Flag of Myanmar

The State Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was adopted on 21 October 2010.<ref name=gnlm/>

Current flag since 2010

The State Flag<ref name=C08>Article 437 (a), Chapter Template:Rn, Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, (2008)</ref> described in the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar was adopted by enacting the 2010 Union Flag Law and the abolishment of the 1974 State Flag Law on 21 October 2010. It was hoisted for the first time at 3:00 p.m. local time on 21 October 2010.<ref name=gnlm>Template:Cite news</ref> Orders were also handed out to ensure all old national flags were burned.<ref name="Robert Birsel" />

Unlike the previous 1974 State Flag Law, the 2010 Union Flag Law includes the definition of the flag. The current flag is a horizontal tricolour flag of yellow, green, and red charged with a five-pointed white star in the centre of the field. The background is a yellow, green, and red tricolor, meant to honour the tricolours used during the independence struggle. The yellow represents unity, conformity, wisdom, happiness, and unity of all national races amicably. The green symbolises fertility, conformity, fairness, and being a peaceful, pleasant, and green nation. The red represents bravery and decisiveness. The white star stands for purity, honesty, fullness of compassion, and power.<ref name="UFL"/><ref name="MT11">Template:Cite book</ref>

• Flag of Myanmar.svg

  State Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, in use since 21 October 2010.

• Flag of Myanmar (construction sheet).svg

  Detailed construction sheet.

• Flag of Myanmar specifications.jpg

  Specifications of the flag.

Scheme	Yellow	Green	Red	White
Pantone	116	361	1788	Safe
RGB	254-203-0	52-178-51	234-40-57	255-255-255
Hexadecimal	#FECB00	#34B233	#EA2839	#FFFFFF
CMYK	0, 20, 100, 0	76, 0, 100, 0	0, 98, 82, 0	0, 0, 0, 0

Obsolete flags (1948–2010)

The two flags used by the country immediately before the 2010 flag both originated in the Burmese Resistance, which adopted a red flag with a white star when fighting the occupying Japanese forces during World War II.

1948 flag

File:Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg

National Flag of the Union of Burma
(4 January 1948 – 3 January 1974).
Proportion 5:9; civil and state flag. Template:FIAVTemplate:FIAV

The National Flag of the Union of Burma was designed by Maung Win and adopted by the Constituent Assembly of the Union of Burma in August 1947.<ref name=NNS13/> It was hoisted for the first time at 4:25 AM on 4 January 1948 when Burma gained its independence from the United Kingdom. The flag consisted of a red field defaced with a blue canton. The blue canton was charged with one large white star surrounded by five smaller stars between its rays. The big white star in the canton and the red field honour the Resistance Flag and indicate the anti-fascist struggle. The five small white stars between the rays of the big white star symbolize the unity of various ethnicities of the republican union founded as a result of the resistance. The red represents courage, determination and unity. The blue canton means the nature of the sky, having deep meanings, the fresh and clear mind, and the light emitted in the night sky. The usage of stars is for the nature of the stars: never stopping, never cancelling the chosen path, always moving forward, being a guide for travellers, and existing since the beginning of the world indicating that Burma is with its rightful glory as an independent republic on the earth, while the colour white represents purity, righteousness and steadfastness.<ref name="BAM"/> This flag has a ratio of 5:9 in which the canton has a ratio of 2Template:Frac:4.<ref name=AFPFLN>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Rp<ref>Myanmar (Burma): former flags. Fotw.net. Retrieved on 27 May 2011. Template:Webarchive</ref> On 3 January 1974, it was replaced by the State Flag of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma.<ref name=dd>Template:Cite book</ref>

Colours scheme	Blue	Red	White
RGB	32-66-161	218-45-28	255-255-255
Hexadecimal	#2042A1	#DA2D1C	#FFFFFF
CMYK	80, 59, 0, 37	0, 79, 87, 15	0, 0, 0, 0

1974 flag

File:Flag of Myanmar (1974-2010).svg

State Flag of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (3 January 1974 – 18 September 1988) and the Union of Myanmar (18 September 1988 – 21 October 2010).
Proportion 5:9; civil and state flag and state ensign. Template:FIAVTemplate:FIAV

