Humayun Ahmed
Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox person Humayun Ahmed (Template:Langx [ɦumajuːn aɦmed]; 13 November 1948 – 19 July 2012)<ref name=birth>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> was a Bangladeshi novelist, dramatist, screenwriter, filmmaker, songwriter, scholar, and academic.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His breakthrough was his debut novel Nondito Noroke published in 1972.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He wrote over 200 fiction and non-fiction books.<ref name="na27Jul2012" /><ref name="toi" /> He was one of the most popular authors and filmmakers in post-independence Bangladesh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Pakistani English newspaper Dawn referred to him as the cultural legend of Bangladesh.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
In the early 1990s, Humayun Ahmed emerged as a filmmaker. He went on to make a total of eight films – each based on his novels. Some of his notable films are: Daruchini Dip, Aguner Poroshmoni, Srabon Megher Din, Shonkhonil Karagar, Dui Duari, Shyamol Chhaya and Ghetuputra Komola. He was one of the most influential dramatist in Bangladesh during the 1990s, when he wrote the most popular soap operas. His works, such as Kothao Keu Nei, Aaj Robibar, and Bohubrihi, are still considered masterpieces by fans and critics.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Many Bangladeshi filmmakers are still inspired by his works.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His films Shyamol Chhaya and Ghetuputra Komola were submitted for the 78th Academy Awards and 85th Academy Awards respectively in the Best Foreign Language Film category.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Later he set up his own production company named Nuhash Chalachitra.
Widely regarded as the greatest novelist in Bangladesh's history, he is considered one of the cornerstones in modern Bengali literature,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> his works are characterized by non-violence, realistic storylines, family drama, and humor styles. In recognition of the works of Humayun, The Times of India wrote, "Humayun was a custodian of the Bangladeshi literary culture whose contribution single-handedly shifted the capital of Bengali literature from Kolkata to Dhaka without any war or revolution." and entitled him "The Shakespeare of Bangladesh".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sunil Gangopadhyay described him as the most popular writer in the Bengali language for a century, and according to him (Sunil), Humayun Ahmed was even more popular than Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Humayun Ahmed's books have been the top sellers at the Ekushey Book Fair during every year of the 1990s and 2000s.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He won the National Film Awards a record seven times in directing, screenplay and story for the films Ghetuputra Komola, Aguner Poroshmoni, Shonkhonil Karagar, Daruchini Dwip and Anil Bagchir Ekdin. He also won the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1981 and the Ekushey Padak in 1994 for his contribution to the Bengali literature.
Early life and backgroundEdit
Ahmed was born on 13 November 1948, in the Moulvi Bari of Kutubpur in Netrokona mahakuma,<ref name=netrokona group=note>Current Netrokona district region was a mahakuma under Mymensingh District during 1882–1984.</ref> which was then a part of the Mymensingh district of East Bengal in the Dominion of Pakistan (now Bangladesh).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=birth/><ref name=bio>Template:Cite news</ref> His mother, Ayesha Foyez (Template:Nee) (1930–2014), was a housewife.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His father, Faizur Rahman Ahmed (1921–1971), was a sub-divisional police officer in Pirojpur District and was killed in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His grandfather, Azimuddin Ahmed, was the son of the Sufi pir Jahangir Munshi.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Humayun's brother, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, is a writer and academician. Another brother, Ahsan Habib, is a cartoonist. He had three sisters – Sufia Haider, Momtaz Shahid and Rukhsana Ahmed.<ref name=palo>Template:Cite news</ref>
During his childhood, Humayun Ahmed lived in Sylhet, Comilla, Chittagong, Bogra, Dinajpur and where his father was on official assignment.<ref name=bio/>
Education and early careerEdit
Ahmed studied in Chittagong Collegiate School.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He passed the SSC examination from Bogra Zilla School in 1965.<ref name=bio/> He then passed HSC from Dhaka College. Humayun Ahmed earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in Chemistry from the University of Dhaka.<ref name=bio/> He joined as a faculty member of the same university.<ref name=bio/> Later he earned his PhD in polymer chemistry from North Dakota State University. He returned to Bangladesh and taught in the department of chemistry in University of Dhaka for several more years<ref name=bio/>
WorksEdit
NovelsEdit
