Gloria Vanderbilt
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Gloria Laura Vanderbilt (February 20, 1924 – June 17, 2019) was an American artist, author, actress, fashion designer, heiress, and socialite. During the 1930s, she was the subject of a high-profile child custody trial in which her mother, Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, and her paternal aunt, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, each sought custody of her and control over her trust fund. Called the "trial of the century" by the press, the court proceedings were the subject of wide and sensational press coverage, due to the wealth and prominence of the involved parties and the scandalous evidence presented to support Whitney's claim that Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt was an unfit parent.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In the 1970s, Vanderbilt launched a line of fashions, perfumes, and household goods bearing her name. She was particularly noted as an early developer of designer blue jeans.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Early lifeEdit
Vanderbilt was born on February 20, 1924, in Manhattan, New York City, the only child of railroad heir Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt of the Vanderbilt family<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=Reggie>Template:Cite news</ref> and his second wife, Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> When Vanderbilt was born, her father was heard to exclaim in delight, "It is fantastic how Vanderbilt she looks! See the corners of her eyes, how they turn up?"<ref>Vanderbilt II, Arthur T., "Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt". Morrow: 1989, 340.</ref> She was baptized in the Episcopal Church by Bishop Herbert Shipman as Gloria Laura Vanderbilt. After her father's death, she was confirmed and raised in the Catholic Church, to which her mother belonged.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> From her father's first marriage to Cathleen Neilson, she had one elder half-sister, Cathleen Vanderbilt.<ref name="Death">Template:Cite news</ref>
Upon their father's death from cirrhosis, when Vanderbilt was 18 months old, she and her half-sister became heiresses to a half share, each, in a $5 million trust fund, equivalent to $Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation/year value.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The control of Vanderbilt's share, while she was a minor, belonged to her mother, who, for years, traveled to and from Paris, taking her daughter with her. They were accompanied by a beloved nanny—Emma Sullivan Kieslich,<ref>Vanderbilt II, Arthur T., 346.</ref> whom young Gloria had named "Dodo"—who would play a tumultuous part in the child's life,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and her mother's identical twin sister, Thelma, who was the lover of the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII), during this time.<ref name="Happy"/> As a result of her spending habits, her mother's use of finances was scrutinized by the child's paternal aunt, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney. A sculptor and philanthropist, Whitney wanted custody of her niece, which resulted in a custody trial.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The trial was so scandalous that at times, the judge would make everyone leave the room, so as to listen to what young Vanderbilt had to say without anyone influencing her. Some people heard weeping and wailing from inside the courtroom. Testimony was heard depicting Vanderbilt's mother as an unfit parent, including an allegation from Marie Caillot, her discharged French maid, of a lesbian affair with the Marchioness of Milford Haven, a relative of the British royal family, which Lady Milford Haven would subsequently deny in her own testimony.<ref name=AP>Template:Cite news</ref> Vanderbilt's mother lost the battle, and Vanderbilt became the ward of her aunt Gertrude.<ref name="Happy">Template:Cite book</ref>
Litigation continued, however. Vanderbilt's mother was forced to live on a drastically reduced portion of her daughter's trust, which was worth more than $4 million, at the end of 1937,<ref name="life1938011717">Template:Cite magazine</ref> equivalent to $Template:Inflation million in Template:Inflation/year value. Visitation was also closely watched, to ensure that Vanderbilt's mother did not exert any undue influence upon her daughter with her supposedly "raucous" lifestyle. Vanderbilt was raised amidst luxury at her aunt Gertrude's mansion in Old Westbury, Long Island, surrounded by cousins her age who lived in houses circling the vast estate and in New York City.<ref name="auto">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The story of the trial was told in the 1980 Barbara Goldsmith book, Little Gloria... Happy at Last, and a 1982 NBC miniseries based on it,<ref name=AP/> which was nominated for six Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Actress Jennifer Dundas played Gloria.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Vanderbilt attended the Greenvale School on Long Island; Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut; and then the Wheeler School<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in Providence, Rhode Island, as well as the Art Students League in New York City, developing the artistic talent for which she would become increasingly known during her career. When Vanderbilt came of age and took control of her trust fund, she cut her mother off entirely,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> though they later were reconciled.<ref name=meredien /> Her mother died in Los Angeles, in 1965.<ref name=meredien>Template:Cite news</ref>
