Eurovision Song Contest 1993

The Eurovision Song Contest 1993 was the 38th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 15 May 1993 at the Green Glens Arena in Millstreet, Ireland. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTÉ), and presented by Fionnuala Sweeney, the contest was held in Ireland following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "Why Me?" performed by Linda Martin.

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, the largest yet held. Twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the previous year's event returned, with Template:Esccnty prevented from competing following the closure of its national broadcaster and the placement of sanctions against the country as a response to the Yugoslav Wars. In response to an increased interest in participation of broadcasters from former Eastern Bloc countries following the collapse of communist regimes, three spaces in the event were allocated to first-time participating countries, which would be determined through a qualifying competition. Held in April 1993 in Ljubljana, Slovenia, {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} featured entries from seven countries and resulted in the entries from the former Yugoslav republics of Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty progressing to the contest in Millstreet.

For the second year in a row, the winner was Template:Esccnty with the song "In Your Eyes", written by Jimmy Walsh and performed by Niamh Kavanagh. The Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty completed the top five, with the United Kingdom achieving their second consecutive runner-up placing. Ireland achieved their fifth victory in the contest, matching the overall record held by Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty, and joined Template:Esccnty, Luxembourg and Template:Esccnty as countries with wins in successive contests.

Location

The 1993 contest took place in Millstreet, Ireland, following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "Why Me?", performed by Linda Martin. It was the fourth time that Ireland had hosted the contest, having previously staged the event in Template:Escyr, Template:Escyr, and Template:Escyr, with all previous events held in the country's capital city Dublin.<ref name="ESC1993">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Ireland">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The Green Glens Arena, an indoor arena used primarily for equestrian events, was chosen as the contest venue, with its owner Noel C Duggan offering the use of the venue for free, as well as pledging a further Template:Currency from local businesses for the staging of the event.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Individuals within {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTÉ), including the organisation's Director-General Joe Barry, were interested in staging the event outside of Dublin for the first time, and alongside Dublin RTÉ production teams scouted locations in rural Ireland in the months following Ireland's win.Template:Sfn Although the contest had previously been held in smaller towns, such as Harrogate, an English town of 70,000 people which staged the Template:Escyr, with a population of 1,500, Millstreet became the smallest settlement to stage the event at that time and continues to hold the record Template:As of.<ref name="spotlight">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The arena would have an audience of around 3,500 during the contest.Template:Sfn The choice of Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena to stage the contest was met with some ridicule, with BBC journalist Nicholas Witchell referring to the venue as a "cowshed", however Millstreet had won out over more conventional locations, including Dublin and Galway, due to the facilities available in the Green Glens Arena and the town's local community which were hugely enthusiastic about the event being staged in their area.Template:Sfn<ref name="spotlight" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Due to the small size of Millstreet, delegations were primarily based in surrounding settlements, including Killarney and other towns in counties Cork and Kerry.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Alongside Millstreet itself, Killarney and Cork City held receptions for the competing delegates during the week of the contest, at the Great Southern Hotel in Killarney and Cork's City Hall, the latter hosted by the Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht.Template:Sfn

Participants

Template:Further Template:Interlanguage link info Template:ESC 1993 participants In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Eurovision Song Contest regularly featured over twenty participants in each edition, and by 1992 an increasing number of broadcasters had begun expressing an interest in joining the event for the first time. This came as a result of revolutions leading to the fall of communist regimes in Europe and the formation of new countries due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. With the admission into the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) of the broadcasters of the countries that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia, and the merger of the EBU with its Eastern European counterpart, the International Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), the number of broadcasters elegible to participate in the contest increased significantly.<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:Sfn<ref name="Milestone">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In an effort to incorporate these new countries into the contest, the EBU raised the maximum number of participants to twenty-fiveTemplate:Sndthe highest number yet seen in the contestTemplate:Sndcreating space for three new countries to participate alongside twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the Template:Escyr.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Template:EsccntyTemplate:Sndwhich had participated in the contest since Template:EscyrTemplate:EfnTemplate:Sndwas unable to participate as its EBU member broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (JRT) was disbanded in 1992 and its successor organisations {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTS) and {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTCG) were barred from joining the EBU due to sanctions against the country as part of the Yugoslav Wars.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

