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Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

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Template:Short description Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{#invoke: Sidebar | collapsible |name = Politics of the United Kingdom |bodyclass = vcard hlist |pretitle= This article is part of a series on |title = Politics of the United Kingdom |image = File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2024, lesser arms).svg |listtitlestyle = text-align:left; background:lavender; | heading1 = | expanded = | wraplinks = true | style = width:20em; | liststyle = text-align:centre | list1name = | list1title = Constitution | list1 =

| list2name = crown | list2title = The Crown | list2 = File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg

King Charles III

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William, Prince of Wales

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Charles III
(King-in-Council)

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Starmer ministry (L)

Keir Starmer (L)

Angela Rayner (L)

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(King-in-Parliament)
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Charles III

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(King-on-the-Bench)

The Lord Reed

The Lord Hodge

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Andrew Bailey

Monetary Policy Committee

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UK general elections

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Endorsements

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European Parliament elections (1979–2019)

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Scottish Parliament elections

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Northern Ireland Assembly elections

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Senedd elections

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UK referendums

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England

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Northern Ireland

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Scotland

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Wales

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England

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Northern Ireland

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Scotland

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Wales

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The diplomatic foreign relations of the United Kingdom are conducted by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, headed by the foreign secretary. The prime minister and numerous other agencies play a role in setting policy, and many institutions and businesses have a voice and a role.

The United Kingdom was the world's foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries, most notably during the so-called "Pax Britannica"Template:Mdasha period of unrivaled supremacy and unprecedented international peace during the mid-to-late 1800s. The country continued to be widely considered a superpower until the Suez crisis of 1956 and the dismantling of the British Empire left the UK's dominant role in global affairs to be gradually diminished. Nevertheless, the United Kingdom remains a great power and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member of AUKUS, the Commonwealth, Council of Europe, G7, G20, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the WTO. The UK was also a founding member state of the European Union (and a member of its predecessors) since 1973. However, due to the outcome of a 2016 membership referendum, proceedings to withdraw from the EU began in 2017 and concluded when the UK formally left the EU on 31 January 2020, and the transition period on 31 December 2020 with an EU trade agreement. Since the vote and the conclusion of trade talks with the EU, policymakers have begun pursuing new trade agreements with other global partners.

HistoryEdit

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File:Battle of Nivelle - November 10th 1813 - Fonds Ancely - B315556101 A HEATH 029.jpg
The Battle of Nivelle - a Peninsular War battle between the French and the British armies in France in 1813

Following the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain (which united England and Scotland) in 1707, British foreign relations largely continued those of the Kingdom of England. British foreign policy initially focused on achieving a balance of power within Europe, with no one country achieving dominance over the affairs of the continent. This policy remained a major justification for Britain's wars against Napoleon, and for British involvement in the First and Second World Wars. Secondly Britain continued the expansion of its colonial "First British Empire" by migration and investment.

France was the chief enemy until the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. It had a much larger population and a more powerful army, but a weaker navy. The British were generally successful in their many wars. The notable exception, the American War of Independence (1775–1783), saw Britain, without any major allies, defeated by the American colonials who had the support of France, the Netherlands and (indirectly) Spain. A favoured British diplomatic strategy involved subsidising the armies of continental allies (such as Prussia), thereby turning London's enormous financial power to military advantage. Britain relied heavily on its Royal Navy for security, seeking to keep it the most powerful fleet afloat, eventually with a full complement of bases across the globe. British dominance of the seas was vital to the formation and maintaining of the British Empire, which was achieved through the support of a navy larger than the next two largest navies combined, prior to 1920. The British generally stood alone until the early 20th century, when it became friendly with the U.S. and made alliances with Japan, France and Russia and Germany former antagonist now ally.

1814–1914Edit

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File:Arthur Mees Flags of A Free Empire 1910 Cornell CUL PJM 1167 01.jpg
Map of the British Empire (as of 1910). At its height, it was the largest empire in history.

The 100 years were generally peaceful—a sort of Pax Britannica enforced by the Royal Navy. There were two important wars, both limited in scope. The Crimean War (1853–1856) saw the defeat of Russia and its threat to the Ottoman Empire. The Second Boer War (1899–1902) saw the defeat of the two Boer republics in South Africa and Boxer Rebellion happen the same year. London became the world's financial centre, and commercial enterprise expanded across the globe. The "Second British Empire" was built with a base in Asia (especially India) and Africa.

First World WarEdit

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1920sEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} After 1918 Britain was a "troubled giant" that was less of a dominant diplomatic force in the 1920s than before. It often had to give way to the United States, which frequently exercised its financial superiority.<ref>F.S. Northedge, The troubled giant: Britain among the great powers, 1916-1939 (1966).</ref> The main themes of British foreign policy included a leading role at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919–1920, where Lloyd George worked hard to moderate French demands for revenge on Germany.<ref>Erik Goldstein, Winning the peace: British diplomatic strategy, peace planning, and the Paris Peace Conference, 1916-1920 (1991).</ref> He was partly successful, but Britain soon had to moderate French policy toward Germany further, as in the Locarno Treaties of 1925.<ref>Frank Magee, "‘Limited Liability’? Britain and the Treaty of Locarno." Twentieth Century British History 6.1 (1995): 1-22.</ref><ref>Andrew Barros, "Disarmament as a weapon: Anglo-French relations and the problems of enforcing German disarmament, 1919–28." Journal of Strategic Studies 29#2 (2006): 301-321.</ref> Furthermore, Britain obtained "mandates" that allowed it and its dominions to govern most of the former German and Ottoman colonies.<ref>Wm Roger Louis, "The United Kingdom and the beginning of the mandates system, 1919–1922." International Organization 23.1 (1969): 73-96.</ref>

Britain became an active member of the new League of Nations, but its list of major achievements was slight.<ref>Peter J. Yearwood, Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914-1925 (2009).</ref><ref>Susan Pedersen, "Back to the League of Nations." American Historical Review 112.4 (2007): 1091-1117. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

Disarmament was high on the agenda, and Britain played a major role following the United States in the Washington Naval Conference of 1921 in working toward naval disarmament of the major powers. By 1933 disarmament agreements had collapsed and the issue became rearming for a war against Germany.<ref>Raymond G. O'Connor, "The 'Yardstick' and Naval Disarmament in the 1920s." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 45.3 (1958): 441-463. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

Britain was partially successful in negotiating better terms with United States regarding the large war loans which Britain was obliged to repay.<ref>Frank C. Costigliola, "Anglo-American financial rivalry in the 1920s." Journal of Economic History 37.4 (1977): 911-934.</ref> Britain supported the international solution to German reparations through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. After the Dawes Plan had helped stabilize Germany's currency and lowered its annual payments, Germany was able to pay its annual reparations using money borrowed from New York banks, and Britain used the money received to pay Washington.<ref>Patrick O. Cohrs, The unfinished peace after World War I: America, Britain and the stabilization of Europe, 1919-1932 (Cambridge, 2006).</ref> The Great Depression starting in 1929 put enormous pressure on the British economy. Britain revived Imperial Preference, which meant low tariffs within the British Empire and higher barriers to trade with outside countries. The flow of money from New York dried up, and the system of reparations and payment of debt died in 1931.

In domestic British politics, the emerging Labour Party had a distinctive and suspicious foreign policy based on pacifism. Its leaders believed that peace was impossible because of capitalism, secret diplomacy, and the trade in armaments. Labour stressed material factors that ignored the psychological memories of the Great War and the highly emotional tensions regarding nationalism and the boundaries of countries. Nevertheless, party leader Ramsay MacDonald devoted much of his attention to European policies.<ref>Henry R. Winkler. "The Emergence of a Labor Foreign Policy in Great Britain, 1918-1929." Journal of Modern History 28.3 (1956): 247-258. in JSTOR Template:Webarchive</ref>

1930sEdit

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File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R69173, Münchener Abkommen, Staatschefs.jpg
Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler, and Mussolini pictured before signing the 1938 Munich Agreement, which gave the Sudetenland to Nazi Germany.

Vivid memories of the horrors and deaths of the First World War inclined many Britons—and their leaders in all parties—to pacifism in the interwar era. This led directly to the appeasement of dictators (notably of Mussolini and of Hitler) in order to avoid their threats of war.<ref>Patrick Finney, "The romance of decline: The historiography of appeasement and British national identity." Electronic Journal of International History 1 (2000). online Template:Webarchive</ref>

The challenge came from those dictators, first from Benito Mussolini, Duce of Italy, then from Adolf Hitler, Führer of a much more powerful Nazi Germany. The League of Nations proved disappointing to its supporters; it failed to resolve any of the threats posed by the dictators. British policy involved "appeasing" them in the hopes they would be satiated. By 1938 it was clear that war was looming, and that Germany had the world's most powerful military. The final act of appeasement came when Britain and France sacrificed Czechoslovakia to Hitler's demands at the Munich Agreement of September 1938.<ref>David Faber, Munich, 1938: Appeasement and World War II (2010)</ref> Instead of satiation, Hitler menaced Poland, and at last Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain dropped appeasement and stood firm in promising to defend Poland (31 March 1939). Hitler however cut a deal with Joseph Stalin to divide Eastern Europe (23 August 1939); when Germany did invade Poland in September 1939, Britain and France declared war, and the British Commonwealth followed London's lead.<ref>Donald Cameron Watt, How War Came: Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938–39 (1990)</ref>

Second World WarEdit

Template:Further Having signed the Anglo-Polish military alliance in August 1939, Britain and France declared war against Germany in September 1939 in response to Germany's invasion of Poland. This declaration included the Crown colonies and India, which Britain directly controlled. The dominions were independent in foreign policy, though all quickly entered the war against Germany. After the French defeat in June 1940, Britain and its empire stood alone in combat against Germany, until June 1941. The United States gave diplomatic, financial and material support, starting in 1940, especially through Lend Lease, which began in 1941 and attain full strength during 1943. In August 1941, Churchill and Roosevelt met and agreed on the Atlantic Charter, which proclaimed "the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live" should be respected. This wording was ambiguous and would be interpreted differently by the British, Americans, and nationalist movements.<ref>Keith Sainsbury, Churchill and Roosevelt at War: the war they fought and the peace they hoped to make (New York University Press, 1994).</ref>

Starting in December 1941, Japan overran British possessions in Asia, including Hong Kong, Malaya, and especially the key base at Singapore. Japan then marched into Burma, headed toward India. Churchill's reaction to the entry of the United States into the war was that Britain was now assured of victory and the future of the empire was safe, but the rapid defeats irreversibly harmed Britain's standing and prestige as an imperial power. The realisation that Britain could not defend them pushed Australia and New Zealand into permanent close ties with the United States.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

PostwarEdit

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File:United Kingdom overseas military installations and operations.png
Overseas military bases in 2016 (blue) and military interventions since 2000 (red).