The State Flag<ref name=C74>Article 191, Chapter Template:Rn, Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, 1974</ref> designed by Mya Thaung<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and adopted on 3 January 1974<ref name=dd/> upon the coming into force of the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma has a similar ratio and background colours as the previous flag but with different charge in the canton. The colour representations are also different: white is for purity and virtue, red for bravery and decisiveness, blue for peacefulness and steadfastness. It depicts 14 equal-sized white stars encircling a pinion with 14 cogs and ear of paddy with 34 grains superimposed on it (each star on each cog of the pinion) in a blue canton against a red field. The paddy represents peasants while the pinion represents workers; the combination symbolizes the peasants and workers as the foundation social classes for building the State. The 14 equal-sized white stars represent the equality and unity of the 14 members (7 states and 7 divisions) of the Union.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The 14-star flag was hung upside down during the 8888 Uprising of 1988 by demonstrators as a sign of protest against the military government. Despite its association with the period of military rule under Ne Win and later the State Peace and Development Council, the 1974 flag is used by demonstrators in the 2021 Myanmar protests, alongside the 1948 flag.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Colours scheme	Blue	Red	White
RGB	32-66-161	218-45-28	255-255-255
Hexadecimal	#2042A1	#DA2D1C	#FFFFFF
CMYK	80, 59, 0, 37	0, 79, 87, 15	0, 0, 0, 0

Vertical style

Current flag

When hanging or depicting vertically, the yellow must be on left and the star must point to left.

File:Flag of Myanmar (vertical).svg

<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Obsolete flags

1948 flag

When hanging or depicting vertically, the blue canton must be in the upper hoist, and the stars in the canton must point to the left.

File:Vertical flag of Burma (1948–1974).svg

<ref name="BAM"/>

Influence of pre-independence flags

The Tricolours

In 1930, the Dobama Asiayone adopted a tricolour (Template:Langx, Template:Literal translation) of yellow, green and red.<ref name="BAM">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1935, a peacock was added in the centre of the tricolour.<ref name="DAH">Template:Cite book</ref> In 1938, the leftists from Dobama Asiayone replaced the peacock with a hammer and sickle.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Both of the tricolours were widely used by anti-colonialists during British rule. The peacock flag was also used by the Burma Independence Army and the State of Burma adopted it as the national flag from 1943 to 1945. In 1943, a stylized version of the peacock was introduced. This version was used by the Burma Defense Army (with the peacock in red) and as a variant of the national flag by the State of Burma (with the peacock in gold). There are two songs with the same name, "{{#invoke:Lang|lang}}" (meaning: "Tricolour Song"), composed by two different composers about the meaning behind the Tricolour symbolism and the hope of Burmese people.<ref name="DAH"/>

• National flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty).svg

  Flag of Third Burmese Empire (Konbaung Dynasty) (1826–1885)

• Flag of Imperial India.svg

  Burma as part of British India (1930–1935)

• Burmese Nationalist Flag.svg

  Dobama Asiayone (1930–1935)

• Flag of the State of Burma (1943–1945).svg

  Dobama Asiayone (1935–1938)

• Hammer and Sickle flag of Burma.svg

  Dobama Asiayone (1938–1939)

• Black Hammer and Sickle flag of Burma.svg

  Dobama Asiayone (Variant) (1938–1939)

• Flag of Burma (1939–1941, 1945–1948).svg

  Flag of British Burma (1939–1941)

• Flag of Burma (1941–1942).svg

  Flag of British Burma (1941–42)

• Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg

  Period of Japanese military administration (1942–1943)

• Flag of Burma 1943.svg

  Burma Independence Army (1942)

• Flag of Burma 1943.svg

  The State of Burma (1943–1945)

• Flag of the State of Burma (Stylized version).svg

  The State of Burma (stylized) (1943–1945)

• Burma Defence Army Flag.svg

  Burma Defence Army (1943)

• Flag of Burma (1939–1941, 1945–1948).svg

  Flag of British Burma (1945–1948)

In these tricolours, the color yellow symbolizes the Sasana (Buddhism) and education, green represents staple grains, crops, minerals and jewelry, red signifies bravery or courage, and the peacock represents the Konbaung.<ref name="DAH"/> The hammer and sickle represent workers and peasants, respectively.

The Resistance Flag

File:Flag of the AFPFL.svg

The Resistance Flag (1945)

In 1945, when the Burma National Army changed sides and fought together with local resistance forces against the Japanese. A new flag, with a red field charged with a white star in the upper hoist, was adopted as the "Resistance Flag."<ref name="BAM"/>

Influences

The tricolours and the resistance flag have been depicted as "national flags" together with the pre-colonial and post-independence national flags.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The resistance flag is alluded to and honoured by the 1948–1974 flag,<ref name="BAM"/> while all the tricolours are referred and honoured by the current flag.<ref name="UFL"/><ref name="MT11"/>