As a temporary solution for the 1993 contest, a qualifying round was organised to determine the three countries which participate in the final for the first time. Subsequently, for the Template:Escyr, a relegation system was introduced which would bar the lowest-scoring countries from participating in the following year's event.<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref name="Milestone" /> At the running order draw, held in December 1992 at the National Concert Hall in Dublin and hosted by Pat Kenny and Linda Martin, the three new countries were represented as Countries A, B, and C, corresponding with the countries that would place first, second and third in the qualifying competition respectively.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> Entitled {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}, the qualifying round took place on 3 April 1993 in Ljubljana, Slovenia.<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:Sfn Initially broadcasters in as many as fourteen countries registered an interest in competing in the event, however only seven of them eventually submitted entries, representing Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty, and Template:Esccnty.Template:Sfn Ultimately the entries from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were chosen to progress to the contest proper in Millstreet;<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn as constituent republics of SFR Yugoslavia, representatives from all three countries had previously competed in the contest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A number of artists who had previously participated in the contest were featured among the performers at this event for the same country, either as the main performing artist or as backing performers: Tony Wegas had represented Template:Esccnty, and among his backing performers was Gary Lux, who had previously represented Austria in the contest on three occasions, as a member of the group Westend in Template:Esccnty and as a solo artist in Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty;Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Katri Helena had previously competed for Template:Esccnty;Template:Sfn Tommy Seebach, representing Denmark as part of the Seebach Band, had represented Template:Esccnty as a solo artist and Template:Esccnty alongside Debbie Cameron;Template:Sfn and Humphrey Campbell, who had represented the Template:Esccnty, returned as a backing singer for the Dutch entrant Ruth Jacott.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Eurovision Song Contest 1993 participantsTemplate:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Country	Broadcaster	Artist	Song	Language	Songwriter(s)	Conductor
Template:Esc	ORF	Tony Wegas	"Maria Magdalena"	German	Template:Hlist	Christian Kolonovits
Template:Esc	BRTN	Barbara	lang}}"	Dutch	Template:Hlist	Bert Candries
Template:Esc	RTVBiH	Fazla	lang}}"	Bosnian	Template:Hlist	Noel KelehanTemplate:Efn
Template:Esc	HRT	Put	"Don't Ever Cry"	Croatian, English	Template:Hlist	Andrej Baša
Template:Esc	CyBC	Template:Ill and Template:Ill	lang}}" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})	Greek	Template:Hlist	George Theofanous
Template:Esc	DR	Seebach Band	lang}}"	Danish	Template:Hlist	George Keller
Template:Esc	YLE	Katri Helena	lang}}"	Finnish	Template:Hlist	Olli Ahvenlahti
Template:Esc	lang}}	Patrick Fiori	"Mama Corsica"	French, Corsican	François Valéry	Christian Cravero
Template:Esc	MDRTemplate:Efn	Münchener Freiheit	lang}}"	German	Template:Ill	Norbert Daum
Template:Esc	ERT	Katerina Garbi	lang}}" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})	Greek	Dimosthenis Stringlis	Haris Andreadis
Template:Esc	RÚV	Template:Ill	lang}}"	Icelandic	Template:Hlist	Jon Kjell Seljeseth
Template:Esc	RTÉ	Niamh Kavanagh	"In Your Eyes"	English	Jimmy Walsh	Noel Kelehan
Template:Esc	IBA	Lehakat Shiru	lang}}" ({{#invoke:Lang|lang}})	Hebrew, English	Template:Hlist	Amir Frohlich
Template:Esc	RAI	Enrico Ruggeri	lang}}"	Italian	Enrico Ruggeri	Vittorio Cosma
Template:Esc	CLT	Modern Times	lang}}"	French, Luxembourgish	Template:Hlist	Francis Goya
Template:Esc	PBS	William Mangion	"This Time"	English	William Mangion	Template:Ill
Template:Esc	NOS	Ruth Jacott	lang}}"	Dutch	Template:Hlist	Harry van Hoof
Template:Esc	NRK	Silje Vige	lang}}"	Norwegian	Template:Ill	Rolf Løvland
Template:Esc	RTP	Anabela	lang}}"	Portuguese	Template:Hlist	Armindo Neves
Template:Esc	RTVSLO	1X Band	lang}}"	Slovene	Template:Hlist	Jože Privšek
Template:Esc	TVE	Eva Santamaría	lang}}"	Spanish	Carlos Toro	Eduardo Leiva
Template:Esc	SVT	Arvingarna	"Eloise"	Swedish	Template:Hlist	Curt-Eric Holmquist
Template:Esc	SRG SSR	Annie Cotton	lang}}"	French	Template:Hlist	Marc Sorrentino
Template:Esc	TRT	Template:Ill, Öztürk Baybora and Serter	lang}}"	Turkish	Burak Aydos	Template:N/A
Template:Esc	BBC	Sonia	"Better the Devil You Know"	English	Template:Hlist	Nigel Wright

