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Foreign relations of Ecuador

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Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates Template:Sidebar with collapsible listsThis article describes the diplomatic affairs, foreign policy and international relations of Ecuador Ecuador is a founding member of the UN and a member of many of its specialized agencies; it is also a member of the Organization of American States (OAS), as well as many regional groups, including the Rio Group, the Latin American Economic System, the Latin American Energy Organization, the Latin American Integration Association, and the Andean Pact.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ecuador's principal foreign-policy objectives have traditionally included defense of its territory from both external aggression and internal subversion as well as support for the objectives of the UN and the OAS. Although Ecuador's foreign relations were traditionally centered on the United States, Ecuador's membership in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the 1970s and 1980s allowed Ecuadorian leaders to exercise somewhat greater foreign policy autonomy. Ecuador's foreign policy goals under the Borja government in the late 1980s were more diversified than those of the Febres Cordero administration, which closely identified with the United States. For example, Ecuador was more active in its relations with the Third World, multilateral organizations, Western Europe, and socialist countries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ecuador has offered humanitarianian aid to many countries, is a supporter of the United Nations, and currently contributes troops to the UN mission in Haiti. Ecuador has also been an elective member of the UN Security Council.

In Antarctica, Ecuador has maintained a peaceful research station for scientific study in the British-claimed territory and is a member nation of the Antarctica Treaty.

Domestic politicsEdit

Template:Further The presidency of Rafael Correa in the early 21st century saw a radical change in the country's foreign policy. Traditional ties with the United States grew more acrimonious and there were increased ties with the governments of Russia and Iran.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The relations with the United States, however, improved significantly during the presidency of his successor Lenin Moreno since 2017.<ref name="latinousa.org">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ListEdit

List of countries which Ecuador maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Ecuador.svg
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Bilateral relationsEdit

Country Formal Relations Notes
Template:Flagicon Belgium
  • Belgium is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name=":1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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Template:Flag October 14, 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1999.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag April 26, 1835 See Chile–Ecuador relations.
  • Chile has an embassy in Quito.
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Santiago.
Template:Flagicon Czech Republic CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag February 1, 1980 See China–Ecuador relations

Formal relations started on 1980-01-02 and seven months later China set up its embassy in Ecuador. In July 1981, Ecuador set up its embassy in China. Sino-Ecuadorian relations have been advancing smoothly. The two sides maintain high-level political contacts and exchanges in trade, economic progress, science, technology, culture and education. In international affairs, the two countries understand and support each other.

In September 2012, the two nations signed a Commercial and Security Agreement to allow Ecuador to sell easily seafood, cocoa and bananas in China, with the Chinese agreeing to ease tariffs on further food items. In the same period China established an $80 million line of credit for Ecuador with the EximBank to help Ecuador build a road to the re-sited Quito airport.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag See Colombia–Ecuador relations

Template:See also Ecuador's President Rafael Correa withdrew his government's ambassador in Bogotá, Colombia, and ordered troops to the country's border following a Colombian raid against leftist rebels inside Ecuador March 2, 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Colombian director of national police claimed three captured computers from the deceased FARC rebel leader Raúl Reyes document "tremendously revealing" and "very grave" links between Ecuador and Colombian rebels.March 2, 2008.<ref name="CNN">Template:Cite news</ref> However, Colombia's actions were condemned across the board by all South American nations, with only the US supporting Colombia. For example, Brazil's foreign minister, Celso Amorim, condemned the Colombian incursion into Ecuador.<ref name="CNN" /> Furthermore, he suggested that Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez recently gave the leftist Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia $300 million.<ref name="CNN" /> Ecuador's president Rafael Correa said March 3, 2008, that a deal to release political prisoners—including former Colombian Sen. Ingrid Betancourt—was nearly complete before the March 1, 2008, Colombian raid into his country.<ref name="CNN" /> Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez on March 5, 2008, called the announced movement of Colombian forces in Ecuador a "war crime," and joined Ecuador's president Rafael Correa in demanding international condemnation of the cross-border attack.[1] The presidents of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador March 7, 2008, signed a declaration to end a crisis sparked when Colombian troops killed a rebel leader and 21 others inside Ecuadoran territory (2008 Andean diplomatic crisis).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In January 2021, Ecuadorian President Lenin Moreno and Colombian President Ivan Duque made a joint statement on the good relations of the two countries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}Template:Dead link</ref>

