum, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Alps, the Eiffel Tower, and structures in Malmö including Malmö Castle, Kronprinsen and the Hyllie Water Tower.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV">Template:Cite AV media</ref> This was followed by performances within the venue by the Template:Ill rhythmic gymnastics troupe, involving ribbon choreography to an instrumental version of "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}", and the previous year's winning artist Carola who sang the song "All the Reasons to Live".<ref name="Revisiting">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn The interval act, entitled "A Century of Dance", featured David Johnson, Teresa Ibrahim, the Crazy Feat dance troupe and dancers from the Template:Ill, in a performance that showed the evolution of dance in Sweden and worldwide over the previous century; among the music pieces featured during the performance was "It Must Have Been Love" originally recorded by the Swedish duo Roxette.<ref name="contestAV" /><ref name="Revisiting" />Template:Sfn The trophy awarded to the winners was presented at the end of the broadcast by Carola.Template:Sfn

The winner was Template:Esccnty represented by the song "Why Me?", written by Johnny Logan and performed by Linda Martin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This was the fourth time that Ireland had won the contest, following victories Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Having come second Template:Esccnty, Martin became the third artist to have placed both first and second in the contest, alongside Lys Assia and Gigliola Cinquetti, and songwriter Logan, who had already won the contest twice as a performer in 1980 and 1987Template:Sndthe latter win additionally as the songwriterTemplate:Sndbecame the third individual to record two songwriting wins, alongside Willy van Hemert and Yves Dessca, and became the first, and Template:As of only, individual to record three wins as either singer or songwriter.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Template:Esccnty finished in second place for a record-extending thirteenth time, while Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty recorded their best ever results to date with third- and fifth-place finishes respectively.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Conversely host country Template:Esccnty recorded one of their worst ever results, finishing 22nd and second-to-last, and Template:Esccnty picked up their seventh last-place finish.<ref name="Sweden" /><ref name="Revisiting" /> With Ireland, the United Kingdom and Malta taking the top three places, all entries which were performed in English reached the top positions.<ref name="ESC1992" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1992Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Abbr Country Artist Song Points Place
1 Template:Esc Serafín lang}}" 37 14
2 Template:Esc Morgane lang}}" 11 20
3 Template:Esc Dafna lang}}" 85 6
4 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 17 19
5 Template:Esc Cleopatra lang}}" 94 5
6 Template:Esc Kali "Monte la riviè" 73 8
7 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 9 22
8 Template:Esc Dina lang}}" 26 17
9 Template:Esc Evridiki lang}}" 57 11
10 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Little Child" 123 3
11 Template:Esc Heart 2 Heart lang}}" 80 7
12 Template:Esc Pave "Yamma Yamma" 4 23
13 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Mister Music Man" 32 15
14 Template:Esc Template:Sortname and Kontinent lang}}" 10 21
15 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 63 10
16 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "One Step Out of Time" 139 2
17 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Why Me" 155 1
18 Template:Esc Template:Sortname and Kenny Lübcke lang}}" 47 12
19 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 111 4
20 Template:Flagdeco Yugoslavia Template:Ill lang}}" 44 13
21 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 23 18
22 Template:Esc Wind lang}}" 27 16
23 Template:Esc Template:Sortname lang}}" 67 9

SpokespersonsEdit

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Known spokespersons at the 1992 contest are listed below.

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Detailed voting resultsEdit

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.Template:Sfn The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

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rowspan="23" Template:Vert header Spain 37 1 1 4 6 2 3 3 2 1 1 7 5 1
Belgium 11 3 4 3 1
Israel 85 10 2 8 4 7 4 7 4 8 1 7 2 12 2 4 3
Turkey 17 8 3 6
Greece 94 7 8 7 3 5 12 2 5 10 4 12 7 8 4
France 73 6 12 3 3 7 12 5 6 10 3 6
Sweden 9 1 4 4
Portugal 26 8 2 2 1 5 8
Cyprus 57 3 10 2 2 1 8 2 6 4 8 3 8
Malta 123 12 10 7 12 12 1 8 5 12 8 10 8 3 10 5
Iceland 80 8 4 4 6 6 6 3 5 7 12 5 5 1 6 2
Finland 4 1 3
Switzerland 32 5 12 4 1 10
Luxembourg 10 10
Austria 63 2 8 8 1 3 8 4 10 12 7
United Kingdom 139 5 12 2 10 10 5 6 6 4 6 8 7 12 7 12 8 12 7
Ireland 155 1 7 12 12 10 4 5 12 7 10 6 10 10 8 10 2 2 7 10 10
Denmark 47 4 6 7 1 6 6 3 3 6 5
Italy 111 5 3 12 8 8 10 5 10 12 7 6 12 1 12
Yugoslavia 44 10 6 1 5 2 3 5 4 2 4 2
Norway 23 3 2 1 1 4 5 6 1
Germany 27 6 10 6 2 3
Netherlands 67 7 2 5 7 5 4 7 3 1 5 2 8 4 7

12 pointsEdit

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Italy, Malta and the United Kingdom each received the maximum score of 12 points from four of the voting countries, with Ireland receiving three sets of 12 points, France and Greece receiving two sets of maximum scores each, and Austria, Iceland, Israel and Switzerland each receiving one maximum score.<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1992<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
4 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
3 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
2 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc
1 Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Flagdeco Yugoslavia
Template:Esc Template:Esc

BroadcastsEdit

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".<ref name="Rules" /> Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The contest was broadcast in 44 countries, including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea, with an estimated global audience of 150 to 250 million viewers.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

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Notes and referencesEdit

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

External linksEdit

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Template:Eurovision Song Contest 1992 Template:Eurovision Song Contest Template:Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits Template:Authority control