Economically in dire straits in 1945 (saddled with debt and dealing with widespread destruction of its infrastructure), Britain systematically reduced its overseas commitments. It pursued an alternate role as an active participant in the Cold War against communism, especially as a founding member of NATO in 1949.<ref>F.S. Northedge, Descent From Power British Foreign Policy 1945-1973 (1974) onlineTemplate:Dead link</ref>

The British had built up a very large worldwide Empire, which peaked in size in 1922, after more than half a century of unchallenged global supremacy. The cumulative costs of fighting two world wars, however, placed a heavy burden upon the home economy, and after 1945 the British Empire rapidly began to disintegrate, with all the major colonies gaining independence. By the mid-to-late 1950s, the UK's status as a superpower was gone in the face of the United States and the Soviet Union. Most former colonies joined the "Commonwealth of Nations", an organisation of fully independent nations now with equal status to the UK. However it attempted no major collective policies.<ref>Lawrence James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (2001)</ref><ref>Stephen Wall, A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair (2008)</ref> The last major colony, Hong Kong, was handed over to China in 1997.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Fourteen British Overseas Territories maintain a constitutional link to the UK, but are not part of the country per se.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Britain slashed its involvements in the Middle East after the humiliating Suez Crisis of 1956. However Britain did forge close military ties with the United States, France, and Germany, through the NATO military alliance. After years of debate (and rebuffs), Britain joined the Common Market in 1973; which became the European Union in 1993.<ref>Andrew Marr, A History of Modern Britain (2009)</ref> However it did not merge financially, and kept the pound separate from the Euro, which partly isolated it from the EU financial crisis of 2011.<ref>Stephen Wall, A Stranger in Europe: Britain and the EU from Thatcher to Blair (Oxford University Press, 2008)</ref> In June 2016, the UK voted to leave the EU.<ref>Andrew Gamble, "Better Off Out? Britain and Europe." The Political Quarterly (2012) 83#3: 468-477.</ref><ref>Nathaniel Copsey and Tim Haughton, "Farewell Britannia? 'Issue Capture' and the Politics of David Cameron's 2013 EU Referendum Pledge." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies (2014) 52-S1: 74-89.</ref>

21st centuryEdit

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File:President Joe Biden sits down with Prime Minister Keir Starmer for a bilateral engagement in the Oval Office.jpg
UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer with US President Joe Biden at the White House, July 2024

Foreign policy initiatives of UK governments since the 1990s have included military intervention in conflicts and for peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance programmes and increased aid spending, support for establishment of the International Criminal Court, debt relief for developing countries, prioritisation of initiatives to address climate change, and promotion of free trade.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The British approach has been described as "spread the right norms and sustain NATO".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Lunn et al. (2008) argue:<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Three key motifs of Tony Blair's 10-year premiership were an activist philosophy of 'interventionism', maintaining a strong alliance with the US and a commitment to placing Britain at the heart of Europe. While the 'special relationship' and the question of Britain's role in Europe have been central to British foreign policy since the Second World War...interventionism was a genuinely new element.

The GREAT campaign of 2012 was one of the most ambitious national promotion efforts ever undertaken by any major nation. It was scheduled take maximum advantage of the worldwide attention to the Summer Olympics in London. The goals were to make British more culture visible in order to stimulate trade, investment and tourism. The government partnered with key leaders in culture, business, diplomacy and education. The campaign unified many themes and targets, including business meetings; scholarly conventions; recreational vehicle dealers; parks and campgrounds; convention and visitors bureaus; hotels; bed and breakfast inns; casinos; and hotels.<ref>James Pamment, "'Putting the GREAT Back into Britain': National Identity, Public-Private Collaboration & Transfers of Brand Equity in 2012's Global Promotional Campaign," British Journal of Politics & International Relations (2015) 17#2 pp 260-283.</ref><ref>Pawel Surowiec, and Philip Long, “Hybridity and Soft Power Statecraft: The ‘GREAT’ Campaign.” Diplomacy & Statecraft 31:1 (2020): 1-28. online review Template:Webarchive https://doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2020.1721092 Template:Webarchive</ref>

In 2013, the government of David Cameron described its approach to foreign policy by saying:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

For any given foreign policy issue, the UK potentially has a range of options for delivering impact in our national interest. ... [W]e have a complex network of alliances and partnerships through which we can work.... These include – besides the EU – the UN and groupings within it, such as the five permanent members of the Security Council (the “P5”); NATO; the Commonwealth; the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; the G8 and G20 groups of leading industrialised nations; and so on.

The UK began establishing air and naval facilities in the Persian Gulf, located in the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Oman in 2014–15.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 highlighted a range of foreign policy initiatives of the UK government.<ref name="SDSR2015">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Edward Longinotti notes how current British defence policy is grappling with how to accommodate two major commitments, to Europe and to an ‘east of Suez’ global military strategy, within a modest defence budget that can only fund one. He points out that Britain's December 2014 agreement to open a permanent naval base in Bahrain underlines its gradual re-commitment east of Suez.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> By some measures, Britain remains the second most powerful country in the world by virtue of its soft power and "logistical capability to deploy, support and sustain [military] forces overseas in large numbers."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Although commentators have questioned the need for global power projection,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the concept of “Global Britain” put forward by the Conservative government in 2019 signalled more military activity in the Middle East and Pacific, outside of NATO's traditional sphere of influence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

At the end of January 2020, the United Kingdom left the European Union, with a subsequent trade agreement with the EU in effect from 1 January 2021, setting out the terms of the UK-EU economic relationship and what abilities the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office can use in foreign relations related to trade.

Diplomatic relationsEdit

British diplomatic relations date back to the 13th century.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The United Kingdom has established diplomatic relations with all United Nations members, aside from Bhutan, in addition to 2 Non-UN member states: Holy See, and Kosovo. Moreover, the UK established official relations with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta on 9 October 2024.<ref name="sovereignorder">Template:Cite news</ref> The following table lists the date from which diplomatic relations were established with foreign countries:

File:Diplomatic relations of the United Kingdom.svg
List of diplomatic relations of the United Kingdom
Country Date Ref.
{{#invoke:flag Portugal}} main|9 May 1386}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag France}} main|1396}} <ref name="france">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Denmark}} main|25 October 1401}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Spain}} main|1505}} <ref name="spain">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Russia}} main|24 August 1553}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Netherlands}} main|1 April 1603}} <ref name="DR">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Sweden}} main|23 December 1653}} <ref name="DR" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag United States}} main|1 June 1785}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iran}} main|5 June 1807}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Nepal}} main|4 March 1816}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="sugauli">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Chile}} main|14 September 1823}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Peru}} main|10 October 1823}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Argentina}} main|2 February 1825}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Colombia}} main|18 April 1825}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Brazil}} main|31 January 1826}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Mexico}} main|26 December 1826}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Greece}} main|21 November 1828}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belgium}} main|1 December 1830}} <ref name="belgium">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Uruguay}} main|21 February 1833}} <ref name="uruguay">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Venezuela}} main|29 October 1834}} Template:Citation needed
{{#invoke:flag Guatemala}} main|12 July 1837}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bolivia}} main|29 September 1840}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Ethiopia}} main|1841}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

{{#invoke:flag Costa Rica}} main|28 February 1848}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Honduras}} main|16 June 1849}} <ref name="honduras">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Liberia}} main|1 August 1849}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Dominican Republic}} Template:Date table sorting <ref name="dominicanrepublic">Template:Cite journal</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ecuador}} main|29 January 1853}} <ref name="ecuador">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Paraguay}} main|4 March 1853}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Thailand}} main|18 April 1855}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Japan}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nicaragua}} main|18 January 1859}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Italy}} main|13 April 1859}} <ref name="italy">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Haiti}} main|13 May 1859}} <ref name="haiti">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Serbia}} main|7 February 1870}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bulgaria}} main|23 July 1879}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Luxembourg}} main|27 November 1879}} <ref name="YB">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Romania}} main|20 February 1880}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag El Salvador}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

{{#invoke:flag Switzerland}} main|1891}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

{{#invoke:flag Cuba}} main|20 May 1902}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Norway}} main|6 November 1905}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Panama}} main|1908|4|9|format=dmy}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Australia}} main|22 January 1910}} <ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Egypt}} main|19 December 1914}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Finland}} main|28 March 1918}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Czech Republic}} main|26 October 1918}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Poland}} main|15 July 1919}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Austria}} main|8 November 1919}} <ref name="austria">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Hungary}} main|22 May 1921}} <ref name="hungary">Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Albania}} main|9 November 1921}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag 2013}} main|22 November 1921}} <ref name="afghanistan">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Ireland}} main|6 December 1922}} <ref name="ireland">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Turkey}} main|2 September 1924}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Canada}} main|1 July 1926}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Saudi Arabia}} Template:Dts citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag South Africa}} main|10 March 1931}} <ref name="southafrica">Template:London Gazette</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Iraq}} main|4 October 1932}} <ref name="iraq">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag New Zealand}} main|March 1939}} <ref name="OY">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Iceland}} main|8 May 1940}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lebanon}} main|9 February 1942}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagicon image Syria main|9 February 1942}} <ref name="LG" />
{{#invoke:flag Jordan}} main|17 June 1946}} <ref name="SL">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Philippines}} main|4 July 1946}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sri Lanka}} main|22 October 1946}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Myanmar}} main|7 July 1947}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag India}} main|14 August 1947}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Pakistan}} main|14 August 1947}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag South Korea}} main|18 January 1949}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Indonesia}} main|19 December 1949}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Israel}} main|28 April 1950}} <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Germany}} main|20 June 1951}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Yemen}} main|24 October 1951}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Libya}} main|24 December 1951}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Cambodia}} main|5 May 1952}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag China}} main|17 June 1954}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Laos}} main|5 September 1955}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sudan}} main|3 March 1956}} <ref name="sudan">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Tunisia}} main|19 June 1956}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Morocco}} main|28 June 1956}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Ghana}} main|6 March 1957}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Malaysia}} main|31 August 1957}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guinea}} main|28 May 1959}} <ref name="guinea">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Cameroon}} main|1 February 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Togo}} main|27 April 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Madagascar}} main|27 June 1960}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Democratic Republic of the Congo}} main|7 July 1960}} <ref name="drcongo">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Somalia}} main|7 July 1960}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cyprus}} main|16 August 1960}} <ref name="SL" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Senegal}} main|20 August 1960}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Nigeria}} main|1 October 1960}} <ref name="nigeria">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Benin}} main|6 October 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Burkina Faso}} main|6 October 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Niger}} main|6 October 1960}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Ivory Coast}} main|12 October 1960}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mauritania}} main|28 November 1960}} <ref name="mauritania">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Chad}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Central African Republic}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Republic of the Congo}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Gabon}} main|9 December 1960}} <ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Mali}} main|22 March 1961}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Sierra Leone}} main|April 1961}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Kuwait}} Template:Dts citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Burundi}} main|1 July 1962}} <ref name="burundi">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Rwanda}} main|1 July 1962}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Jamaica}} main|2 August 1962}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Trinidad and Tobago}} main|31 August 1962}} <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Uganda}} main|9 October 1962}} <ref name="uganda">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Algeria}} main|16 November 1962}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Mongolia}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kenya}} main|12 December 1963}} <ref name="kenya">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Tanzania}} main|22 April 1964}} <ref name="tanzania">Template:Cite x</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Malawi}} main|6 July 1964}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Malta}} Template:Dts citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Zambia}} main|17 October 1964}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Gambia}} main|1 January 1965}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Maldives}} main|26 July 1965}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Singapore}} main|9 August 1965}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guyana}} main|26 May 1966}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Botswana}} main|30 September 1966}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Barbados}} main|30 November 1966}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lesotho}} main|4 October 1966}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Mauritius}} main|12 March 1968}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Eswatini}} main|6 September 1968}} <ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Equatorial Guinea}} main|20 June 1969}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Tonga}} main|4 June 1970}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Samoa}} main|September 1970|format=dmy}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Fiji}} main|10 October 1970}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Oman}} main|21 May 1971}} <ref name="oman">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Bahrain}} main|21 August 1971}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag United Arab Emirates}} main|6 December 1971}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Bangladesh}} main|4 February 1972}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Qatar}} main|24 May 1972}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