CareerEdit
Theater artsEdit
From 1954 to 1963, Vanderbilt applied herself to acting. She studied acting at the Neighborhood Playhouse, with teacher Sanford Meisner, and debuted in 1954, in The Swan, staged at Pocono Playhouse in Mountainhome, Pennsylvania. In 1955, she appeared on Broadway, as Elsie, in a revival of William Saroyan's The Time of Your Life.<ref name=":0" /> Vanderbilt also appeared in a number of live and filmed television dramas, including Playhouse 90, Studio One in Hollywood, and The Dick Powell Show. She made an appearance in a two-part episode of The Love Boat, in 1981.<ref name="hams">Template:Cite news</ref> Other TV programs on which she appeared include Person to Person, with Edward R. Murrow, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Live! with Kelly and Michael and CBS News Sunday Morning.<ref name=":0" />
FashionEdit
Vanderbilt began her career as a fashion model when she was 15 years old, appearing in Harper's Bazaar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
During the 1970s, Vanderbilt ventured into the fashion business itself, first with Glentex, licensing her name and a collection of her paintings for a line of scarves.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1976, Indian designer Mohan Murjani's Murjani Corporation proposed launching a line of designer jeans carrying Vanderbilt's signature embroidered on the back pocket, as well as her swan logo. Her jeans were more tightly fitted than other jeans of that time and were an immediate success with customers.<ref name=":0" />
In 1978, Vanderbilt sold the rights to her name to the Murjani Group<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and re-launched her own company, GV Ltd, which she had founded in 1976.<ref name=":0" /> With her company, she launched dresses, blouses, sheets, shoes, leather goods, liqueurs, and accessories.<ref name=":0" /> In the period from 1982 to 2002, L'Oreal launched eight fragrances under the brand name Gloria Vanderbilt.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Murjan sold rights to the name Gloria Vanderbilt to the owners of Gitano Group Inc.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> in 1988.<ref name=Gitano.Cyclo>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Jones Apparel Group acquired the rights to Gloria Vanderbilt jeans in 2002.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Gloria Vanderbilt herself became an icon thanks to the numerous portrait shots. Among the famous photographers were Cecil Beaton, Gordon Parks, Horst P. Horst, Gianni Penat, Jeff Riedel, Paul Schutzer, Thomas Iannaccone, Ron Galella and Jack Robinson.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Fraud trialEdit
In the 1980s, Vanderbilt accused her former partners in GV Ltd. and her lawyer of fraud. After a lengthy trial (during which time the lawyer died), Vanderbilt won and was awarded nearly $1.7 million, but the money was never recovered. She was also awarded $300,000 by the New York City Bar Association. Vanderbilt also owed millions of dollars in back taxes, since the lawyer had never paid the IRS, and she was forced to sell her Southampton, New York, and Upper East Side homes.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="guardianobit">Template:Cite news</ref>
ArtEdit
Vanderbilt studied art at the Art Students League of New York.<ref name= ":0" /> She became known for her artwork, with one-woman exhibitions held of her oil paintings, watercolors, and pastels. Her first exhibition was held in 1948.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> This artwork was adapted and licensed, starting about 1968, by Hallmark Cards and by Bloomcraft (a textile manufacturer), and Vanderbilt began designing specifically for linen, pottery, and glassware.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In 2001, Vanderbilt returned to art and opened her first art exhibition, "Dream Boxes", at the Southern Vermont Arts Center in Manchester; it was a critical success.<ref name=":0" /> She launched another exhibition of 35 paintings at the Arts Center in 2007.<ref name="Petski">Template:Cite news</ref> Two years later, Vanderbilt returned to the Arts Center as a panelist at its Annual Fall Show Exhibition, signing copies of her latest novel, Obsession: An Erotic Tale.<ref name="Petski" />
When Vanderbilt celebrated her 90th birthday on February 20, 2014, a collection of her drawings, paintings and collages was placed on display in the 1stdibs Gallery at New York Design Center in New York City, in an exhibit called "The Left Hand Is The Dreamer".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
WritingsEdit
