Genroku
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Template:Nihongo was a Template:Nihongo after Jōkyō and before Hōei. The Genroku period spanned the years from September 1688 to March 1704.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Genroku" Template:Google books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority FileTemplate:Dead link.</ref> The reigning emperor was Template:Nihongo.<ref name="t415">Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 415.</ref>
The period was known for its peace and prosperity,<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> as the previous hundred years of peace and seclusion in Japan had created relative economic stability. The arts and architecture flourished. There were unanticipated consequences when the shogunate debased the quality of coins as a strategy for financing the appearance of continuing Genroku affluence. This strategic miscalculation caused abrupt inflation. Then, in an effort to solve the ensuing crisis, the Template:Transliteration introduced what were called the Kyōhō Reforms.
Change of eraEdit
The Template:Nihongo was 1688. The new era name was created to mark the beginning of the reign of Higashiyama. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jōkyō 5, on the 30th day of the 9th month.
A sense of optimism is suggested in the era name choice of Genroku (meaning "original happiness").
Events of the Genroku eraEdit
- 1688 (Genroku 1, 1st month): Ihara Saikaku publishes Japan's Eternal Treasury.
- 1688 (Genroku 1, 11th month): Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu assumes the office of Template:Transliteration
- 1688 (Genroku 1): The Tokugawa shogunate revised the code of conduct for funerals (Template:Transliteration), which incorporated a code of conduct for mourning as well.<ref>Smith, Robert et al. (2004). Japanese Culture: Its Development And Characteristics, p. 28.</ref>
- 1689 (Genroku 2, 4th month): Foreign settlements in Nagasaki become possible.
- September 16, 1689 (Genroku 2, 3rd day of the 7th month): German physician Engelbert Kaempfer arrives at Dejima.<ref>Screech, T. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 73.</ref>
- 1690 (Genroku 3, 10th month): The Abandoned Child Ban was officially proclaimed.
- 1692 (Genroku 5): Building of temples in Edo banned.
- 1693 (Genroku 6, 12th month): Arai Hakuseki becomes tutor to the Template:Transliteration of Kōfu-Template:Transliteration, the future Template:Transliteration Tokugawa Ienobu.
- 1693 (Genroku 6): The code of conduct for funerals is revised again.<ref>Smith, p. 28.</ref>
- 1695 (Genroku 8, 2nd month): Land survey performed of territory under the direct control of the Template:Transliteration in Kantō.
- 1695 (Genroku 8, 8th month): Minting begun of Genroku coinage. The shogunate placed the Japanese character Template:Nihongo on the obverse of copper coins, the same character used today in China for the Template:Transliteration. There is no connection between those uses, however.<ref name="t415" />
- 1695 (Genroku 8, 11th month): First kennel is established for stray dogs in Edo. In this context, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi comes to be nicknamed "the Dog Template:Transliteration".
_Japanese_Map_of_Kyoto,_Japan_-_Geographicus_-_Kyoto-genroku9-1696.jpg){kind=link}
- 1697 (Genroku 10): The fourth official map of Japan (Template:Transliteration) was made in this year, but it was considered to be inferior to the previous one—which had been ordered in Shōhō 1 (1605) and completed in Kan'ei 16 (1639). This map was corrected in Kyōhō 4 (1719) by the mathematician Tatebe Katahiro (1644–1739), using high mountain peaks as points of reference, and was drawn to a scale of 1:21,600.<ref>Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan</ref>Template:Rp
- 1697 (Genroku 10): Great fire in Edo.<ref name="t415" />
- 1698 (Genroku 11): Another great fire in Edo. A new hall is constructed inside the enclosure of the Edo temple of Kan'ei-ji (which is also known as Tōeizan Kan'ei-ji or "Hiei-san of the east" after the temple of Enryaku-ji at Mount Hiei near to Heian-kyō).<ref name="t415" />
- 1700 (Genroku 13, 11th month): Exchange rate of silver coins established.
- 1703 (Genroku 15, 12th month): Akō Domain incident involving the [[Forty-seven rōnin|47 Template:Transliteration]].
- 1703 (Genroku 16, 3rd month): Ōishi Yoshio commits ritual suicide.
- 1703 (Genroku 16, 5th month): First performance of Chikamatsu Monzaemon's play The Love Suicides at Sonezaki.
- December 31, 1703 (Genroku 16, 23rd day of the 11th month): The Great Genroku earthquake shook Edo and parts of the shogun's castle collapsed.<ref name="h63">Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 63.</ref> The following day, a vast fire spread throughout the city.<ref name="t415" /> Parts of Honshū's coast were battered by tsunami, and up to 200,000 people were either killed or injured.<ref name="h63" />
Prominent figures of the Genroku eraEdit
- Chikamatsu Monzaemon—Template:Transliteration playwright
- Ichikawa Danjūrō I, Sakata Tōjūrō I, Yoshizawa Ayame I—kabuki actors
- Ihara Saikaku—novelist
- Arai Hakuseki—Confucian scholar and shogunal advisor
- The [[Forty-seven rōnin|Forty-seven Template:Transliteration]]
- Ogata Kōrin and Ogata Kenzan—Rinpa school artists
- Torii Kiyonobu, Hishikawa Moronobu, Miyagawa Chōshun—ukiyo-e artists
- Matsuo Bashō—Haiku poet
See alsoEdit
NotesEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. Template:ISBN; OCLC 67774380
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Template:ISBN; OCLC 48943301
- Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Template:ISBN; OCLC 65177072
- Smith, Robert John and Richard K. Beardsley. (2004). Japanese Culture: Its Development And Characteristics. London: Routledge. Template:ISBN
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691.
- Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Metaphorical Road of the Tōkaid: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Template:ISBN; OCLC 52347509
External linksEdit
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
- New York Public Library Digital Gallery, Engelbert Kaempfer's 1691 impression of Hōkō-ji compound (published 1727)
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