Ferrari 456

The Ferrari 456 and 456M (Type F116) are front-engine grand tourers which were produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 1992 to 2003. The 456 succeeded the front-engine 412 as the company's V12-powered four-seater. The updated 456M, which was the last Ferrari model to use pop-up headlamps, was replaced in 2004 by the 612 Scaglietti.

456

Introduced in October 1993, the 456 was designed by Pietro Camardella at Pininfarina. The designer took heavy inspiration from the 365 GTB Daytona when designing the car.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> It was available in GT and (from 1996) GTA trims. The former has a six-speed manual, and the latter has a four-speed automatic developed in partnership with FF Developments, in Livonia,_Michigan (which was later purchased by Ricardo Engineering in the UK.) The automatic transmission used in the 456 was the second and last conventional hydraulic automatic transmission with a torque converter to be offered by Ferrari (The transmission found its first use in the 400/412 series). The Template:Cvt<ref name="ferrari.com"/> 65° V12 engine was derived from the Dino V6 rather than the more conventional 60° V12s used in the 412 and Daytona. It is rated at Template:Cvt, with 4 valves per cylinder and Bosch Motronic M2.7 engine management. Ferrari claims it could push the Template:Cvt car to a top speed of Template:Cvt, making it, at the time, the world's second fastest production four-seater automobile behind the Porsche 959.<ref name=":2">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Acceleration from 0-Template:Convert takes 4.8 seconds, with a 13.3 second quarter-mile time (400 m).<ref name=":0" /> At the time of its development, the 456 was the most powerful regular production road car ever developed by Ferrari. In 1996, the engine management system was changed to a Motronic M5.2 management and the engine with the updated system was given the F116C code. The V12 in the 456 is considered by some to be one of Ferrari’s more reliable engines, not having many of the major issues and servicing requirements of other Ferrari models.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The name 456 is derived from the fact that each cylinder displaces 456 cubic centimeters. This was the last Ferrari to use this naming convention until the 488 GTB. A further developed version of this engine was used in the front-engine 550 Maranello grand tourer introduced in 1996, which became the most powerful naturally aspirated Ferrari production car aside from the 456.

The chassis is a tubular steel space-frame construction with a one-piece composite bonnet and body panels made from aluminium. The body panels are welded to the chassis via a special "sandwich filler" called feran that, when laid between, allows steel and aluminium to be welded. Pininfarina was responsible for the bodywork of the 456 until 1996 when production was moved to Ferrari. The total number of 456 bodies made by Pininfarina amounts to 1,435.<ref name="pininfarina.it">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Fastlane 2012 (7188592168) (cropped).jpg

  Ferrari 456

• Festival automobile international 2011 - Vente aux enchères - Ferrari 456 M GT - 1994 06.jpg

  Ferrari 456 M GT (rear view)

• Ferrari 456 engine.JPG

  Engine

• Ferrari 456 Interior.jpg

  Interior

456M

File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2016 - Ferrari 456M GTA - 1999 - 006.jpg

Ferrari 456M GTA

File:Paris - RM Sotheby’s 2016 - Ferrari 456M GTA - 1999 - 005.jpg

Updated interior of the GTA with circular HVAC design and modern touches

The 456M (M standing for Modificata) was unveiled in March 1998 at the Geneva Motor Show. Many changes were made to improve aerodynamics and cooling and the interior – still featuring Connolly Leather – was refreshed with new seats and other conveniences (three gauges on the dash instead of five, a new Becker stereo fitted in front of the shifter rather than behind as in the very shallow and special Sony head unit in the 456 GT and a revised real parcel shelf now featuring an integrated high level brake light). The intake ducts present on the bonnet on the original 456 were removed for a cleaner appearance and the size of the combined side markers/indicator lights was reduced. The brake ducts present on the apron of the original 456 were removed in favour of a larger intake located at the front of the car. The front suspension geometry now consisted of modified control arms to reduce dive under heavy braking and larger, 330 mm brake discs from the 550 Maranello were used at the front. At the rear of the car, a new bumper with a reshaped license plate housing was added along with a fixed undercarriage spoiler (the older 456 had a motorised spoiler that began its deployment above Template:Convert). This worked in conjunction with a new panel manufactured from fiberglass and PVC. The aerodynamic improvements to the 456M resulted in the car being Template:Cvt longer than the 456.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The bonnet was the first commercial application of carbon fibre, the previous being made of a composite material. Power output remained unchanged on the Modificata using Bosch Motronic M5.2 engine management at Template:Convert; the cylinder firing order was changed for smoother running and the torque remained the same for later versions of the 456 GT.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