Template:Flagicon Finland
  • Finland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name=":1" />
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Helsinki.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Template:Flag
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Paris.
  • France has an embassy in Quito.
Template:GER See Ecuador–Germany relations
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Berlin and a consulate in Hamburg.
  • Germany has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flagicon Greece
  • Greece is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name=":1" />
  • Ecuador holds a consulate in Athens.<ref name=":1" />
Template:Flag July 2, 1974
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on July 2, 1974.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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Template:Flag See Ecuador–India relations

On November 16, 2008, the Foreign Minister of Ecuador Maria Isabel Salvador met her counterpart, Pranab Mukherjee, with a close relationship in oil and defence between these geographically distant countries high on the agenda. On the oil front, the new government in Ecuador has reversed the earlier revenue-sharing arrangements with western oil companies and is now keen on striking new partnerships with state-owned ONGC Videsh of India. In the defence sector, Ecuador became the first country to sign a contract for purchasing the Indian-made Dhruv helicopters, of which one will be for use by its president. The embassy has expanded its setup with the appointment of a Military Attache and prospects appear bright for more defence exports as Ecuador has agreed to be the servicing hub in South America for Indian defence equipment.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag 1973 See Ecuador–Iran relations

Ecuador has maintained trade relations with Iran. In December 2008, Iran's Supreme National Security Council Secretary Saeed Jalili visited Ecuador. Alongside president Rafael Correa he called for greater "South–South" co-operation, a term denoting greater exchange of resources, technology, and knowledge between the global South.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Iranian president Ahmadinejad also attended the inauguration of President Correa in January 2007.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Rome and a consulates-general in Genoa and Milan.
  • Italy has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flag August 26, 1918 See Ecuador–Japan relations
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flag See Ecuador–Malaysia relations

Relations with Malaysia covers on political, commercial, cultural and social activities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries are the members of Non-Aligned Movement.<ref name="nst.com.my">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Ecuador trade value with Malaysia are worth about US$15 million.<ref name="nst.com.my" /><ref>New Straits Times Ecuador's petite envoy holds sway Template:Webarchive September 19, 2012 "Clearly, relations between Ecuador and Malaysia are on an upward trend, which may possibly see a change in the trade balance which is"</ref>

Template:Flag 1837

Severed Diplomatic in 5 April 2024

See Ecuador–Mexico relations

In April 2024, Mexico severed diplomatic relations with Ecuador due to the raid on the Mexican embassy in Ecuador.<ref>‘Outrage against international law’: Mexico breaks diplomatic ties with Ecuador over embassy raid</ref>

Template:Flagicon Netherlands
Template:Flag 2010

Ecuador recognized the State of Palestine in 2010.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Template:Flag
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Asuncion.
  • Paraguay has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flag See Ecuador–Peru relations

The Paquisha War was a brief military clash that took place between January and February 1981 between Ecuador and Peru over the control of three watchposts. Since the 1990s, Ecuadoran foreign policy has been focused on the country's border dispute with Peru, an issue that has festered since independence. The boundary dispute led to the Cenepa War between Ecuador and Peru in early 1995; after a peace agreement brokered by the four Guarantors of the Rio Protocol (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and the United States), the Military Observers Mission to Ecuador-Peru (MOMEP) was set up to monitor the zone. In 1998, Presidents Jamil Mahuad of Ecuador and Alberto Fujimori of Peru signed a comprehensive settlement over control of the disputed zone.

Template:Flag
  • Ecuador is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
  • Poland is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name=":1" />
Template:Flagicon Romania
  • Romania is accredited to Ecuador from Lima, Peru, and has consulates in Quito and Guayaquil.<ref name=":1" />
Template:Flag See Ecuador–Russia relations
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Moscow.
  • Russia has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flagicon Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1983

Suspended Diplomatic in 23 October 2024

Template:See
  • Ecuador has a non-resident embassy in New York.
  • The SADR has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flagicon South Africa
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Pretoria.<ref name=":1" />
  • South Africa is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru.<ref name=":1" />
Template:Flag 1840 See Ecuador–Spain relations CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Spain has an embassy in Quito and a consulate-general in Guayaquil.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Stockholm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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  • Sweden has a consulate in Quito.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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Template:Flagicon Thailand
  • Thailand is accredited to Ecuador from its embassy in Lima, Peru, and holds a consulate general in Quito.<ref name=":1" />
  • Ecuador has an consulate in Bangkok.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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Template:Flag citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> ||See Ecuador–Turkey relations