Ahmed wrote his debut novel Nondito Noroke (In Blissful Hell) during the 1971 Bangladesh independence war while he was a university student.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The novel was published in 1972 by the initiative of writer Ahmed Sofa under Khan Brother's Publishers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> From his very first novel, his themes included the aspirations of average middle-class urban families and portrayed quintessential moments of their lives.<ref name=essential>Template:Cite news</ref> His second novel was Shonkhonil Karagar.<ref name=ekushey2014>Template:Cite news</ref>
Ahmed wrote fictional series featuring recurring characters such as Himu (21 novels), Misir Ali (19 novels and 11 short stories), Shuvro (6 novels)<ref name=ekushey2014/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Other important non-recurring characters are Baker Bhai, Tuni and more. He wrote several novels based on the Bangladesh Liberation War – Aguner Poroshmoni, Matal Hawa, Paap, 1971, Jochona O Jononir Golpo.,<ref name=ekushey2014/> and Deyal. He also wrote many romantic novels including Srabon Megher Din, Badol Diner Prothom Kodom Phool, Noboni, Krishnopoksho, Aj Dupure Tomar Nimontran, and Tumi Amai Dekechhile Chhutir Nimontrane.<ref name=ekushey2014/> His novel Gouripur Junction was translated in nine languages.<ref name=ekushey2014/>
Ahmed wrote autobiographies, Amar Chelebela, Ballpoint, Fountain Pen, Hiji-biji, Hotel Graver Inn, May Flower, Kath Pencil, Lilabotir Mrityu, New York-er Nil Akashe Jhokjhoke Rod and Rong Pencil.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=ekushey2011>Template:Cite news</ref>
Television and filmEdit
Ahmed's first television drama was Prothom Prohor (1983), directed by Nawazish Ali Khan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His first drama serial was Ei Shob Din Ratri (1985). This was followed by the comedy series Bohubrihi (1988), the historical drama series Ayomoy (1988), the urban drama series Kothao Keu Nei (1990), Nokkhotrer Raat (1996), and Aaj Robibar (1999). In addition, he made single episode dramas, most notably Nimful (1997).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Recurring characters in dramas directed and screenplayed by him are Tara Tin Jon and Alauddiner Cherager Doitto.
Ahmed directed films based on his own stories. His first film, Aguner Poroshmoni (1994), based on the Bangladesh Liberation War, won the 19th Bangladesh National Film Awards in a total of eight categories, including the awards for the Best Film and the Best Director.<ref name=married/><ref name=married2/> Another film Shyamal Chhaya (2005) was also based on the same war.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> His last directed film, Ghetuputra Kamola (2012), the story of a teenage boy, was set in the British colonial period.<ref name=fame>Template:Cite news</ref>
Shyamol Chhaya and Ghetuputra Kamola were selected as the Bangladeshi entries for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2006 and 2012 respectively, but were not nominated.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 2009, Ahmed appeared as one of two judges for the reality television music competition show Khude Gaanraj.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Actor Affan Mitul debuted with his drama Nuruddin Swarna Padak. It was produced and directed by Humayun Ahmed himself.
MusicEdit
Ahmed composed around 40 songs which he used in his films and television dramas.<ref name=music>Template:Cite news</ref> The songs were based on the folk music of the north-eastern part of Bangladesh.<ref name=music/> His notable singles include "Ekta Chhilo Shonar Konya", "Pubali Batashey", "O Amar Ural Ponkhi Rey", "Jodi Mon Kadey", "Ke Porailo Amar Chokh-e Kolonko Kajol", "Chadni Poshor Raite Ke Anay Shoron Kore", "Ami Aaj Bhejabo Chokh Somudrer Joley", "Cholona Brishtitey Bhiji", "Channi Poshor Raite Jeno Amar Moron Hoy", "Hablonger Bajarey Giya", "Boroshar Prothom Dine", Thikana Amar Notebook E Ache", "Baje Bongshi", "Aaj Jorir Biye", "Cholo Na Jai", "Chika Maro" and "Konya Nachilo Rey" etc.<ref name="music" /> The songs were rendered by Subir Nandi, Selim Chowdhury, S I Tutul, Meher Afroz Shaon, Sabina Yasmin, Agun, Kuddus Boyati and others.<ref name="music" /> In his most films and TV dramas, the music composer was Maksud Jamil Mintu.
Critical responseEdit
Nobel laureate economist Muhammad Yunus assessed Ahmed's overall impact saying: "Humayun's works are the most profound and most fruitful that literature has experienced since the time of Tagore and Nazrul."<ref name=toi/> Similarly, according to poet Al Mahmud, "one golden age of Bengali literature ended with Tagore and Nazrul and another began with Ahmed".<ref name=toi/> Writer Imdadul Haq Milan considered him to be "the almighty lord of Bengali literature, controlling all their actions and thoughts".<ref name=toi>Template:Cite news</ref> Dawn, Pakistan's oldest and most widely read English-language newspaper, referred to him as the cultural legend of Bangladesh.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Times of India credited Humayun as "the person who single-handedly shifted the capital of Bengali literature from Kolkata to Dhaka".