{{#invoke:flag Bahamas}} main|10 July 1973}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Vietnam}} main|11 September 1973}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Grenada}} main|7 February 1974}} <ref name="DS">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Guinea-Bissau}} main|12 March 1975}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Mozambique}} Template:DTS citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Papua New Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Suriname}} main|31 March 1976|format=dmy}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Seychelles}} main|29 June 1976}} <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Cape Verde}} main|17 May 1977}} <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Comoros}} Template:Date table sorting <ref>Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Angola}} main|14 October 1977}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nauru}} main|1 December 1977}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Djibouti}} main|25 January 1978}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Solomon Islands}} main|7 July 1978}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Tuvalu}} main|1 October 1978}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Dominica}} main|13 December 1978}} <ref name="dominica">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Saint Lucia}} main|22 February 1979}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Kiribati}} main|12 July 1979}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag São Tomé and Príncipe}} main|3 December 1979}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Zimbabwe}} main|18 April 1980}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Vanuatu}} main|30 July 1980}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belize}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Antigua and Barbuda}} main|1 November 1981}} <ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Holy See}} main|16 January 1982}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Saint Kitts and Nevis}} main|19 September 1983}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Brunei}} Template:Date table sorting <ref name="brunei">Template:Cite news</ref>
{{#invoke:flag Namibia}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lithuania}} main|4 September 1991}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Estonia}} main|5 September 1991}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Latvia}} main|5 September 1991}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ukraine}} main|10 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Slovenia}} main|15 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Tajikistan}} main|15 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Moldova}} main|17 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kazakhstan}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Armenia}} main|20 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Turkmenistan}} main|23 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belarus}} main|27 January 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Marshall Islands}} main|2 February 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Liechtenstein}} main|6 February 1992}} <ref>Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag Uzbekistan}} main|18 February 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Azerbaijan}} main|11 March 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Georgia}} main|27 April 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kyrgyzstan}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Croatia}} main|24 June 1992}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Federated States of Micronesia}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Slovakia}} main|1 January 1993}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Eritrea}} main|16 November 1993}} <ref name="eritrea">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification
{{#invoke:flag North Macedonia}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Andorra}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Palau}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag San Marino}} main|18 November 1998}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag North Korea}} Template:Date table sorting citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag East Timor}} main|2002}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

{{#invoke:flag Montenegro}} main|2006|6|13|format=dmy}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Monaco}} main|21 September 2007}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kosovo}} Template:Date table sorting <ref name="Visoka2">Template:Cite book</ref>
{{#invoke:flag South Sudan}} main|9 July 2011}} citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Failed verification

Bilateral relationsEdit

AfricaEdit

Countrys Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Algeria}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Algeria
File:David Cameron is met by PM Sellal of Algeria (8431378795).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Algerian Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal in Algeria, January 2013.
{{#invoke:flag Angola}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Angola

The UK established diplomatic relations with Angola on 14 October 1977.<ref name="angola" />

  • Angola maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Angola through its embassy in Luanda.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a High Level Prosperity Partnership.<ref name="prosperity">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Benin}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Benin

The UK established diplomatic relations with Benin on 6 October 1960, then known as Dahomey.<ref name="GM" />

  • Benin does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Benin through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Botswana}} Template:Date table sorting See Botswana–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary visits Botswana (6886371565).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague in Botswana, February 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Botswana on 30 September 1966.<ref name="SL"/>Template:Failed verification

  • Botswana maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Botswana through its high commission in Gaborone.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Botswana from 1885 to 1966, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum">Template:Cite news</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Burkina Faso}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Burkina Faso
File:Deputy Prime Minister with President Compaoré (5363954439).jpg
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg with Burkinabè President Blaise Compaoré in London, January 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Burkina Faso on 6 October 1960, then known as Upper Volta.<ref name="GM" />

  • Burkina Faso does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Burkina Faso through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Burundi}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Burundi

The UK established diplomatic relations with Burundi on 1 July 1962.<ref name="burundi" />Template:Failed verification

  • Burundi maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Burundi through its embassy office in Bujumbura.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cameroon}} Template:Date table sorting See Cameroon–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cameroon on 1 February 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Cameroon maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Cameroon through its high commission in Yaoundé.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed western Cameroon from 1916 to 1961, when it joined the Federal Republic of Cameroon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Central African Republic}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Central African Republic

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Central African Republic on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />

  • The Central African Republic does not maintain an embassy in the UK.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Central African Republic through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Kinshasa, DR Congo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="kinshasa" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Chad}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Chad
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets Sudanese refugees in Chad in the border town of Adre on 24 January 2025 - 3.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy in Chad, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Chad on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

  • Chad does not maintain an embassy in the UK.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Chad through its embassy in N'Djamena.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Democratic Republic of the Congo}} Template:Date table sorting See Democratic Republic of the Congo–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 7 July 1960.<ref name="drcongo" />Template:Failed verification

  • The Democratic Republic of the Congo maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Democratic Republic of the Congo through its embassy in Kinshasa.<ref name="kinshasa">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Djibouti}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Djibouti
File:William Hague and Mahamoud Ali Youssouf.jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Foreign Minister Mahamoud Ali Youssouf in London, May, 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Djibouti on 25 January 1978.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

  • Djibouti does not maintain an embassy in the UK.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Djibouti through its embassy in Djibouti.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Egypt}} Template:Date table sorting See Egypt–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister arrives in Egypt (53270852942).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, October 2023.

Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Equatorial Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Equatorial Guinea

The UK established diplomatic relations with Equatorial Guinea on 20 June 1969.<ref name="equatorialguinea" />Template:Failed verification

  • Equatorial Guinea does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom; the Equatoguinean government closed its embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Equatorial Guinea through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Yaoundé, Cameroon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> and the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Eritrea}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Eritrea

The UK established diplomatic relations with Eritrea on 16 November 1993.<ref name="eritrea" />Template:Failed verification

  • Eritrea maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Eritrea through its embassy in Asmara.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK administered Eritrea from 1941 to 1952, when Eritrea united with Ethiopia into a federation.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Eswatini}} Template:Date table sorting See Eswatini–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Eswatini on 6 September 1968.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Eswatini maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Eswatini through its high commission in Mbabane.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Eswatini from 1903 to 1968, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ethiopia}} Template:Date table sorting See Ethiopia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ethiopia in 1841.<ref name="ethiopia" />Template:Better source needed

  • Ethiopia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ethiopia through its embassy in Addis Ababa.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK administered Ethiopia from 1941 to 1942. The UK continued to administered the regions of Ogaden and Haud from 1941, until both territories were relinquished to Ethiopia in 1948 and 1955 respectively.<ref name="ShinnOfcansky2013">Template:Cite book</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Gabon}} Template:Date table sorting See Gabon–United Kingdom relations
File:President of Gabon (12476405025).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Gabonese President Ali Bongo in London, February 2014.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Gabon on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

  • Gabon maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Gabon through an honoury consul in Libreville.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Gambia}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Gambia

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Gambia on 1 January 1965.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • The Gambia maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ghana through its high commission in Banjul.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Gambia from 1816 to 1965, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ghana}} Template:Date table sorting See Ghana–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ghana on 6 March 1957.<ref name="SL" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Ghana from 1821 to 1957, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> an Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Guinea

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guinea on 28 May 1959.<ref name="guinea" />Template:Failed verification

  • Guinea maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Guinea through its embassy in Conakry.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Guinea-Bissau}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Guinea-Bissau

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guinea-Bissau on 12 March 1975.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

  • Guinea-Bissau does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Guinea-Bissau through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Dakar, Senegal.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed parts of Guinea-Bissau from 1792 to 1870, when it was ceded to Portugal.

Both countries share common membership of Atlantic Co-operation Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Ivory Coast}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Ivory Coast

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ivory Coast on 12 October 1960.<ref name="ivorycoast" />

  • Ivory Coast maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ivory Coast through its embassy in Abidjan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kenya}} Template:Date table sorting See Kenya–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA (54021845925).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Kenyan President William Ruto at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kenya on 12 December 1963.<ref name="kenya" />Template:Better source needed

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Kenya from 1895 to 1963, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Lesotho}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Lesotho

The UK established diplomatic relations with Lesotho on 4 October 1966.<ref name="SL" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Lesotho from 1884 to 1966, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Liberia}} Template:Date table sorting See Liberia–United Kingdom relations
File:Co-chairs of the High Level Panel in London (8147175093).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf in London, November 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Liberia on 1 August 1849.<ref name="liberia" />

  • Liberia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Monrovia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The United Kingdom was the first country to recognise the independence of Liberia in 1848.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Libya}} Template:Date table sorting See Libya–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Libya on 24 December 1951.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Libya maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Libya through its embassy in Tripoli.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK administered Libya from 1942 to 1951, when Libya gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Madagascar}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Madagascar

The UK established diplomatic relations with Madagascar on 27 June 1960.<ref name="madagascar" />Template:Failed verification

  • Madagascar maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Madagascar through its embassy in Antananarivo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK administered Madagascar from 1942 to 1943, when Madagascar was transferred to France.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="ESAUKEPA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Malawi}} Template:Date table sorting See Malawi–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malawi on 6 July 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Malawi maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Malawi through its high commission in Lilongwe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Malawi from 1893 until 1964, when Malawi gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mali}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Mali

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mali on 22 March 1961.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Mali does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Mali through its embassy in Bamako.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Mauritania}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Mauritania
File:British foreign minister discusses Sahel security in Mauritania (6263417651).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Mauritanian Foreign Minister Hamady Ould Hamady in Nouakchott, October 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mauritania on 28 November 1960.<ref name="mauritania" />Template:Failed verification

  • Mauritania maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Mauritania through its embassy in Nouakchott.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Morocco}} Template:Date table sorting See Morocco–United Kingdom relations
File:UK Foreign Secretary William Hague meeting Abdel-Ilah Benkirane, Head of the Moroccan Government in London, 28 October 2013. (10535153794).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Mauritanian Foreign Minister Hamady Ould Hamady in Nouakchott, October 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Morocco on 28 June 1956.<ref name="SL" />

  • Morocco maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Morocco through its embassy in Rabat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Bilateral relations between Morocco and the UK date back to the early 1200s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mozambique}} Template:Date table sorting See Mozambique–United Kingdom relations
File:President of Mozambique (7169639634).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Mozambican President Armando Guebuza in Downing Street, May 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mozambique on 1 September 1975.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Mozambique maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Mozambique through its high commission in Maputo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a High Level Prosperity Partnership,<ref name="prosperity" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Namibia}} Template:Date table sorting See Namibia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Namibia in 1990.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" />

{{#invoke:flag Niger}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Niger

The UK established diplomatic relations with Niger on 6 October 1960.<ref name="GM" />

  • Niger maintains a consulate in the Milton Keynes.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Niger through its embassy in Niamey.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Nigeria}} Template:Date table sorting See Nigeria–United Kingdom relations
File:UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets the President of Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, in Abuja - 3.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Nigerian President Bola Tinubu in Abuja, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nigeria on 1 October 1960.<ref name="nigeria" />Template:Failed verification

  • Nigeria maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Nigeria through its high commission in Abuja, and a deputy high commission in Lagos.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Nigeria from 1862 to 1960, when Nigeria achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Enhanced Trade and Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Security and Defence Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Republic of the Congo}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Republic of the Congo

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Republic of the Congo on 9 December 1960.<ref name="GM" />Template:Failed verification

  • The Republic of the Congo maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Republic of the Congo through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Kinshasa, DR Congo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Rwanda}} Template:Date table sorting See Rwanda–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Rishi Sunak meets Rwandan President Kagame (52870735268).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Rwandan President Paul Kagame in Downing Street, May 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Rwanda on 1 July 1962.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Rwanda maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Rwanda through its high commission in Kigali.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag São Tomé and Príncipe}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of São Tomé and Príncipe

The UK established diplomatic relations with São Tomé and Príncipe on 3 December 1979.<ref name="DS" />

  • São Tomé and Príncipe does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to São Tomé and Príncipe through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Luanda, Angola.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> and the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Senegal}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Senegal
File:Maitre Madicke Niang (5179350418).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Senegalese Foreign Minister Madické Niang in London, November 2010.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Senegal on 20 June 1960.<ref name="SL" />

  • Senegal maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Senegal through its embassy in Dakar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sierra Leone}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Sierra Leone

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sierra Leone in April 1961.<ref name="SL" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Somalia}} Template:Date table sorting See Somalia–United Kingdom relations
File:Global Education Summit.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Somali Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble in London, July 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Somalia on 7 July 1960.<ref name="somalia" />

  • Somalia does not maintain an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Somalia through its embassy in Mogadishu.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Somaliland from 1884–1940 and 1941–1960, Somaliland achieved full independence on 26 June 1960. The UK also administered the remaining territory of modern Somalia from 1941–1950, until it became an Italian Trust Territory. Both of these territories unified on the 1 July 1960 to become Somalia.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Somaliland}} N/A See Somaliland–United Kingdom relations

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Somaliland; the UK does not recognise Somaliland to be a sovereign nation.

