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Freesia

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Template:Short description {{#invoke:other uses|otheruses}} Template:Automatic taxobox

Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1886) and named after the German botanist and medical practitioner, Friedrich Freese (1795–1876). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces.<ref name=WCSP_F/> Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia.<ref name=WCSP_F/> The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants.

DescriptionEdit

They are herbaceous plants which grow from a conical corm Template:Cvt diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves Template:Cvt long, and a sparsely branched stem Template:Cvt tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six petals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those formerly placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers.

Freesias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the large yellow underwing.Template:Citation needed

SystematicsEdit

The genus was named in honor of Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Freese (1795–1876), a German physician.<ref name=Goldblatt2008>Template:Cite book</ref>

Species<ref name=WCSP_F>Search for "Freesia", Template:Citation</ref>
  • Freesia andersoniae L.Bolus - the Cape Provinces, Free State
  • Freesia caryophyllacea (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. (syn. F. elimensis L.Bolus, F. parva N.E.Br., F. xanthospila (DC.) Klatt) - Heuningrug region in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia corymbosa (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. (syn. F. armstrongii W.Watson, F. brevis N.E.Br., F. aurea Hend., F. odorata (G.Lodd. ex Bosse) Eckl. ex Klatt) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia fergusoniae L.Bolus - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia fucata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - Hoeks River Valley in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt - Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, northeastern South Africa
  • Freesia laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (syn. F. cruenta (Lindl.) Klatt) - from Rwanda + Kenya south to the Cape Provinces; naturalized in Madeira, Mauritius, Réunion, Australia, Florida, Argentina
  • Freesia leichtlinii Klatt (syn. F. middlemostii F.Barker, F. muirii N.E.Br., Freesia alba G.L.Mey. = F. leichtlinii subsp. alba (G.L.Mey.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt) - the Cape Provinces; naturalized in Corsica, California, Florida, Argentina
  • Freesia marginata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia occidentalis L.Bolus (syn. F. framesii L.Bolus) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia praecox J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia refracta (Jacq.) Klatt (syn. F. hurlingii L.Bolus) - the Cape Provinces; naturalized in France, Canary Islands, Madeira, Bermuda, St. Helena
  • Freesia sparrmanii (Thunb.) N.E.Br. - Langeberg in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia speciosa L.Bolus (syn. F. flava (E.Phillips & N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia verrucosa (B.Vogel) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (syn. F. juncea (Pourr.) Klatt) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning - Namibia, the Cape Provinces

Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia:<ref name=WCSP_F/>

Cultivation and usesEdit

The plants usually called "freesias" in horticulture and floristry are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between Freesia refracta and Freesia leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered forms of Freesia corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.<ref>Dutch flowerpaper, Bloemenkrant, publisher Verhagen, week 12-2015, see also http://issuu.com/twovisions/docs/bk_week_12_15?e=1360358/11894263</ref> Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in hand creams, shampoos, candles, etc.Template:Citation needed; however, the flowers themselves are mainly used in wedding bouquets.

Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat rather than cup-shaped flowers.<ref name=Math87>Template:Citation, p. 9</ref><ref name=Inne85>Template:Citation, p. 18</ref>

  • Freesia refracta (Jacq.) Klatt (AM AK333551-2).jpg

    Freesia plants in native habitat

  • Flower March 2010-2.jpg

    Freesia alba (F. leichtlinii subsp. alba)

  • Freesia caryophyllacea 1DS-II 1-8705.jpg

    Freesia caryophyllacea

  • Freesia corymbosa KirstenboshBotGard09292010wildformB.jpg

    Freesia corymbosa

  • Freesia grandiflora KirstenboshBotGard09292010A.jpg

    Freesia grandiflora

  • Anomatheca laxa01.JPG

    Freesia laxa

  • FreesiaRefracta2.jpg

    Freesia refracta (garden cultivar)

  • PikiWiki Israel 42309 Plants of Israel.JPG

    Variety of freesia cultivars

  • Purple Freesia.jpg

    Mauve-colored freesia cultivar

  • Freesia verrucosa 97692625.jpg

    Freesia verrucosa

  • Freesia viridis.jpg

    Freesia viridis in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 31: t. 1275, as Tritonia viridis

  • Freesia viridis crispifolia 15935754.jpg

    Freesia viridis subsp. crispifolia

ReferencesEdit

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BibliographyEdit

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  • Template:Cite book
  • Goldblatt, P. (1982) Systematics of Freesia Klatt (Iridaceae) J. South African Bot. 48:39-93.

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External linksEdit

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