  • Ecuador has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$117 million in 2019 (Ecuadorian exports/imports: 58/59 million USD.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr" />
Template:Flagicon United Arab Emirates CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flag See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Ecuador established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 29 January 1853.<ref name="britain"/>Template:Failed verification

  • Ecuador maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

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  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ecuador through its embassy in Quito.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Relations between the United Kingdom and Ecuador were traditionally regarded as "low-key but cordial", especially before the election of Rafael Correa; the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall visited the country in 2009, as part of a tour celebrating the bicentenary of Charles Darwin. President Correa visited London in the same year, speaking mostly in English at the London School of Economics about the changes his government was making.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2012, relations became strained when Julian Assange, founder of the WikiLeaks website, entered the Ecuadorian embassy in London and sought asylum. Assange had lost legal appeals against his extradition to Sweden where he was wanted for questioning about alleged sexual assault and rape, but while within the embassy he was on diplomatic territory and beyond the reach of the British police.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office delivered a note to the Ecuadorian government in Quito reminding them of the provisions of the Diplomatic and Consular Premises Act 1987 which allow the British government to withdraw recognition of diplomatic protection from embassies; the move was interpreted as a hostile act by Ecuador, with Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño stating that this "explicit threat" would be met with "appropriate responses in accordance with international law".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Assange was granted diplomatic asylum on August 16, 2012, with Foreign Minister Patiño stating that Assange's fears of political persecution were "legitimate".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Finally, President Lenín Moreno revoked Assange's asylum in April 2019. In reaction, the British Foreign Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, thanked Moreno for his cooperation to "ensure Assange faces justice".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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Template:Flag See Ecuador–United States relations

The United States and Ecuador used to maintain close ties based on mutual interests in maintaining democratic institutions; combating cannabis and cocaine; building trade, investment, and financial ties; cooperating in fostering Ecuador's economic development; and participating in inter-American organizations. Ties were further strengthened by the presence of an estimated 150,000–200,000 Ecuadorians living in the United States and by 24,000 U.S. citizens visiting Ecuador annually, and by approximately 15,000 U.S. citizens residing in Ecuador. The United States assisted Ecuador's economic development directly through the Agency for International Development (USAID) program in Ecuador and through multilateral organizations such as the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank. In addition, the U.S. Peace Corps operates a sizable program in Ecuador. More than 100 U.S. companies are doing business in Ecuador. The relations deteriorated greatly during the presidency of Rafael Correa since 2007 until 2017. The relations, however, improved significantly during the presidency of Lenin Moreno since 2017. In February 2020, his visit to Washington was the first meeting between an Ecuadorian and U.S. president in 17 years.<ref name="latinousa.org" />

  • Ecuador has an embassy in Washington, D.C., and several consulates throughout the country.
  • United States has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
Template:Flag See Ecuador–Uruguay relations
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Quito.
Template:Flag See Ecuador–Venezuela relations

Diplomatic ties trace back to the Spanish colonization of the Americas. With the independence both countries united under the Gran Colombia along with New Granada (then Colombia and Panama).

After the dissolution of the Gran Colombia, Ecuador named Don Pedro Gual as plenipotentiary minister with the main task of resolving the debt acquired while part of the Gran Colombia union as well as to establish diplomatic relations with the New Granada and Venezuela. On August 4, 1852, Venezuela sent a diplomatic delegation in Quito and named José Julián Ponce as finance administrator.

The relations remained cordial and entered into a second period between 1910 and 1963 with two diplomatic incidents occurring in 1928 and 1955. Ecuador and Venezuela strengthened ties in politics, diplomacy and military.

During the presidency of Lenin Moreno since 2017, Ecuador broke diplomatic relations with Venezuela. Ecuador did not any more recognize the regime of Nicholas Maduro. Instead, Ecuador recognized and supported opposition leader Juan Guaidó as Interim President of Venezuela.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

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See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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Template:Foreign relations of Ecuador Template:Foreign relations in South America

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