  • Somaliland maintains a diplomatic mission in London.
  • The United Kingdom does not have a diplomatic mission in Somaliland.

On 4 July 2023, Gavin Williamson proposed a bill to the UK Parliament that would invoke the UK to recognise the Republic of Somaliland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Somaliland from 1884–1940 and 1941–1960, Somaliland achieved full independence on 26 June 1960. The Republic of Somaliland declared independence from Somalia on 18 May 1991.

{{#invoke:flag South Africa}} Template:Date table sorting See South Africa–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Sunak met with President Ramaphosa of South Africa in Number 10 - 2022.jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa in Downing Street, November 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Africa on 10 March 1931.<ref name="southafrica" />Template:Better source needed

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed South Africa from 1806 until 1931, when South Africa gained full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, G20, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="sacum" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag South Sudan}} Template:Date table sorting See South Sudan–United Kingdom relations
File:South Sudan Vice President (8345739210).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with South Sudanese Vice President Riek Machar in London, January 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Sudan on 9 July 2011.<ref name="southsudan" />Template:Better source needed

  • South Sudan maintains a embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to South Sudan through its embassy in Juba.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed South Sudan from 1899 to 1956, when Sudan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Sudan}} Template:Date table sorting See Sudan–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sudan on 3 March 1956.<ref name="sudan" />

  • Sudan maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Sudan through its embassy in Khartoum.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Due to the Battle of Khartoum, the embassy has been temporarily relocated to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The UK governed Sudan from 1899 to 1956, when Sudan achieved full independence.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Tanzania}} Template:Date table sorting See Tanzania–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tanzania on 22 April 1964.<ref name="tanzania" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Tanganyika from 1916 to 1961, when Tanganyika achieved full independence; the UK governed Zanzibar from 1890 to 1963, when Zanzibar achieved full independence. Both countries unified on 26 April 1964 to become Tanzania.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a High Level Prosperity Partnership.<ref name="prosperity" />

{{#invoke:flag Togo}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Togo

The UK established diplomatic relations with Togo on 27 April 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Togo maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Togo through a high commission; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK occupied Togo from 1914 to 1916, when Togo became a French mandate.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Tunisia}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Tunisia
File:Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom David Lammy visits Tunis, Tunisia on 31 January 2025 - 15.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy in Tunis, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tunisia on 19 June 1956.<ref name="SL" />

  • Tunisia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Tunisia through its embassy in Tunis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Uganda}} Template:Date table sorting See Uganda–United Kingdom relations
File:London Conference on Somalia (6788698738) cropped.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni in London, February 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uganda on 9 October 1962.<ref name="uganda" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Uganda from 1894 to 1962, when Uganda achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Zambia}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Zambia relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visits Zambia - 53090850497.jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema in Lusaka, August 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Zambia on 17 October 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Zambia maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Zambia through its high commission in Lusaka.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Zambia from 1911 to 1964, when Zambia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Energy Africa Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Green Growth Compact,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Zimbabwe}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Zimbabwe relations
File:Boris Johnson with Sibusiso Moyo in London - 2018 (41537095012).jpg
Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson with Zimbabwean Foreign Minister Sibusiso Moyo in London, April 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

  • Zimbabwe maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Zimbabwe through its embassy in Harare.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Zimbabwe from 1923 to 1980, when Zimbabwe achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="ESAUKEPA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

AsiaEdit

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Afghanistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Afghanistan–United Kingdom relations
File:UK Prime Minister Visits Troops in Helmand 141003-M-MF313-130.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron in Camp Bastion, October 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Afghanistan on 22 November 1921.<ref name="afghanistan" /> The UK currently recognises the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan government, over the de facto Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan government, as the legal administrator of the country.

  • Afghanistan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom was accredited to Afghanistan through its embassy in Kabul. Following the fall of Kabul, the embassy has been co-located with the British Embassy in Doha, Qatar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Afghanistan from 1879–1919, when Afghanistan achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Armenia}} Template:Date table sorting See Armenia–United Kingdom relations
File:Armen Sarkissian attends the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (17) (cropped).jpg
Foreign Secretary Liz Truss with Armenian President Armen Sarkissian at COP26 in Glasgow, November 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Armenia on 20 January 1992.<ref name="armenia" />

  • Armenia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Armenia through its embassy in Yerevan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Azerbaijan}} Template:Date table sorting See Azerbaijan–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May meets with Ilham Aliyev (4).jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev in Downing Street, April 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Azerbaijan on 11 March 1992.<ref name="azerbaijan" />

  • Azerbaijan maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Azerbaijan through its embassy in Baku.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bahrain}} Template:Date table sorting See Bahrain–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May meets with King of Bahrain at 10 Downing Street.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Bahraini King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa in Downing Street, October 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bahrain on 21 August 1971.<ref name="bahrain" />

  • Bahrain maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bahrain through its embassy in Manama.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Bahrain from 1861 to 1971, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Bahrain–US Comprehensive Security Integration and Prosperity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf">Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bangladesh}} Template:Date table sorting See Bangladesh–United Kingdom relations
File:Sheikh Hasina with David Cameron.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Downing Street, January 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bangladesh on 4 February 1972.<ref name="bangladesh" />

  • Bangladesh maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bangladesh through its high commission in Dhaka.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Bangladesh from 1699 to 1947, when it achieved independence as part of Pakistan.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Illegal Migration Returns Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bhutan}} N/A See Foreign relations of Bhutan

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Bhutan; the UK does recognise Bhutan to be a sovereign nation.

  • The UK is accredited to Bhutan through its deputy high commission in Kolkata, India.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Relations between Bhutan and the UK date back to the 18th Century<ref name=bi>Template:Country study</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Brunei}} Template:Date table sorting See Brunei–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Sultan of Brunei (54214371358).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Bruneian Sultanate Hassanal Bolkiah in Downing Street, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Brunei on 1 January 1984.<ref name="brunei"/>

  • Brunei maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Brunei from 1888 to 1984, when Brunei achieved full independence.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cambodia}} Template:Date table sorting See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cambodia on 5 May 1952.<ref name="cambodia" />

  • Cambodia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Cambodia through its embassy in Phnom Penh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag China}} Template:Date table sorting See China–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54147616322).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Chinese President Xi Jinping at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on 17 June 1954.<ref name="china" />

  • China maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the territories of Hong Kong, from 1841 to 1941 and 1945 to 1997, as well as Weihaiwei from 1898 to 1930.

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and the Sino-British Joint Declaration.

{{#invoke:flag Cyprus}} Template:Date table sorting See Cyprus–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets President of Cyprus Nikos Christodoulides at 10 Downing Street, London, UK on 14 October 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides in Downing Street, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cyprus on 16 August 1960.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification The UK is a "guarantor power" of Cyprus's independence.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Cyprus through its high commission in Nicosia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Cyprus from 1878 until 1960, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag East Timor}} Template:Date table sorting See East Timor–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy meets president of Timor-Leste José Ramos-Horta (54475577565).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with East Timorese President José Ramos-Horta in London, April 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with East Timor in 2002.<ref name="easttimor"/>Template:Better source needed

  • Timor-Leste maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Timor-Leste from its embassy in Jakarta; there is no British embassy in East Timor.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> On 29 February 2024, the UK announced its intentions to re-open an embassy in Dili.<ref name="indonesia" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Georgia}} 1992 See Georgia–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Georgia on 27 April 1992.<ref name="georgia" />

  • Georgia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Georgia through its embassy in Tbilisi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have and an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Hong Kong}} N/A See Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations
File:Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (6146914431).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang in Downing Street, September 2011.

The UK established modern diplomatic relations with Hong Kong on 1 July 1997.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Hong Kong from 1841 to 1941 and 1945 to 1997, when Hong Kong's sovereignty was ceded to the People's Republic of China in 1997.

Both share common membership of the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag India}} Template:Date table sorting See India–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister of Bharat Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi with Prime Minister of The United Kingdom Sir Keir Starmer.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with India on 14 August 1947.<ref name="SL" />

  • India maintains a high commission in London.<ref name="indiarelations">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the India from 1858 to 1947, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, G20, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.<ref name="indiarelations" /> Additionally the two are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Indonesia}} Template:Date table sorting See Indonesia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets the President of Indonesia (54155606175).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto in Downing Street, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Indonesia on 27 December 1949.<ref name="indonesia" />

  • Indonesia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Indonesia through its embassy in Jakarta, as well as an honorary consulate in Bali.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The United Kingdom occupied Indonesia from 1811 to 1816 and 1945 to 1946, on both occasions Indonesia was transferred to the Netherlands.

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iran}} Template:Date table sorting See Iran–United Kingdom relations
File:PM meeting with President Rouhani of Iran at UNGA (29738823751).jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Irani President Hassan Rouhani at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iran on 4 January 1801.<ref name="iran">Template:Cite journal</ref>Template:Failed verification

  • Iran maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Iran through its embassy in Tehran.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed southern Iran from 1941 until 1946.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Transport Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iraq}} Template:Date table sorting See Iraq–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Iraq Prime Minister Al-Sudani (54266379821).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Iraqi President Mohammed Shia Al Sudani in Downing Street, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iraq on 4 October 1932.<ref name="iraq" />

  • Iraq maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Iraq through its embassy in Baghdad.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Iraq from 1921 until 1932, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Israel}} 1948 See Israel–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Sunak met with Prime Minister Netanyahu at 10 Downing Street in 2023.jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Downing Street, March 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Israel in 1950.<ref name="israel">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • Israel maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="israel" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Israel through its embassy in Tel Aviv.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Israel from 1921 until 1948, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Trade and Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement,<ref name="rha" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The two countries are currently negotiating a new Free Trade Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Japan}} Template:Date table sorting See Japan–United Kingdom relations
File:Fumio Kishida and Keir Starmer at the 2024 NATO summit (1).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida at a NATO summit in Washington, D.C., July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Japan on 26 August 1858.<ref name="japan" />

  • Japan maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Japan through its embassy in Tokyo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and a Reciprocal Access Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Jordan}} Template:Date table sorting See Jordan–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets King of Jordan Abdullah II for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street, London, United Kingdom on 6 November 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Jordanian King Abdullah II in Downing Street, November 2024.

Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Kazakhstan}} Template:Date table sorting See Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations
File:Kazakhstan visit by United Kingdom Foreign Secretary David Cameron on 24 April 2024 - 28.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kazakhstan on 19 January 1992.<ref name="kazakhstan" />

  • Kazakhstan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The UK is accredited to Kazakhstan through its embassy in Astana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kuwait}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Kuwait
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54024121800).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Crown Prince of Kuwait Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kuwait on 8 November 1961.<ref name="SL" />

  • Kuwait maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Kuwait through its embassy in Kuwait City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Kuwait from 1899 to 1961, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK and the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which Kuwait is a member, are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Kyrgyzstan}} Template:Date table sorting See Kyrgyzstan–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Kyrgyzstan on 22 April 2024 - 8.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Foreign Minister Jeenbek Kulubayev in Bishkek, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kyrgyzstan on 12 June 1992.<ref name="kyrgyzstan" />

  • Kyrgyzstan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The UK is accredited to Kyrgyzstan through its embassy in Bishkek.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Laos}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Laos

The UK established diplomatic relations with Laos on 5 September 1955.<ref name="laos" />

  • Laos maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="laos" />
  • The UK is accredited to Laos through its embassy in Vientiane.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Lebanon}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Lebanon
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Lebanon Prime Minister Najib Mikati for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street in London, United Kingdom on 28 October 2024 - 1.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Lebanese Prime Minister Najib Mikati in Downing Street, October 2024.

Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Macao}} N/A See Foreign relations of Macao

The UK established modern diplomatic relations with Macao on 20 December 1999.