Proposals

1947 proposals

In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of the Union of Burma formed a preparatory committee for State flag, State seal and State anthem. That committee held a flag design contest, and the flag designed by Maung Win won the first prize.<ref name=NNS13>Template:Cite book</ref> There was a dispute at the committee's meeting in August 1947 whether or not the peacock should be added further to the proposed State flag; but after long discussions, the committee decided that the peacock should be rejected.<ref name=AFPFLN/>

• Flag of Burma (1948-1974).svg

  Flag designed by Maung Win, which won the first prize at the flag design contest (1947)

2006–2007 proposals

A new design for the national flag was proposed on 10 November 2006 during a constitutional convention. The new flag would have consisted of three equally sized green, yellow, and red horizontal stripes, with a white star in the hoist end of the green stripe.<ref name="globalflag">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In September 2007, another new design was proposed with a larger white star in the middle and with the stripes in a different order, namely: yellow, green, and red.<ref name="globalflag"/> The proposal was a version of Burmese Tricolour with the white star.

The flag proposed in September 2007 was included in the new constitution, and was accepted with the 2008 referendum.<ref name="Robert Birsel">Template:Cite news</ref>

• Flag of Myanmar (2006 proposal).svg

  2006 proposal

• Flag of Myanmar.svg

  2007 proposal

Former 2019 proposals

Two years before the 2021 coup, the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) proposed a series of constitutional amendments in July 2019, including one to change the national flag. Four political parties, the NLD, SNLD, ZCD and NUP proposed four new designs for the flag.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The NLD proposed changing the national flag as they do not believe that the flag adopted in 2010 has the full support of the people of Myanmar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Their proposed flag was based on the flag adopted by the country at independence and consisted of a red field with a blue canton in the upper hoist. Within the blue canton is a large white star representing the union which is surrounded by 14 smaller white stars representing the states and regions of the country. <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

• Flag of Myanmar (2019 proposal).svg

  The NLD's proposal

• Flag of Myanmar - Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD)'s proposal 2019.svg

  The SNLD's proposal

• Flag of Myanmar - Zomi Congress for Democracy (ZCD)'s proposal 2019.svg

  The ZCD's proposal

• Flag of Myanmar - The National Unity Party (NUP)'s proposal 2019.svg

  The NUP's proposal

Historical flags before 1948

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

• Golden Hintar flag of Burma.svg

  CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Flag of Konbaung Dynasty (Nonrectangular).svg

  Flag used as national flag of Burma under Konbaung Dynasty (Template:Circa–1885)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Page 6 Template:Webarchive, Part 2, Treatise about State Seals and State Flags Used Through Successive Periods In Myanmar.
  Presenter = Yi Yi Nyunt, Director, Nationalities Youth Resources Development Degree College Sagaing, Department of Education and Practising, Ministry of Border Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

• Flag of the United Kingdom.svg

  Flag of the United Kingdom used as the colonial flag of British Burma (1886 – 1942 ; 1945 – 4 January 1948<ref name="BP">Template:Cite AV media</ref>)

• British Burma 1937 flag.svg

  CitationClass=web }}</ref> 1945 – 3 January 1948)

• Flag of Burma (1941–1942).svg

  Provisional colonial flag of British Burma (30 March 1941 – 1942)<ref name="HHN2"/>

• Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg

  Provisional flag of Japanese Military Administration of Burma (1942–1943)

• Flag of Burma 1943.svg

  State flag of the State of Burma (1 August 1943<ref name="HHN2"/> – 1945)

• Flag of the State of Burma (Stylized version).svg

  Stylized variant design of the flag of the State of Burma (1943–1945)

Gallery

• Myanmar Presidential Palace.jpg

  Flag of Myanmar flown on the Presidential Palace, Naypyidaw

• Flag of Myanmar at Byint Naung Statue Garden Park.jpg

  Flag of Myanmar flown at Bayint Naung Statue Garden Park in Kawthaung.

• Flag of Myanmar and Tanintharyi Region at 1199 Mountain Peak.jpg

  The flag of Myanmar flown alongside the flag of Tanintharyi RegionTemplate:Clarification needed on 1199 Mountain Peak in Kawthaung.

• Barack Obama speaks at University of Yangon.jpg

  Barack Obama addressing the Burmese public during a speech at the University of Yangon on 19 November 2012. The vertical version of the Union Flag was depicted on the wall behind.

See also

• List of Burmese flags
• State Seal of Myanmar
• The similar flag of Lithuania and flag of Ethiopia

External links

• {{#if:|

Myanmar at Flags of the World| Myanmar at Flags of the World}}{{#if:

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• Timeline Flag of Myanmar