lang}}Template:Sfn

Country	Broadcaster	Artist	Song	Language	Songwriter(s)
Template:Esc	ETV	Janika Sillamaa	lang}}"	Estonian	Template:Hlist
Template:Esc	MTV	Template:Ill	lang}}"	Hungarian	Template:Hlist
Template:Esc	TVR	Dida Drăgan	lang}}"	Romanian	Template:Hlist
Template:Esc	STV	Elán	lang}}"	Slovak	Template:Hlist

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1993 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} (RTÉ). Liam Miller served as executive producer, Kevin Linehan served as producer, Anita Notaro served as director, Alan Farquharson served as designer, and Noel Kelehan served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> A separate musical director could be appointed by each participating broadcaster to lead the orchestra during the performance of its entry, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those which did not nominate their own conductor.Template:Sfn On behalf of the EBU, the event was overseen by Christian Clausen as scrutineer.<ref name="ESC1993" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Sfn

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.<ref name="HowItWorks">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref name="Rules">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks; however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.<ref name="Rules" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The results of the 1993 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in Template:Escyr: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The points awarded by each country were determined by a jury assembled by each participating broadcaster of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

The 1993 contest was at the time the largest outside broadcast production ever undertaken by RTÉ, and the broadcaster was reported to have spent over Template:Currency on producing the event.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="RTENews" /> In order to stage the event Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena underwent major infrastructure improvements, which were led by local groups and individuals.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The floor area within the arena had to be dug out in order to create additional height to facilitate the stage and equipment, extra phone lines had to be installed, and the town's railway line and station required an extension at an extra cost of over Template:Currency.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The stage design for the Millstreet contest featured the largest stage yet constructed for the event, covering 2,500ft² (232m²) of translucent material which was illuminated from below by lighting strips. A mirror image of the triangular shaped stage was suspended from above, and a slanted background created a distorted perspective for the viewer. A hidden doorway featured in the centre of the stage, which was used by the presenter at the beginning of the show, and by the winning artist as they re-entered the arena following the broadcast.Template:Sfn<ref name="RTENews" /><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> The contest logo, which was publicly presented in February 1993, was designed by Conor Cassidy and was adapted from aspects of the coat of arms of County Cork.<ref name="RTENews" /><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 10 May 1993. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals were held on 10 and 11 May, consisting of a 15-minute stage-call for the setting up of the stage with instruments and equipment and to brief the orchestra, followed by a 25-minute rehearsal, with the second rehearsals held on 12 and 13 May comprising a 10-minute stage call and 20-minute rehearsal. Following each first rehearsal, there was an opportunity for delegates to review their rehearsals on video monitors, as well as to take part in a 25-minute press conference. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 14 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 15 May. An audience was present for the second dress rehearsal on the evening of 14 May, which was highly attended by the local population of Millstreet.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

Contest overview

File:Niamh Kavanagh in Oslo 2010.jpg

Niamh Kavanagh (pictured in 2010), won the 1993 contest.