  • Macao does not maintain a diplomatic mission in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Macao through a diplomatic mission; the UK develops relations through its Consulate General in Hong Kong.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both share common membership of the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Malaysia}} Template:Date table sorting See Malaysia–United Kingdom relations
File:David Cameron with Prime Minister of Malaysia (5937407122).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak in Downing Street, July 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malaysia on 31 August 1957.<ref name="malaysia" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Malaysia from 1826 to 1942 and 1945 to 1957, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Maldives}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Maldives
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends COP29 in Azerbaijan (54135015943).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu at COP29 in Baku, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Maldives on 26 July 1965.<ref name="maldives" />

  • The Maldives maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Maldives through its high commission in Malé.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Maldives from 1796 to 1965, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. The two countries are currently negotiating a free trade agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mongolia}} Template:Date table sorting See Mongolia–United Kingdom relations
File:Mongolia visit by the United Kingdom Foreign Secretary David Cameron on 26 April 2024 - 28.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Mongolian Foreign Minister Battsetseg Batmunkh in Ulaanbaatar, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mongolia on 23 January 1963.<ref name="mongolia" />

  • Mongolia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Monglia through its embassy in Ulaanbaatar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Services Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Myanmar}} Template:Date table sorting See Myanmar–United Kingdom relations
File:May meets with Aung San Suu Kyi in 2016.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Myanmar State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi in Downing Street, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Myanmar on 7 July 1947.<ref name="myanmar" />

  • Myanmar maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Myanmar through its embassy in Yangon.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Myanmar from 1824 to 1942 and 1945 to 1948, when Myanmar achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nepal}} Template:Date table sorting See Nepal–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nepal on 4 March 1816 with the ratification of the Treaty of Sugauli.<ref name="nepal" /><ref name="sugauli" />

  • Nepal maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Nepal through its embassy in Kathmandu.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag North Korea}} Template:Date table sorting See North Korea–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with North Korea on 12 December 2000.<ref name="northkorea" />

  • North Korea maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to North Korea through its embassy in Pyongyang.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Oman}} Template:Date table sorting See Oman–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Haitham bin Tariq, the Sultan of Oman for a bilateral meeting in 10 Downing Street, London, United Kingdom 6 August 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Omani Sultanate Haitham bin Tariq in Downing Street, August 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Oman on 21 May 1971.<ref name="oman" />

  • Oman maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Oman through its embassy in Muscat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Oman from 1891 until 1951, when Oman achieved full independence.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Comprehensive Agreement on Enduring Friendship and Bilateral Cooperation,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Mutual Defence Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Pakistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Pakistan–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54023071436).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Pakistan on 14 August 1947.<ref name="SL" />

  • Pakistan maintains a high commission in London, as well as consulates in Birmingham, Bradford, Glasgow, and Manchester.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Pakistan through its high commission in Islamabad, as well as a deputy high commission in Karachi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Pakistan from 1824 to 1947, as part of the British Raj which also included modern day India and Bangladesh, until it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Palestine}} N/A See Palestine–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA (54022912335).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The United Kingdom maintains a consulate in Jerusalem which handles British relations with the Palestinian Authority.<ref name="FCOPalestine">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The Foreign and Commonwealth Office states the "Consular district covers Jerusalem (West and East), the West Bank and Gaza. As well as work on the Middle East Peace Process and other political issues, the consulate also promotes trade between the UK and the Occupied Palestinian Territories and manages an extensive programme of aid and development work. The latter is undertaken primarily by the DFID office in Jerusalem.".<ref name="FCOPalestine" />

The Palestinian Authority is represented in London by Manuel Hassassian, the Palestinian General Delegate to the United Kingdom.<ref name="FCOPalestine" />

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Philippines}} Template:Date table sorting See Philippines–United Kingdom relations
File:Benigno Aquino III met with UK Prime Minister Cameron and his cabinet at the 10 Downing Street.jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Filipino President Benigno Aquino III in Downing Street, June 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Philippines on 4 July 1946.<ref name="philippines" />

  • The Philippines maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="philippines" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Philippines through its embassy in Manila.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Qatar}} Template:Date table sorting See Qatar–United Kingdom relations
File:Qatar State Visit at Horse Guards 2024-12-03-12-18-A.jpg
King Charles III with Qatari Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in London, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Qatar on 24 May 1972.<ref name="qatar" />

  • Qatar maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Qatar through its embassy in Doha.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Qatar from 1916 to 1971, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Climate Technology Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Security Pact,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Strategic Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK and the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which Qatar is a member, are negotiating a free trade agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Saudi Arabia}} Template:Date table sorting See Saudi Arabia–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister arrives in Saudi Arabia (53270521280).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in Riyadh, October 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia on 20 May 1927.<ref name="saudiarabia">Template:Cite news</ref>Template:Failed verification

  • Saudi Arabia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Saudi Arabia through its embassy in Riyadh, as well as a consulate general in Jeddah.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Critical Minerals Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Defence Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="gulf" />

{{#invoke:flag Singapore}} Template:Date table sorting See Singapore–United Kingdom relations
File:Lawrence Wong Singapore Prime Minister meets United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Apia, Samoa on 26 October 2024.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

Singapore and the United Kingdom share a friendly relationship since Singapore became independent from the United Kingdom in 1959. Singapore retained the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as the final court of appeal up till 1989 (fully abolished in 1994) due to political reasons.

{{#invoke:flag South Korea}} Template:Date table sorting See South Korea–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson UNGA visit (51496677452).jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with South Korean President Moon Jae-in at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with South Korea on 18 January 1949.<ref name="southkorea" />

  • South Korea maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to South Korea through its embassy in Seoul.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> the Downing Street Accord,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The two countries are negotiating a new Free Trade Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sri Lanka}} Template:Date table sorting See Sri Lanka–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sri Lanka on 22 October 1946.<ref name="srilanka" />

  • Sri Lanka maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Sri Lanka through its high commission in Colombo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Sri Lanka from 1802 to 1948, until it achieved full independence as Ceylon.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Template:Flagicon image Syria Template:Date table sorting See Syria–United Kingdom relations

Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.<ref name="development" />

{{#invoke:flag Taiwan}} N/A See Taiwan–United Kingdom relations

The UK has not established formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan; the UK does not recognise Taiwan to be a sovereign nation.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Taiwan through its office in Taipei.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

In 1950, the UK switched its recognition from the Republic of China (ROC) to the People's Republic of China (PRC).<ref name="taipei" />

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Tajikistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Tajikistan–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Tajikistan (53671101690).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Tajikistani Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin in Dushanbe, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Tajikistan on 15 January 1992.<ref name="tajikistan" />

  • Tajikistan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The UK is accredited to Tajikistan embassy in Dushanbe.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Thailand}} Template:Date table sorting See Thailand–United Kingdom relations
File:Downing Street (8185451853).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra in Downing Street, November 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Thailand on 18 April 1855.<ref name="thailand" />

  • Thailand maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The UK is accredited to Thailand through its embassy in Bangkok.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Turkey}} Template:Date table sorting See Turkey–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends COP29 in Azerbaijan (54134724206).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at COP29 in Baku, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Turkey on 2 September 1924.<ref name="turkey" />

  • Turkey maintains an embassy in London, and consulates generals in Edinburgh, London and Manchester.<ref name="turkey" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Turkey through its embassy in Ankara, a consulate general in Istanbul, and an honorary vice consulate in Antalya. The United Kingdom also has a consulate in İzmir, and honorary consulates in Bodrum, Fethiye, and Marmaris.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, G20, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Turkmenistan}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Turkmenistan

The UK established diplomatic relations with Turkmenistan on 23 January 1992.<ref name="turkmenistan" />

  • Turkmenistan maintains an embassy in London.
  • The UK is accredited to Turkmenistan through its embassy in Ashgabat.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag United Arab Emirates}} Template:Date table sorting See United Arab Emirates–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visit to the Middle East region (54191613987).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer in Abu Dhabi, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates on 6 December 1971.<ref name="uae" />

  • The United Arab Emirates maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the United Arab Emirates through its embassies in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed the United Arab Emirates from 1920 to 1971, when the United Arab Emirates achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Accord,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Partnership for the Future.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK and the Gulf Cooperation Council, of which the United Arab Emirates is a member, are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag Uzbekistan}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Uzbekistan relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Uzbekistan (53673366313).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Uzbek Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov in Tashkent, April 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uzbekistan on 18 February 1992.<ref name="uzbekistan" />

  • Uzbekistan maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Uzbekistan through its embassy in Tashkent.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Vietnam}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Vietnam relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Vietnam on 11 September 1973.<ref name="vietnam" />

  • Vietnam maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The UK is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Hanoi, and a Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK occupied Southern Vietnam and Saigon from 1945–1946.

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Yemen}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Yemen relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Yemen on 24 October 1951.<ref name="yemen">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Failed verification

  • Yemen maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Yemen through its embassy in Sana'a.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the southern Yemen from 1837 to 1967, when it achieved full independence as South Yemen.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

EuropeEdit

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Albania}} Template:Date table sorting See Albania–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Albania President Bajram Begaj (54521430145).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Albanian President Bajram Begaj in Tirana, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Albania on 9 November 1921.<ref name="albania" />

  • Albania maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Albania through its embassy in Tirana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Readmission Agreement,<ref name="albania" /> and an Agreement on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons.<ref name="albania" />

{{#invoke:flag Andorra}} Template:Date table sorting<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref>||See Foreign relations of Andorra

  • The United Kingdom's consulate-general in Barcelona handles the United Kingdom's consular activities in Andorra.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Austria}} Template:Date table sorting See Austria–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Rishi Sunak in Vienna (53736458889).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer in Vienna, May 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Austria on 8 November 1919.<ref name="austria" />Template:Failed verification

  • Austria maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Austria through its embassy in Vienna.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belarus}} Template:Date table sorting See Belarus–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belarus on 27 January 1992.<ref name="belarus" />

  • Belarus maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Belarus through its embassy in Minsk.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the OSCE, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belgium}} Template:Date table sorting See Belgium–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Sunak met with Belgian PM De Croo at Number 10 in 2024.jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Belgian Prime Minister Alexander De Croo in Downing Street, January 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belgium on 1 December 1830.<ref name="belgium" />

  • Belgium maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Belgium through its embassy in Brussels.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Classified Information Protection Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Maritime Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Template:Date table sorting See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bosnia and Herzegovina on 13 April 1992.<ref name="bosnia" />

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Sarajevo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Bulgaria}} Template:Date table sorting See Bulgaria–United Kingdom relations
File:Rumen Radev attends the 2019 NATO Summit in Watford (1).jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Bulgarian President Rumen Radev at a NATO summit in London, December 2019.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Bulgaria on 23 July 1879.<ref name="bulgaria" />

  • Bulgaria maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="bulgaria" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bulgaria through its embassy in Sofia.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Croatia}} Template:Date table sorting See Croatia–United Kingdom relations
File:Johnson and PM Plenković at Downing Street.jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Croatian President Andrej Plenković in Downing Street, February 2020.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Croatia on 24 June 1992.<ref name="croatia" />

  • Croatia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Croatia through its embassy in Zagreb.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Czechia}} Template:Date table sorting See Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
File:Czech Republic Prime Minister Petr Fiala with Prime Minister Keir Starmer at a bilateral meeting as he attends the European Political Community Summit at Budapest, Hungary on 7 November 2024.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala at a European Political Community summit in Budapest, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Czechia on 3 September 1919.<ref name="cr">Template:Cite book</ref>

  • Czechia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Czechia through its embassy in Prague.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Denmark}} Template:Date table sorting See Denmark–United Kingdom relations
File:Starmer meets Frederiksen at Downing Street 2025-02-04-18-48.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen in Downing Street, February 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Denmark on 25 October 1401.<ref name="denmark" />Template:Failed verification

  • Denmark maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Denmark through its an embassy in Copenhagen.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank.