456 Bicolore Scaglietti

The 456 Bicolore Scaglietti was launched at the 2002 Geneva Motor Show. The show car present at the stand was commissioned by then Ferrari F1 racing driver Michael Schumacher. Customers could work with the Carrozzeria Scaglietti personalisation programme to create a highly individual car. The car has a two-colour paint scheme with the roof, exterior mirrors and wheels painted Canna Di Fusile (Gunmetal Grey) whilst the rest of the body was painted Grigio Nuvolari. The car also featured a custom grey leather interior with red stitching featuring a plaque containing Schumacher's signature and Formula 1 racing championship years, power adjustable seats with position memory settings, dual zone climate control, reworked gauges with a Template:Cvt speedometer, an uprated handling pack, and cross-drilled Brembo brakes. Cars equipped with an automatic transmission would be thus designated as a Tipo 456M GT(A) Scaglietti. The car is also known as the 456M GT "Schumacher Edition" as Schumacher was the first to commission the car. A total of 30 cars were produced, with only 10 being made with the 6-speed manual transmission.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Production

The total production of the 456 amounted to 3,289 units. These consisted of the following versions:<ref name="thesupercars.org" />

456: 1,951

• 456 GT: 1,548
• 456 GTA: 403

456M: 1,338

• 456M GT: 688
• 456M GTA: 650

Performance

According to manufacturer estimates, the 456 GT can attain a top speed of Template:Cvt<ref name=":2" /> and can accelerate from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.2 seconds.<ref name="ferrari.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The GTA can attain the same acceleration at 5.5 seconds.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The Modificata models had the same performance statistics as their respective predecessors.

Car & Driver magazine test results for 1995 456 GT were:<ref name=":0">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Acceleration (seconds) : 0-Template:Convert: 4.8
• Standing quarter-mile, sec/mph: 13.3/107
• Braking 70-0 mph: 170 ft
• Lateral acceleration: 0.89 g

Road & Track magazine test results for the 1995 456 GT were:<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Acceleration: 0-Template:Convert: 5.1 seconds
• Standing quarter-mile: 13.4 seconds at 108.8 mph
• Braking 60-0 mph: 124 ft

Road & Track magazine test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:<ref name=":1" />

• Acceleration: 0-Template:Convert: 5.1 seconds
• Standing quarter-mile: 13.6 seconds 103 mph
• Braking 60-0 mph: 120 ft
• Lateral acceleration: 0.93 g

Motor Trend magazine's test results for the 1997 456 GTA were:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Acceleration: 0-Template:Convert: 4.9 seconds
• Standing quarter-mile: 13.3 seconds 105.2 mph
• Braking 60-0 mph: 114 ft
• Lateral acceleration: 0.88 g
• Top Speed, 177 mph

Other body styles

While the 456 2+2 coupé was the only version offered to the general public, five other bodystyles were made on special request of specific customers:

• Ferrari 456 GT Saloon: At least three of these 4-door saloons (sedans) were built by Pininfarina especially for the Sultan of Brunei.<ref name="thesupercars.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Ferrari 456 GT Venice: A series of seven 5-door estate (wagon) commissioned by Prince Jefri Bolkiah of Brunei. After Pininfarina designed and built them, the prince purchased six. It is unknown if the seventh car was purchased by a private car collector or if the remaining car was actually used as a development mule for testing. Each car is rumoured to have cost the Sultan's brother around US$1.5 million.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> The first Ferrari estate ever built.

• Ferrari 456 GT Spyder: A convertible version of the 456, of which two were built by Pininfarina specially for the Sultan of Brunei.
• Ferrari 456 GT Cabriolet: There are also three aftermarket conversions made by the R. Straman Company of Costa Mesa, California, one of which was purchased by boxer Mike Tyson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Ferrari 456 Venice front left.jpg

  456 GT Venice (front-left)

• 1995 Ferrari 456 Convertible by Straman (100281), front right.jpg

  One of three convertibles built by R. Straman

Awards

Template:Unsourced section The 5.5 L V12 engine used in the 456 won the "over 4-litre" class of the International Engine of the Year award for 2000 and 2001.

External links

• Official website
• What Does a Ferrari 456 GT V12 Sound Like?

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Type		1970s										1980s										1990s
		0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
8 cylinder	Mid-engine berlinetta						308					308 i		308 QV			328				348										360
												208		208 Turbo				GTB/GTS Turbo								F355
	Mid-engine 2+2				308 GT4							Mondial 8		Mondial QV			Mondial 3.2				Mondial t
							208 GT4
12 cylinder	Boxer berlinetta				365 GT4 BB			512 BB					512 BBi			Testarossa (F110)							512TR			F512 M
	Grand tourer	365 GTB/4 "Daytona"																										550 Maranello
	2+2 grand tourer	365 2+2	365 GTC/4		365 GT4 2+2			400			400 i						412							456						456M
Flagship sports car																288 GTO			F40								F50
Legend		Template:Legend0