Vanderbilt wrote two books on art and home decor, four volumes of memoirs, three novels, and a singular collection of short stories, The Things We Fear Most. She was also a regular contributor to The New York Times, Vanity Fair and Elle.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In November 2010, Vanderbilt was the subject of a new book chronicling her life, The World of Gloria Vanderbilt,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> written by Wendy Goodman, New York magazine's design editor. The book, published by Abrams Books, featured many previously unreleased photographs.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In January 2017, HarperCollins Publishers released a book coauthored by Vanderbilt and her son Anderson Cooper, The Rainbow Comes and Goes: A Mother and Son on Life, Love, and Loss. The book was described by its publisher as "{a} touching and intimate correspondence between Anderson Cooper and his mother, Gloria Vanderbilt, offering timeless wisdom and a revealing glimpse into their lives".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Nothing Left Unsaid documentaryEdit
On April 9, 2016, HBO premiered Nothing Left Unsaid: Gloria Vanderbilt & Anderson Cooper, a two-hour documentary produced and directed by Liz Garbus. It features a series of conversations between the mother and son, covering her life and family history in the public eye.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Personal lifeEdit
MarriagesEdit
In 1941, aged 17, Vanderbilt went to Hollywood, where she became the second wife of Pat DiCicco, an agent for actors and an alleged mobster.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> They divorced in 1945 and had no children together.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She later alleged that DiCicco was an abusive husband who called her "Fatsy Roo" and beat her. "He would take my head and bang it against the wall," Vanderbilt said, "I had black eyes."<ref>Template:Cite newsTemplate:Cbignore</ref>
In April 1945, within weeks of divorcing DiCicco, Vanderbilt married conductor Leopold Stokowski, who was 42 years her senior. He had three daughters by his previous marriages to Olga Samaroff, an American concert pianist, and Evangeline Love Brewster Johnson, a Johnson & Johnson heiress. She was his third and last wife.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The marriage ended in divorce in October 1955 and produced two sons:<ref name=":0" /> Leopold Stanislaus "Stan" Stokowski (born August 22, 1950), and Christopher Stokowski (born January 31, 1952).
Vanderbilt's third husband was the director Sidney Lumet. She was the second of his four wives. They were married on August 28, 1956, and divorced in August 1963. They had no children together.<ref name=":0" />
Vanderbilt's fourth marriage was to author Wyatt Emory Cooper, on December 24, 1963. The marriage, which lasted 15 years, ended with his death in 1978 while he was undergoing open-heart surgery. They had two sons: Carter Vanderbilt Cooper (January 27, 1965 – July 22, 1988), who died by suicide at age 23 by jumping to his death from the family's 14th-floor apartment,<ref name="guardianobit"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and Anderson Hays Cooper (born June 3, 1967), a CNN news anchor.<ref name=":0" />
RelationshipsEdit
Vanderbilt maintained a romantic relationship with photographer and filmmaker Gordon Parks for many years until his death in 2006.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Other relationships included Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra,<ref name=":0" /> Howard Hughes and Roald Dahl.<ref name="theindependent">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Vanderbilt was very close friends with fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg. While appearing as a guest on her son Anderson Cooper's television talk show, Anderson on September 19, 2011, Vanderbilt referred to comedian and actress Kathy Griffin as her "fantasy daughter".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Truman Capote was speculated to have modeled the character of Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's on Vanderbilt, but others say it was based on her friend Carol Grace.<ref>"Big City Book Club: 'Breakfast at Tiffany's'." November 29, 2011. Web. Template:ProQuest June 17, 2019.</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Religious beliefsEdit
Vanderbilt was baptized into the Episcopal Church as an infant, but was raised a Roman Catholic and received the Catholic Sacrament of Confirmation. She was particularly fascinated with St. Thérèse of Lisieux. Although religious in her youth, she was not a practicing Catholic in her later years.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
Death and burialEdit
Vanderbilt died at her home in Manhattan on June 17, 2019, aged 95, of stomach cancer.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite magazine</ref> She is buried next to her son Carter and late husband Wyatt in the Cooper plot in the Vanderbilt Family Cemetery on Staten Island, New York.Template:Citation needed While she was rumored to be worth $200 million, upon her death Vanderbilt left son Anderson her estate, which was worth approximately $1.5 million.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>
WorksEdit
Art and home decorEdit
MemoirsEdit
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NovelsEdit
ReferencesEdit
CitationsEdit
SourcesEdit
External linksEdit
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- "Gloria Vanderbilt's Many Loves". CBS News. July 31, 2005
- "CBC's Q with Jian Ghomeshi", July 30, 2012