{{#invoke:flag Estonia}} Template:Date table sorting See Estonia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the JEF Summit (54210148708).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Estonian Prime Minister Kristen Michal at a JEF summit in Tallinn, December 2024.

The UK re-established diplomatic relations with Estonia on 5 September 1991.<ref name="estonia" />

  • Estonia maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="estonia" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Estonia through its embassy in Tallinn.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag European Union}} N/A See European Union–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission for a bilateral at the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium on 2 October 2024 - 1.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in Brussels, October 2024.

The UK was a founding member of the European Union on 1 November 1993; it seceded on 1 January 2021.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Both the EU and the UK share common membership of the G7, G20, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Faroe Islands}} N/A See Foreign relations of the Faroe Islands
  • The Faroe Islands maintains a representation in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Faroe Islands through its consulate in Tórshavn.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK occupied Faroe Islands from 1940 until 1945, when the Faroe Islands were returned to Denmark.

Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Finland}} Template:Date table sorting See Finland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets President Stubb of Finland (54421876531).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Finnish President Alexander Stubb in Downing Street, March 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Finland on 28 March 1919.<ref name="finland" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a mutual defence agreement,<ref name="mda">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a strategic partnership agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag France}} Template:Date table sorting See France–United Kingdom relations
File:Ukraine conference in Paris 2025-02-17-14-56-D.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with French President Emmanuel Macron in Paris, February 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with France in 1396.<ref name="france" />Template:Failed verification

  • France maintains an embassy in London, and consulates general in London and Edinburgh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to France through its embassy in Paris, and consulates in Bordeaux and Marseille.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, G7, G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force, a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and the Lancaster House Treaties.

{{#invoke:flag Germany}} Template:Date table sorting See Germany–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets German Chancellor Olaf Scholz (53954349060).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Berlin, August 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany on 20 June 1951.<ref name="germany" />

  • Germany maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and the Trinity House Defence Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Greece}} Template:Date table sorting See Greece–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis for a meeting in 10 Downing Street in London, United Kingdom on 3 December 2024 - 2.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis in Downing Street, December 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Greece on in 1834.<ref name="greece">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>Template:Better source needed

  • Greece maintains an embassy in London, and honorary consulates in Belfast, Birmingham, Edinburgh, Gibraltar, Glasgow, and Leeds.<ref name="greece" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Greece through its embassy in Athens, and vice consulates in Corfu, Crete, Rhodes, Thessaloniki, and Zakynthos.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Ionian Islands from 1815 to 1864, when they were ceded to Greece.

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Bilateral Framework.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Holy See}} Template:Date table sorting See Holy See–United Kingdom relations

With the English Reformation, diplomatic links between London and the Holy See, which had been established in 1479, were interrupted in 1536 and again, after a brief restoration in 1553, in 1558. Formal diplomatic ties between the United Kingdom and the Holy See were restored in 1914 and raised to ambassadorial level in 1982.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="FCO Profile">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Hungary}} Template:Date table sorting See also Hungary–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Hungary on 22 May 1921.<ref name="hungary" />

  • Hungary maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Hungary through its embassy in Budapest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Iceland}} Template:Date table sorting See Iceland–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Iceland on 8 May 1940.<ref name="iceland" />

  • Iceland maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Iceland through its embassy in Reykjavík.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK occupied Iceland from 10 May 1940 until July 1941, when the United States assumed responsibility of the country.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, Joint Expeditionary Force, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="nilfta">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ireland}} Template:Date table sorting See Ireland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Irish Taoiseach (53863701738).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Taoiseach Simon Harris in Downing Street, July 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ireland on 6 December 1922.<ref name="ireland" />Template:Failed verification

  • Ireland maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ireland through its an embassy in Dublin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Ireland from the 12th century until 1800, when it was incorporated into the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland achieved full independence on the 6 December 1922.<ref name="ireland" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Common Travel Area, and the Good Friday Agreement. The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank.

{{#invoke:flag Italy}} Template:Date table sorting See Italy–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Italian PM Giorgia Meloni (53999654154).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni in Rome, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Italy on 13 April 1859.<ref name="italy" />Template:Failed verification

  • Italy maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Italy through its embassy in Rome, and a consulate general in Milan.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, G7, G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Export and Investment Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kosovo}} Template:Date table sorting See Kosovo–United Kingdom relations
  • Kosovo has a Consular Mission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom has an embassy in Pristina.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Bilaterally the two countries have a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

When Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, the United Kingdom became one of the first countries to officially announce recognition of sovereign Kosovo on 18 February 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref><ref name="nytimes u.s. u.k. france">Template:Cite news</ref> The United Kingdom has had an embassy in Pristina since 5 March 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Kosovo has an embassy in London since 1 October 2008.

{{#invoke:flag Latvia}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Latvia
File:Ministru prezidenta Valda Dombrovska tikšanās ar Apvienotās Karalistes Ministru prezidentu Deividu Kameronu (8515580200).jpg
Prime Minister David Cameron with Latvian Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis in Riga, February 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Latvia on 5 September 1991.<ref name="latvia" />

  • Latvia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Riga.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Lithuania}} Template:Date table sorting See Lithuania–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Rishi Sunak attends NATO summit (53039324384).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Lithuanian President Gitanas Nausėda at a NATO summit in Vilnius, July 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Lithuania on 4 September 1991.<ref name="lithuania" />

  • Lithuania maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Lithuania through its embassy in Vilnius.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Luxembourg}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Luxembourg
File:Jean Asselborn, Luxembourg Minister of Foreign Affairs (5383877883).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Luxembourger Foreign Minister Jean Asselborn in London, January 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Luxembourg on 27 November 1879.<ref name="YB" />Template:Failed verification

  • Luxembourg maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Luxembourg through its embassy in Luxembourg City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Malta}} Template:Date table sorting See Malta–United Kingdom relations
File:Tallinn Digital Summit. Round table Joseph Muscat, Theresa May (36683076524).jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Maltese Prime Minister Joseph Muscat in Tallinn, September 2017.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Malta on 7 September 1964.<ref name="SL" />Template:Failed verification

  • Malta maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Malta through its high commission in Valletta.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The UK governed Malta from 1800 until 1964, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Bilateral Cooperation Framework,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Moldova}} Template:Date table sorting See Moldova–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Lammy and President of Moldova Maia Sandu (54154006225).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Lammy with Moldovan President Maia Sandu in Chișinău, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Moldova on 17 January 1992.<ref name="moldova" />

  • Moldova maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Moldova through its embassy in Chişinău.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> and a Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Monaco}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Monaco

The UK established diplomatic relations with Monaco on 21 September 2007.<ref name="monaco" />

  • Monaco maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Monaco through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its embassy in Paris, France.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the United Nations, and the OSCE.

{{#invoke:flag Montenegro}} Template:Date table sorting See Montenegro–United Kingdom relations
File:President Djukanović of Montenegro (32243865358).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Sir Alan Duncan with Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović in London, November 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Montenegro on 13 June 2006.<ref name="montenegro" />

  • Montenegro maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="montenegro" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Montenegro through its embassy in Podgorica.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Netherlands}} Template:Date table sorting See Netherlands–United Kingdom relations
File:Securing Our Future (UK pic) 2025-03-02-13-37-B.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof at a London summit in Lancaster House, March 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Netherlands on 1 April 1603.<ref name="DR" />Template:Failed verification

  • The Netherlands maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Netherlands through its embassy in The Hague.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag North Macedonia}} Template:Date table sorting See North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends EPC summit (54523659763).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with North Macedonian Prime Minister Hristijan Mickoski at a European Political Community summit in Tirana, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with North Macedonia on 16 December 1993.<ref name="northmacedonia" />

  • North Macedonia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to North Macedonia through its embassy in Skopje.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Norway}} Template:Date table sorting See Norway–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Norway on 6 November 1905.<ref name="norway" />

File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends JEF Summit in Oslo (54506406812).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre at a JEF summit in Oslo, May 2025.
  • Norway maintains an embassy in London, and an honoury consulate general in Edinburgh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Norway through its embassy in Oslo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a free trade agreement,<ref name="nilfta" /> a Green Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Poland}} Template:Date table sorting See Poland–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime minister Keir Starmer meets Poland PM Donald Tusk (54272245015).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk in Warsaw, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Poland on 15 July 1919.<ref name="poland" />

  • Poland maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="poland" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Poland through its embassy in Warsaw.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence and Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Tax Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Portugal}} Template:Date table sorting See Portugal–United Kingdom relations
File:Portuguese President and PM view Treaty of Windsor.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in Downing Street, November 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Portugal on 9 May 1386.<ref name="portugal" />

  • Portugal maintains an embassy and a consulate general in London and consulates in Belfast, Edinburgh, Hamilton and St Helier.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Portugal through its embassy in Lisbon, and a vice consulate in Portimão.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Alliance.

{{#invoke:flag Romania}} Template:Date table sorting See Romania–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Romania on 20 February 1880.<ref name="romania" />

File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Romanian PM Marcel Ciolacu (54136604307).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Romanian Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu in Downing Street, November 2024.
  • Romania maintains an embassy in London, and consulate generals in Edinburgh and Manchester. Romania also maintains honorary consulates in Hirwaun, Leeds, Morpeth-Newcastle and Southampton.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Romania through its embassy in Bucharest.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Russia}} main|1553}} See Russia–United Kingdom relations
File:Vladimir Putin and Theresa May (2016-09-04) 03.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Hangzhou, September 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Russia on 24 August 1553.<ref name="RE" />

  • Russia maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Russia through its embassy in Moscow, and a consulate in Yekaterinburg.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

In March 2022, the United Kingdom was added to Russia's unfriendly countries list.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the European Court of Human Rights, G20, the OSCE, the UNSC P5 and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag San Marino}} Template:Date table sorting See San Marino–United Kingdom relations
  • San Marino has a consulate general in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom has a consulate general to San Marino in Rome.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Serbia}} Template:Date table sorting See Serbia–United Kingdom relations
File:Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia (6417852491).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić in London, November 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Serbia on 7 February 1870<ref name="serbia" />

  • Serbia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Serbia through its embassy in Belgrade.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OSCE and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Slovakia}} Template:Date table sorting See Slovakia–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May at Slovakia July 2016.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico in Bratislava, July 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Slovakia on 1 January 1993.<ref name="slovakia" />

  • Slovakia maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="slovakia" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Slovakia through its embassy in Bratislava.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Slovenia}} Template:Date table sorting See Slovenia–United Kingdom relations
File:Vrh zveze Nato v Vilni (53039045216).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Slovenian Prime Minister Robert Golob at a NATO summit in Vilnius, July 2023.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Slovenia on 15 January 1992.<ref name="slovenia" />

  • Slovenia maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Slovenia through its embassy in Ljubljana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

The UK established official relations with Sovereign Military Order of Malta on 7 September 1964.<ref name="sovereignorder" />

  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta maintains the Grand Priory of England in London.<ref name="sovereignorder" />
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta through a mission.
{{#invoke:flag Spain}} Template:Date table sorting See Spain–United Kingdom relations
File:Pedro Sánchez and Boris Johnson at 2021 NATO Summit (2).jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez at a NATO summit in Brussels, June 2021.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Spain in 1505.<ref name="spain" />Template:Failed verification

  • Spain maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Sweden}} Template:Date table sorting See Sweden–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer meets Ulf Kristersson (54513798582).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson in Downing Street, May 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Sweden on 23 December 1653.<ref name="DR" />Template:Failed verification

  • Sweden maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Sweden through its embassy in Stockholm.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, the Joint Expeditionary Force, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Mutual Defence Agreement,<ref name="mda" /> and a Strategic Partnership.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Switzerland}} Template:Date table sorting See Switzerland–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister Attends the Summit on Peace in Ukraine (53793351728).jpg
Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Swiss President Viola Amherd at a Ukraine peace summit in Bürgenstock Resort, June 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Switzerland in 1891.<ref name="switzerland" />