The contest took place on 15 May 1993 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 1 minute.<ref name="ESC1993" />Template:Sfn The show was presented by the Irish journalist Fionnuala Sweeney.<ref name="ESC1993" /><ref name="Sweeney">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The contest was opened by an animated sequence designed by Gary Keenan and inspired by Celtic mythology, set to Irish traditional music by composers Ronan Johnston and Shea Fitzgerald and featuring uilleann pipes player Davy Spillane.Template:Sfn<ref name="RTENews">Template:Cite AV media</ref><ref name="contestAV">Template:Cite AV media</ref> The interval act comprised performances by previous Eurovision winners Linda Martin, reprising her winning song from the Template:Escyr "Why Me?", and Johnny Logan, performing the song "Voices (Are Calling)" with choirs from the Cork School of Music and local children of Millstreet.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The trophy awarded to the winners was crafted by Waterford Crystal and was presented by Linda Martin.<ref name="contestAV" />Template:Sfn

The winner was Template:Esccnty represented by the song "In Your Eyes", written by Jimmy Walsh and performed by Niamh Kavanagh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This marked Ireland's fifth contest win, putting them level with Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty for the country with the most wins, and its second win in a row, matching the same feat previously achieved by Template:Esccnty (Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty), Luxembourg (Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty) and Template:Esccnty (Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty).<ref name="Ireland" />Template:Sfn The Template:Esccnty finished in second place for the second year in a row, and for a record-extending fourteenth time overall.Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1993Template:Sfn<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Abbr	Country	Artist	Song	Points	Place
1	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	45	12
2	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname, Öztürk Baybora and Serter	lang}}"	10	21
3	Template:Esc	Münchener Freiheit	lang}}"	18	18
4	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	148	3
5	Template:Esc	Seebach Band	lang}}"	9	22
6	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	64	9
7	Template:Esc	Barbara	lang}}"	3	25
8	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"This Time"	69	8
9	Template:Esc	Inga	lang}}"	42	13
10	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"Maria Magdalena"	32	14
11	Template:Esc	Anabela	lang}}"	60	10
12	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"Mama Corsica"	121	4
13	Template:Esc	Arvingarna	"Eloise"	89	7
14	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	"In Your Eyes"	187	1
15	Template:Esc	Modern Times	lang}}"	11	20
16	Template:Esc	1X Band	lang}}"	9	22
17	Template:Esc	Katri Helena	lang}}"	20	17
18	Template:Esc	Fazla	lang}}"	27	16
19	Template:Esc	Sonia	"Better the Devil You Know"	164	2
20	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	92	6
21	Template:Esc	Put	"Don't Ever Cry"	31	15
22	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	58	11
23	Template:Esc	Zymboulakis and Van Beke	lang}}"	17	19
24	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	4	24
25	Template:Esc	Template:Sortname	lang}}"	120	5

Spokespersons

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.<ref name="HowItWorks" /><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Known spokespersons at the 1993 contest are listed below.

• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndSolveig HerlinTemplate:Sfn
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndOlivier Minne<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndEileen Dunne<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndKevin Drake<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndTemplate:Ill<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndGösta HansonTemplate:Sfn
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndTemplate:Ill<ref name="Milliyet">Template:Cite news</ref>
• Template:FlaguTemplate:SndColin BerryTemplate:Sfn

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.Template:Sfn The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order. However, due to a technical problem with the telephone connection, Malta, which had been scheduled to be the eighth country to vote, was passed over and instead voted last.Template:Sfn<ref name="contestAV" /> The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1993Template:Sfn<ref name="results">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="scoreboard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
		scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header	scope="col" Template:Vert header
rowspan="25" Template:Vert header	Italy	45				1						10	5			10		8			2		2				7
Turkey	10								1									2			1	6
Germany	18	8			2	3								4						1
Switzerland	148	10		12		10	7	8	4	6	1	12	6	7	12	8	4		10	8	2	3	6	4	3	5
Denmark	9												1		3			5
Greece	64	2	2	2								7					6			5		8	12	7	7	6
Belgium	3			3
Malta	69	7	5	4	7	5	5			4	2	2	4	2				4	6		4	4	1	3
Iceland	42					4	4			1			7	1		5			2	7	5		2	2	2
Austria	32		4				1	3				3		6				12	3
Portugal	60			1		1	2		2	5		8	2		4		2		1	12		12	3		5
France	121		7		4	12	3		8	7	12		8	10	6	4	1		4	3	8		10	8	6
Sweden	89			8	8	7		10	7	10	4				5	6	7		7					10
Ireland	187	12	1	5	12	6	6	2	3	8	6	10	12		7	12	3	8	12	10	6	10	7	5	12	12
Luxembourg	11															1										10
Slovenia	9	4											3					1								1
Finland	20		3				8		5						2											2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	27	3	12					1				4		3												4
United Kingdom	164	1	8	6	5	8		12	12	12	7	6	10	8	8	10	5	3		4	10	5	4	12	8
Netherlands	92	6	6	7				7	6	3			5	12		7		10			3	7			10	3
Croatia	31				3			4			5								8			1		6	4
Spain	58	5			6			5		2						2	10	6			7		5	1	1	8
Cyprus	17					2	10												5
Israel	4										3	1
Norway	120		10	10	10		12	6	10		8			5	1	3	12	7		6	12		8