<ref name=toi /> Sunil Gangopadhyay described him as the most popular writer in the Bengali language for a century<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and according to him, Ahmed was even more popular than Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> However, during his lifetime author Shahriar Kabir dismissed him for "always speaking for the establishment."<ref name=flak/> Literary critic Azfar Hussain said: "I am not surprised he talks like a pro-establishment writer. I find him ignorant."<ref name=flak>Template:Cite news</ref>
ControversyEdit
On 11 May 2012, two chapters of Ahmed's future novel Deyal were published in the daily Prothom Alo.<ref name=deyal>Template:Cite news</ref> 3 days later, Attorney General of Bangladesh Mahbubey Alam drew attention of the High Court on a discrepancy about a detail of the historical event of killing Sheikh Russel in Ahmed's writing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name=deyal/> The court later issued a suo moto rule and asked the authorities to provide Ahmed copies of relevant documents and judgements of the killing case, so that Ahmed could rectify the writing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="deyal"/>
Personal lifeEdit
Ahmed married Gultekin Khan in 1973.<ref name="married">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="married2">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Together they had three daughters, Bipasha Ahmed, Shila Ahmed, Dr. Nova Ahmed and one son, Nuhash Humayun. Shila went on to become a television and film actress, Nova is a professor at the ECE department at North South University, and Nuhash became a writer, film director, and producer.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Bipasha also acted in a supporting role in Nokkhotrer Raat and starred in Mayaboti. On 6 June 2004, Ahmed divorced Gultekin.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He then married actress Meher Afroz Shaon in 2004. He had two sons from the second marriage, Nishad Humayun and Ninith Humayun. He later had a daughter, Lilaboti, who suffered a neonatal death. A lake in Nuhash Palli was named after her.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Ahmed was a Sunni Muslim, and he described the Islamic scholar Muhiuddin Khan as his father figure.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
DeathEdit
Ahmed had open-heart surgery at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore.<ref name="health">Template:Cite news</ref> A few years later, during a routine checkup, doctors found a cancerous tumor in his colon. On 14 September 2011, he was flown to Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York City for treatment.<ref name="health" /> During his stay there, he wrote the novel, Deyal, based on the life of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziaur Rahman after the period of Bangladesh Liberation War.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In January 2011, he was appointed as a senior special adviser of the Bangladesh Mission to the United Nations.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
On 12 May 2012, Ahmed returned to Bangladesh for two weeks.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He died on 19 July 2012, at 11:20pm BST at Bellevue Hospital in New York City.<ref name="na27Jul2012">Template:Cite news</ref> There was some tension in the family over the selection of his burial site, but eventually his estate, Nuhash Palli was selected.<ref name="buried">Template:Cite news</ref>
Nuhash PalliEdit
In 1987, Ahmed founded an estate, Nuhash Palli, named after his son Nuhash, near Pirujali village, 25 km from Gazipur City, in Gazipur District,<ref name="Shazu">Template:Cite news</ref> which grew to cover 40 bigha (approximately 14 acres).<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He would spend much of his time at the estate when he was in Bangladesh. He formed a collection of statues there by local artist Asaduzzaman Khan and another of plants from around the world, particularly medicinal and fruit-bearing trees.<ref name="Shazu" />
Shomudro BilashEdit
In 1988, he bought a property in the island of Saint Martin with ৳16000 ($132.03) and made a seaside residence named, 'Shomudro Bilash'. After his death in 2012, his wife Meher Afroz Shaon got the property handed over to her. She turned the residence into a resort.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Now, the resort can be rented by tourists.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
LegacyEdit
Exim Bank, a commercial bank and Anyadin, an entertainment magazine jointly introduced an award program, Humayun Ahmed Sahitya Puruskar, which would be conferred to two writers every year on Ahmed's birth anniversary – 12 November.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Several cinematographic adaptations of Ahmed's stories are made after his death. Anil Bagchir Ekdin (2015), directed by Morshedul Islam, won six Bangladesh National Film Awards.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Krishnopokkho (2016) was directed by Meher Afroz Shaon.<ref name="krishno">Template:Cite news</ref> In October 2016, she announced the production of her next film based on Nokkhotrer Raat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Debi (2018) is produced by a grant from the Government of Bangladesh.<ref name="devi">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
FilmographyEdit
BibliographyEdit
Template:More citations needed section
- In Bengali
- In English
- 1971: A Novel<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- In Blissful Hell<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Flowers of Flame<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
- Gouripur Junction<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
TranslationsEdit
AwardsEdit
- Lekhak Shibir Prize (1973)
- Bangla Academy Literary Award (1981)
- Shishu Academy Award
- Zainul Abedin Gold Medal
- Michael Madhusudan Medal (1987)
- Bachsas Award for Best Story (1988)
- Humayun Qadir Memorial Prize (1990)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story (1994)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film (1994)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue (1994)
- Ekushey Padak (1994)
- Sheltech Award (2007)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay (2007)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director (2012)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay (2012)
- Meril-Prothom Alo Award for best director (2013)
- Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue (2015)<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
ReferencesEdit
Footnotes Template:Reflist
Citations Template:Reflist
Further readingEdit
- {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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- Dhaka Universities page on Humayun Ahmed <ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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External linksEdit
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