  • Switzerland maintains an embassy in London, an honorary consulate general in Edniburgh, and honorary consulates in Belfast, Bermuda, Cardiff, the Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, and Manchester.<ref name="switzerland" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Switzerland through its embassy in Bern.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, the International Criminal Court, OECD, OSCE, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have the Berne Financial Services Agreement,<ref name="switzerland" /> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Trade Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> The two countries are currently negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ukraine}} Template:Date table sorting See Ukraine–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer visits Ukraine (54272036602).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv, January 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ukraine on 10 January 1992.<ref name="ukraine" />

  • Ukraine maintains an embassy in London, and a consulate in Edinburgh.<ref name="ukraine" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ukraine through its embassy in Kyiv.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, OSCE, Trilateral Security Pact, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref name="development" /> a Security Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

North AmericaEdit

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Antigua and Barbuda}} Template:Date table sorting See Antigua and Barbuda–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Antigua and Barbuda on 1 November 1981.<ref name="DS" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Antigua and Barbuda maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • United Kingdom is accredited to Antigua and Barbuda through its high commission in Saint John's.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Antigua and Barbuda from 1632 to 1981, when Antigua and Barbuda achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the UK–CARIFORUM continuity Trade Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Bahamas}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Bahamas

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Bahamas on 10 July 1973.<ref name="bahamas" />

  • The Bahamas maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Bahamas through its high commission in Nassau.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Bahamas from 1648 to 1973, when the Bahamas achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Barbados}} Template:Date table sorting See Barbados–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends UNGA Day 2 (54023864383).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Barbadian Prime Minister Mia Mottley at a United Nations General Assembly in New York City, September 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Barbados on 30 November 1966.<ref name="barbados" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Barbados from 1625 to 1966, when Barbados achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Belize}} Template:Date table sorting See Belize–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Belize on 21 September 1981.<ref name="belize" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Belize from 1783 to 1981, when Belize achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Defence Cooperation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Canada}} Template:Date table sorting See Canada–United Kingdom relations
File:Starmer and Carney 2025-03-17-18-44.jpg
Prime minister Keir Starmer with Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney in London, March 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Canada on 1 July 1926.<ref name="canada" />Template:Failed verification Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Canada from 1783 to 1931, when Canada achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Trade Continuity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Costa Rica}} 1848 See Costa Rica–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Costa Rica on 28 February 1848.<ref name="costarica" />

  • Costa Rica maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Costa Rica from its embassy in San José.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Cuba}} Template:Date table sorting See Cuba–United Kingdom relations
File:Cuban Ambassador to the United Kingdom (8241540248).jpg
Foreign Office Minister Hugo Swire with Cuban Ambassador to the UK Esther Gloria Armenteros Cárdenas in London, December 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Cuba on 20 May 1902.<ref name="cuba"/>

  • Cuba maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • United Kingdom is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Havana.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Political Dialogue and Co-operation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Dominica}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Dominica

The UK established diplomatic relations with Dominica on 13 December 1978.<ref name="dominica" />

  • Dominica maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • United Kingdom is not accredited to Dominica through a high commission; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Bridgetown.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Dominica from 1763 to 1978, when Dominica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the UK–CARIFORUM continuity Trade Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag Dominican Republic}} 1850 See Foreign relations of the Dominican Republic
File:Memorandum of Understanding on Bilateral Co-operation between the United Kingdom and the Dominican Republic (7413203868).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Dominican Republic Foreign Minister Carlos Morales Troncoso in London, June 2012.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Domican Republic on 6 March 1850.<ref name="dominicanrepublic" />

  • Dominican Republic maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Dominican Republic from its embassy in Santo Domingo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Maritime Boundary Agreement.

{{#invoke:flag El Salvador}} 1883 See El Salvador–United Kingdom relations
File:Entrega de Credenciales de Gran Bretania y República Dominicana 2.jpg
British Ambassodor to El Salvador Bernhard Garside with Salvadoran President Salvador Sánchez Cerén in San Salvador, March 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with El Salvador in 1883.<ref name="elsalvador" />Template:Better source needed

  • El Salvador maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to El Salvador from its embassy in San Salvador.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" />

{{#invoke:flag Grenada}} Template:Date table sorting See Grenada–United Kingdom relations
{{#invoke:flag Guatemala}} 1837 See Guatemala–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guatemala on 12 July 1837.<ref name="guatemala" />

  • Guatemala maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • United Kingdom is accredited to Guatemala from its embassy in Guatemala City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" />

{{#invoke:flag Haiti}} 1859 See Haiti–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Haiti on 13 May 1859.<ref name="haiti" />

  • Haiti maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Port-au-Prince.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Honduras}} 1849 See Foreign relations of Honduras

The UK established diplomatic relations with Honduras on 16 June 1849.<ref name="honduras" />Template:Failed verification

  • Honduras maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Honduras through an embassy; the UK is accredited to Honduras through its embassy in Guatemala City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Mosquito Coast from 1638 to 1787 and 1816 to 1819.

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" />

{{#invoke:flag Jamaica}} Template:Date table sorting See Jamaica–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Jamaica on 2 August 1962.<ref name="jamaica" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Jamaica maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Jamaica through its high commission in Kingston.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Jamaica from 1655 to 1962, when Jamaica achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Mexico}} Template:Date table sorting See Mexico–United Kingdom relations
File:President of Mexico 2015 state visit to UK.jpg
Queen Elizabeth II with Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto during his state visit in London, March 2015.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Mexico on 26 December 1826.<ref name="mexico" />

  • Mexico maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Mexico through its embassy in Mexico City, and a consulate general in Cancún.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the G20, the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Trade Continuity Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Additionally the two countries are negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nicaragua}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Nicaragua
File:Nicaraguan Foreign Minister (11069197143).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Samuel Santos López in London, November 2013.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Nicaragua on 18 January 1859.<ref name="nicaragua" />

  • Nicaragua maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in San Jose, Costa Rica; there is no British embassy in Nicaragua.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Association Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an investment agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Panama}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Panama
File:Boris Johnson with Juan Carlos Varela in London - 2018 (27232646267).jpg
Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson with Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela in London, May 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Panama on 9 April 1908.<ref name="panama" />

  • Panama maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–UK Trade Continuity Agreement.<ref name="CAFTA" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an investment agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Saint Kitts and Nevis}} main|1983}} See Saint Kitts and Nevis–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Kitts and Nevis on 19 September 1983.<ref name="stkitts" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Saint Kitts and Nevis maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis from its high commission in Bridgetown; there is no British high commission in Saint Kitts and Nevis.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Saint Kitts and Nevis from the 17th century to 1983, when Saint Kitts and Nevis achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag Saint Lucia}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Saint Lucia
File:Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (5666300185).jpg
Foreign Secretary William Hague with Saint Lucian Prime Minister Stephenson King in London, April 2011.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Lucia on 22 February 1979.<ref name="DS" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Saint Lucia maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to its high commission in Castries.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Saint Lucia from 1803 to 1979, when Saint Lucia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the UK–CARIFORUM Continuity Trade Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} Template:Date table sorting See Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Saint Vincent and the Grenadines on 27 October 1979.<ref name="stvincent" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Saint Vincent and the Grenadines as part of the Windward Islands colony from 1833 to 1979, when Saint Vincent and the Grenadines achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Caribbean Development Bank, Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" />

{{#invoke:flag United States}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–United States relations
File:Starmer-Trump bilateral 2025-02-27-22-06-A.jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with US President Donald Trump in the White House, February 2025.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United States on 1 June 1785.<ref name="usa" /> UK-US diplomatic relations is commonly described as the "Special Relationship".

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The United States declared its independence from the United Kingdom on 4 July 1776.<ref name="usa" />

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac">Template:Cite news</ref> AUKUS, Five Eyes, the G7, the G20, NATO, OECD, OSCE, UKUSA Agreement, the UNSC P5, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilateral agreements between the two countries include the US–UK Mutual Defence Agreement, and a proposed free trade agreement.

OceaniaEdit

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Australia}} Template:Date table sorting See Australia–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54091709068).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Australia in March 1936.<ref name="OY" />Template:Failed verification Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Australia from the late 18th century until 1942, when Australia achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of AUKUS, the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the G20, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have a Climate and Energy Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Defence Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Free Trade Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Fiji}} Template:Date table sorting See Fiji–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron meets the Prime Minister of Fiji, Hon. Sitiveni Rabuka (53712702090).jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Fijian Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka in Asuncion, May 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Fiji on 10 October 1970.<ref name="fiji" />

  • Fiji maintains a high commission in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Fiji through its high commission in Suva.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Fiji from 1874 until 1970, when Fiji achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="pacific">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Kiribati}} Template:Date table sorting See Kiribati–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Kiribati on 12 July 1979.<ref name="DS" />Template:Failed verification

  • Kiribati does not maintain a high commission in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Kiribati through a high commission; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Suva, Fiji.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Kiribati from 1892 until 1979, when Kiribati achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Marshall Islands}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Marshall Islands on 2 February 1992.<ref name="marshallislands" />

  • The Marshall Islands does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to the Marshall Islands through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Suva, Fiji.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, and the United Nations. Bilaterally the two countries have a Tax Information Exchange Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Nauru}} Template:Date table sorting See Nauru–United Kingdom relations

Nauru was part of the British Western Pacific Territories from September 1914 and June 1921.Template:Citation needed The British Government had ceased to exercise any direct role in the governance of Nauru by 1968, when the island achieved its independence. The Nauruan government maintains an Hon. Consul, Martin W I Weston. The British High Commission in Suva is responsible for the United Kingdom's bilateral relations with Nauru.<ref>"UK in Fiji" Template:Webarchive, British High Commission in Fiji</ref>

{{#invoke:flag New Zealand}} Template:Date table sorting See New Zealand–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa (54089666216).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with New Zealand in March 1939.<ref name="OY" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • New Zealand maintains a high commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to New Zealand through its high commission in Wellington, in addition to a consulate general in Auckland.<ref name="wellington">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed New Zealand from 1840 until 1947, when New Zealand achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, CPTPP, Five Eyes, the Five Power Defence Arrangements, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the UKUSA Agreement, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have Free Trade Agreement, and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.<ref name="rha" />

{{#invoke:flag Niue}} N/A See Foreign relations of Niue

The UK has not established diplomatic relations with Niue; the UK does not recognise Niue to be a sovereign nation.

  • Niue does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Niue through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Wellington, New Zealand.<ref name="wellington" />

The UK governed Niue from 1900–1901, when Niue was transferred to New Zealand.

{{#invoke:flag Papua New Guinea}} Template:Date table sorting See Papua New Guinea–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visits Papua New Guinea (52829685765).jpg
Foreign Secretary James Cleverly with Papua New Guinean Prime Minister James Marape in Port Moresby, April 2023.

Papua New Guinea and the United Kingdom share Charles III as their head of state. They have had relations since 1975 when Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia.

{{#invoke:flag Solomon Islands}} Template:Date table sorting See Solomon Islands–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with the Solomon Islands on 7 July 1978.<ref name="solomonislands" /> Both countries are Commonwealth Realms.

  • Solomon Islands does not maintain a high commission in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to the Solomon Islands through its high commission in Honiara.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed the Solomon Islands from 1893 until 1978, when the Solomon Islands achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Tonga}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Tonga

The United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Tonga established formal mutual diplomatic recognition in 1879.<ref>"Tonga: History" Template:Webarchive, Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Tonga was then a British protectorate from 1900 to 1970, whereupon diplomatic relations resumed at the level of sovereign states.

{{#invoke:flag Vanuatu}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Vanuatu

The UK established diplomatic relations with Vanuatu on 30 July 1980.<ref name="DS" />

  • Vanuatu does not maintain a high commission in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Vanuatu through its high commission in Port Vila.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Vanuatu jointly with France from 1906 until 1980, when Vanuatu achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have signed an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

South AmericaEdit

Country Since Notes
{{#invoke:flag Argentina}} Template:Date table sorting See Argentina–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54149827241).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Argentine President Javier Milei at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, and the United Nations.