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Ireland received the maximum score of 12 points from seven of the voting countries, with the United Kingdom receiving four sets of 12 points, Norway and Switzerland receiving three sets of maximum scores each, France and Portugal two sets each, and Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece and the Netherlands each receiving one maximum score.<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993<ref name="results" /><ref name="scoreboard" />

N.	Contestant	Nation(s) giving 12 points
7	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
4	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
3	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
2	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc, Template:Esc
1	Template:Esc	Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc
	Template:Esc	Template:Esc

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".<ref name="Rules" /> Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The contest reportedly received an estimated global audience of 300 to 500 million television viewers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Template:Refh
Template:Flagu	ORF	ORF 1	Ernst Grissemann	<ref name="Schweiz" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	BRTN	TV1	André Vermeulen	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	RTBF	RTBF1, Sports 21	Claude Delacroix	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	HRT	HTV 1	Aleksandar Kostadinov	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	CyBC	RIK 1	Evi Papamichail	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	Radio Frederik		Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	DR	DR TV	Jørgen de Mylius	<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
		DR P3	Jens Michael Nielsen
Template:Flagu	YLE	TV1	Erkki Pohjanheimo and Kirsi-Maria Niemi	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		lang}}	Sanna Kojo and Template:Ill
		lang}}	Johan Finne, Template:Ill and Template:Ill
Template:Flagu	lang}}	France 2	Patrice Laffont	<ref name="TV8" />
Template:Flagu	ARD	lang}}	Jan Hofer	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	BR	Bayern 1	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	ERT	ET1	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RÚV	lang}}	Jakob Frímann Magnússon	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTÉ	RTÉ 1	Pat Kenny	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
		RTÉ Radio 1	Larry Gogan	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	IBA	Israeli Television	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RAI	lang}}Template:Efn	Template:Ill	<ref name="Radiocorriere">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Template:Flagu	CLT	RTL Hei Elei	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Template:Flagu	PBS	TVM	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	NOS	lang}}	Willem van Beusekom	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	NRK	lang}}, NRK P2	Leif Erik Forberg	<ref name="Scandi">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Template:Subscription or libraries</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTP	lang}}Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTVSLO	SLO 1	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		Val 202	Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TVE	lang}}	José Luis Uribarri	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	SVT	TV2	Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	SR	SR P3	Claes-Johan Larsson and Susan Seidemar	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	SRG SSR	SF DRS	Template:Ill	<ref name="Schweiz">Template:Cite news</ref>
		lang}}	Jean-Marc Richard	<ref name="TV8">Template:Cite magazine</ref>
		lang}}	Emanuela Gaggini	<ref name="TV8" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	TRT	TRT 1	Bülend Özveren	<ref name="Milliyet" />
Template:Flagu	BBC	BBC1Template:Efn	Terry Wogan	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
		BBC Radio 2	Ken Bruce	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries

Country	Broadcaster	Channel(s)	Commentator(s)	Template:Refh
Template:Flagu	SBS	SBS TVTemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Canberra">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	ETV		rowspan="2" Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
	STV	STV1
Template:Flagu	SSVC	SSVC TelevisionTemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Falklands">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	SvF		Template:N/A	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	KNR	KNRTemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Greenland">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	MTV	MTV1	István Vágó	<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Template:Flagu	TVP	TVP1	Artur Orzech and Template:Ill	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTR	RTRTemplate:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Russia">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	STV	STV2Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="STV">Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Flagu	RTS	RTS B2Template:Efn	Template:N/A	<ref name="Yugoslavia">Template:Cite news</ref>

Notes and references

Bibliography

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External links

• Template:Official website