{{#invoke:flag Brazil}} Template:Date table sorting See Brazil–United Kingdom relations
File:25.09.2024 - Encontro Bilateral com o Primeiro-Ministro do Reino Unido, Keir Starmer (54021429729).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Brazil on 17 August 1827.<ref name="brazil">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Better source needed

  • Brazil maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the G20, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.

{{#invoke:flag Chile}} Template:Date table sorting See Chile–United Kingdom relations
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends the G20 Summit in Brazil (54150303287).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Chilean President Gabriel Boric at a G20 summit in Rio de Janeiro, November 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Chile on 14 September 1823.<ref name="chile" />

  • Chile maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Chile through its embassy in Santiago.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Colombia}} Template:Date table sorting See Colombia–United Kingdom relations
File:Theresa May welcomes Colombian President Santos to 10 Downing street.jpg
Prime Minister Theresa May with Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos in Downing Street, November 2016.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Colombia on 18 April 1825.<ref name="colombia" />

  • Colombia maintains an embassy in London.<ref name="colombia" />
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Colombia through its embassy in Bogotá.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the OECD, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Bilaterally the two countries havea Cultural Agreement,<ref name="colombia" /> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref name="colombia" /> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> a Partnership for Sustainable Growth,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and a Security Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Ecuador}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Ecuador

The UK established diplomatic relations with Ecuador on 29 January 1853.<ref name="ecuador" />Template:Failed verification

  • Ecuador maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Ecuador through its embassy in Quito.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean" /> Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Guyana}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Guyana
File:Prime Minister Keir Starmer attends CHOGM Summit in Samoa -Day 2 (54092122963).jpg
Prime Minister Keir Starmer with Guyanese President Irfaan Ali at a Commonwealth summit in Apia, October 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Guyana on the 26 May 1966.<ref name="guyana" />

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

The UK governed Guyana from 1803 to 1966, when Guyana achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref name="pac" /> the Caribbean Development Bank, the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.<ref name="CARIFORUM" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Paraguay}} Template:Date table sorting See Paraguay–United Kingdom relations
File:Foreign Secretary David Cameron visits Paraguay - 53542267706.jpg
Foreign Secretary David Cameron with Paraguayan President Santiago Peña in Asuncion, February 2024.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Paraguay on 4 March 1853.<ref name="paraguay" />

  • Paraguay maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Paraguay through its embassy in Asunción.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Peru}} Template:Date table sorting See Peru–United Kingdom relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Peru on 10 October 1823.<ref name="peru" />

  • Peru maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Lima.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries are members of CPTPP, the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Andean Countries–UK Free Trade Agreement.<ref name="andean" /> Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Suriname}} Template:Date table sorting See Foreign relations of Suriname

The UK established diplomatic relations with Suriname on 31 March 1976.<ref name="suriname" />

  • Suriname does not maintain an embassy in the UK.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Suriname through an embassy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

England governed Suriname from 1650 to 1667, when Suriname was ceded to the Netherlands. The UK occupied Suriname from 1799 until 1816.<ref name="Suriname plans to join the Commonwealth">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic co-operation pact,<ref>Template:Cite x</ref> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref> and Caribbean Development Bank.

{{#invoke:flag Uruguay}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Uruguay relations
File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson Bilateral with President of Uruguay (52092855197).jpg
Prime Minister Boris Johnson with Uruguayan President Luis Lacalle Pou in Downing Street, May 2022.

The UK established diplomatic relations with Uruguay in 1833.<ref name="uruguay" />

  • Uruguay maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Uruguay through its embassy in Montevideo.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the Atlantic Co-operation Pact,<ref name="pac" /> the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

{{#invoke:flag Venezuela}} Template:Date table sorting See United Kingdom–Venezuela relations

The UK established diplomatic relations with Venezuela on 29 October 1834.Template:Citation needed

  • Venezuela maintains an embassy in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Venezuela through its embassy in Caracas.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
 CitationClass=web

}}</ref> Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Sovereignty disputesEdit

File:Antarctica, territorial claims.svg
Map of territorial claims in Antarctica, including the unclaimed Marie Byrd Land. Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend Template:Legend


File:Gibraltar National Day 027 (9719742224) (2).jpg
Gibraltar National Day celebrations in 2013

List of territorial disputes involving the United Kingdom:

Territory Claimants Notes
Antarctica {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 British Antarctic Territory}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Argentine Antarctica}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Chile}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Chilean Antarctic Territory}} See Territorial claims in Antarctica

The United Kingdom claims the area between Template:Nowrap and Template:Nowrap as a British Overseas Territory. The area between 25°W and 53°W overlaps Argentina's claim. The area between 74°W and 80°W overlaps Chile's claim. The area between 53°W and 74°W overlaps the claims of both Argentina and Chile.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Chagos Archipelago {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 British Indian Ocean Territory}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Mauritius}} See Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto administers the archipelago as the British Indian Ocean Territory. Mauritius claims the islands. On 22 May 2025, Mauritius and the United Kingdom signed a deal to hand sovereignty over to Mauritius; the dispute will end once the deal is ratified by both parties.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

Rock of Gibraltar {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Gibraltar}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Spain}} See Status of Gibraltar

The United Kingdom de facto governs Gibraltar as a British Overseas Territory. Spain claims Gibraltar, disputing the interpretation of the Treaty of Utrecht, as well as the location of the border. Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain under British sovereignty in 1967 and 2002.

Falkland Islands {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Falkland Islands}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}} See Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto governs the Falkland Islands as a British Overseas Territory. Argentina claims the Islands as part of its Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands province. In 1982, the dispute escalated when Argentina invaded the islands during the Falklands War. In 2013, the Falkland Islanders voted overwhelmingly to remain a British Overseas Territory.

Rockall Bank {{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Iceland}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Ireland}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Denmark}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 Faroe Islands}} See Rockall Bank dispute

Rockall is an uninhabited islet located within the exclusive economic zone of the UK. Ireland, Denmark, Iceland, and the UK have all made submissions to the commission set up under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

South Georgia,
South Sandwich Islands 		{{#invoke:flag United Kingdom}}
Template:*{{#invoke:flag		 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}
{{#invoke:flag		 Argentina}} See South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands sovereignty dispute

The United Kingdom de facto governs South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands as a British Overseas Territory. Argentina claims the Islands as part of its Province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica and South Atlantic Islands province. In 1982, the dispute escalated when Argentina invaded South Georgia during the Falklands War.

Commonwealth of NationsEdit

File:Commonwealth of Nations.svg
Members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

The UK has varied relationships with the countries that make up the Commonwealth of Nations which originated from the British Empire. Charles III of the United Kingdom is Head of the Commonwealth and is King of 15 of its 56 member states. Those that retain the King as head of state are called Commonwealth realms. Over time several countries have been suspended from the Commonwealth for various reasons. Zimbabwe was suspended because of the authoritarian rule of its President.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

International organisationsEdit

Template:See also

The United Kingdom is a member of the following international organisations:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • ACP - Atlantic Co-operation Pact<ref name="pac" />
  • ADB - Asian Development Bank (nonregional member)
  • AfDB - African Development Bank (nonregional member)
  • Arctic Council (observer)
  • Australia Group
  • BIS - Bank for International Settlements
  • Commonwealth of Nations
  • CBSS - Council of the Baltic Sea States (observer)
  • CDB - Caribbean Development Bank
  • Council of Europe
  • CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research
  • CPTPP - Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans–Pacific Partnership
  • EAPC - Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council
  • EBRD - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  • ESA - European Space Agency
  • FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization
  • FATF - Financial Action Task Force
  • G7 - Group of Seven
  • G10 - Group of Ten
  • G20 - Group of Twenty
  • IADB - Inter-American Development Bank
  • IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency
  • IBRD - International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (also known as the World Bank)
  • ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization
  • ICC - International Chamber of Commerce
  • ICCt - International Criminal Court
  • ICRM - International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  • IDA - International Development Association
  • IEA - International Energy Agency
  • IFAD - International Fund for Agricultural Development
  • IFC - International Finance Corporation
  • IFRCS - International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  • IHO - International Hydrographic Organization
  • ILO - International Labour Organization
  • IMF - International Monetary Fund
  • IMO - International Maritime Organization
  • IMSO - International Mobile Satellite Organization
  • Interpol - International Criminal Police Organization
  • IOC - International Olympic Committee
  • IOM - International Organization for Migration
  • IPU - Inter-Parliamentary Union
  • ISO - International Organization for Standardization
  • ITSO - International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  • ITU - International Telecommunication Union
  • ITUC - International Trade Union Confederation
  • MIGA - Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  • MONUSCO - United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  • NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization
  • NEA - Nuclear Energy Agency
  • NSG - Nuclear Suppliers Group
  • OAS - Organization of American States (observer)
  • OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
  • OPCW - Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
  • OSCE - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
  • Paris Club
  • PCA - Permanent Court of Arbitration
  • PIF - Pacific Islands Forum (partner)
  • SECI - Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (observer)
  • UN - United Nations
  • UNSC - United Nations Security Council
  • UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  • UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
  • UNFICYP - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus
  • UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  • UNMIS - United Nations Mission in Sudan
  • UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
  • UPU - Universal Postal Union
  • WCO - World Customs Organization
  • WHO - World Health Organization
  • WIPO - World Intellectual Property Organization
  • WMO - World Meteorological Organization
  • WTO - World Trade Organization
  • Zangger Committee - (also known as the) Nuclear Exporters Committee

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

<references />

BibliographyEdit

  • Casey, Terrence. The Blair Legacy: Politics, Policy, Governance, and Foreign Affairs (2009) excerpt and text search
  • Daddow, Oliver, and Jamie Gaskarth, eds. British foreign policy: the New Labour years (Palgrave, 2011)
  • Daddow, Oliver. "Constructing a ‘great’ role for Britain in an age of austerity: Interpreting coalition foreign policy, 2010–2015." International Relations 29.3 (2015): 303-318.
  • Dickie, John. The New Mandarins: How British Foreign Policy Works (2004)
  • Dumbrell, John. A special relationship: Anglo-American relations from the Cold War to Iraq (2006)
  • Finlan, Alastair. Contemporary Military Strategy and the Global War on Terror: US and UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan and Iraq 2001-2012 (2014)
  • Gallagher, Julia. "Healing the scar? Idealizing Britain in Africa, 1997–2007." African Affairs 108.432 (2009): 435-451 online
  • Honeyman, V. C. "From Liberal Interventionism to Liberal Conservatism: the short road in foreign policy from Blair to Cameron." British Politics (2015). abstract
  • Lane, Ann. Strategy, Diplomacy and UK Foreign Policy (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010)
  • Leech, Philip, and Jamie Gaskarth. "British Foreign Policy and the Arab Spring." Diplomacy & Statecraft 26#1 (2015).
  • Lunn, Jon, Vaughne Miller, Ben Smith. "British foreign policy since 1997 - Commons Library Research Paper RP08/56" (UK House of Commons, 2008) 123pp onlineTemplate:Dead link
  • Magyarics, Tamas. Balancing in Central Europe: Great Britain and Hungary in the 1920s
  • Seah, Daniel. "The CFSP as an aspect of conducting foreign relations by the United Kingdom: With Special Reference to the Treaty of Amity & Cooperation in Southeast Asia" International Review of Law (2015) "online
  • Seton-Watson, R. W. Britain in Europe (1789–1914): A Survey of Foreign Policy (1937) online
  • Stephens, Philip. Britain Alone: The Path from Suez to Brexit (2021) excerpted
  • Whitman, Richard G. "The calm after the storm? Foreign and security policy from Blair to Brown." Parliamentary Affairs 63.4 (2010): 834–848. online
  • Williams, Paul. British Foreign Policy under New Labour (2005)

Primary sourcesEdit

  • Blair, Tony. A Journey: My Political Life (2010)
  • Howe, Geoffrey. Conflict of Loyalty (1994), memoir covers 1983 to 1989 online

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