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Sunil Gangopadhyay

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Sunil Gangopadhyay or Sunil Ganguly<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> (September 7, 1934 – October 23, 2012)<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78" /> was an Indian poet, novelist, short story writer, and critic.<ref name=":0">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay LOC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He played a key role in modernizing Bengali poetry and co-founded the 1953 avant-grade poetry magazine Krittibas.<ref name=":02">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name=":0" /> Widely regarded as one of the most prolific Bengali writers since Rabindranath Tagore, he has been called "the man who carried the modern consciousness of Bengal."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

His debut novel, Atmaprakash (1964), established him as a novelist and was followed by Aranyer Din Ratri. Both were fictionalized account of real-life events. Sei Somoy, a work of historical fiction, marked a major departure from his earlier semi-autobiographical style and was later followed by its sequel, Pratham Alo (1996).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> His magnum opus, Purba Paschim, dealt with the partition of Bengal. Among his other notable works are the travelogue Payer Tolay Sorshe, published in two volumes, and the poetry collections Eka ebong Koekjon (1958), Ami Ki Rokom Vabe Beche Achi (1966), and Hathat Nirar Janya.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The last title refers to his fictional lover, Nira.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> For children, he created Kakababu, writing 36 novels in the series. He also wrote extensively for Desh magazine and claimed to have written more prose for it than any other writer.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Among others awards, he received the 1985 Sahitya Akademi Award for Those Days (Sei Somoy).<ref name="VanitaKidwai200122">Template:Cite book</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Among the films adapted from Sunil's works are, Aranyer Din Ratri and Pratidwandi (both 1970),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Sabuj Dwiper Raja (1979), Ek Tukro Chand (2001), Mishawr Rawhoshyo (2013), Yeti Obhijaan (2017), and Kakababur Protyaborton (2022). In 2008, he was elected president of Sahitya Akademi, narrowly defeating the Malayalam writer M.T. Vasudevan Nair.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

His simple, clear and conversational approach to prose with dry humor has inspired writers in Bengal and beyond.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Shankha Ghosh noted that Sunil’s use of contemporary language let readers see parts of themselves they may have not seen," or "perhaps did not want to see." By doing so, he transformed personal confessions into shared experiences.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to Sitanshu Yashaschandra, Sunil never abandoned the personal for the regional, nor did he forsake his "Bengaliness" to seek a broader identity. "He is a writer of international stature, simply because he is a writer, such a good writer," he wrote. <ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

Early lifeEdit

He was born in Madaripur in a Bengali Hindu family which is now in Bangladesh. At an early age, he moved to Kolkata from his ancestral town, which became part of East Pakistan after the 1947 Partition of India. He studied at the Surendranath College, Dum Dum Motijheel College, City College, Kolkata – all affiliated with the University of Calcutta. Thereafter, he obtained his master's degree in Bengali from the University of Calcutta in 1954.<ref name="Spouse and children of Gangopadhyay" />

He married Swati Banerjee on 26 February 1967. Their only son, Souvik, who stays in Boston, was born on 20 November 1967.<ref name="Spouse and children of Gangopadhyay" />

Literary careerEdit

KrittibasEdit

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File:Sunil Gangopadhyay at Krittibas stall in Nandan.jpg
Sunil at the Krittibas stall in Nandan

In 1953, he co-founded the influential avant-grade Bengali magazine Krittibas with Deepak Majumder and Ananda Bagchi. As its editor, he transformed the magazine into a platform for a new generation of poets who experimented with innovative themes, rhythms, and language.<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78" /><ref name="Bengal's literary chameleon" />

Other worksEdit

Later, he started writing for various publications of the Ananda Bazar group, a major publishing house in Kolkata and has been continuing it for many years.<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78" /> He became a friend of the beat poet Allen Ginsberg while he was travelling in India. Ginsberg mentioned Gangopadhyay most notedly in his poem "September on Jessore Road." Gangopadhyay in return mentioned Ginsberg in some of his prose work. After serving five years as the Vice President, he was elected the President of the Sahitya Akademi on 20 February 2008.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Sunil, along with Tarun Sanyal, Jyotirmoy Datta and Satrajit Dutta had volunteered to be defence witnesses in the famous trial of Hungry generation movement poet Malay Roy Choudhury.<ref name="Indian and Foreign Review">Template:Cite book</ref>

WorksEdit

File:Sunil Gangopadhyay taken by Ragib.jpg
Gangopadhyay in 2006

Author of well over 200 books,<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78" /> Sunil was a prolific writer who has excelled in different genres but declares poetry to be his "first love".<ref name="Bengal's literary chameleon">Template:Cite news</ref> His Nikhilesh and Neera series of poems (some of which have been translated as For You, Neera and Murmur in the Woods) have been extremely popular.

As in poetry, Sunil was known for his unique style in prose. His first novel was "Atmaprakash" and it was also the first writing from a newcomer in literature published in the prestigious magazine – Desh (1965).<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay dies BD News" /> It was critically acclaimed but some controversy arose for its aggressive and 'obscene' style. Sunil said that he was afraid of this novel and went away from Calcutta for a few days.Template:Citation needed. In an interview session with acclaimed film director Rituparno Ghosh, Sunil Gangopadhyay said that before his marriage, his brother in law after reading the novel 'Atmaprakash' was shocked and thought that Sunil Gangopadhyay was not a good match for his sister. Satyajit Ray thought to make a film on it but it wasn't possible for reasons. The central character of Atmaprakash is a young man of core-calcutta'- Sunil, who leads a bohemian life-style. The novel had inspiration from "On the road" by Jack Kerouac, the beat generation writer. His historical fiction Sei Somoy (translated into English by Aruna Chakravorty as Those Days) received the Indian Sahitya Akademi award in 1985. Sei Somoy continues to be a best seller more than two decades after its first publication.Template:Citation needed The same is true for Prothom Alo (also translated recently by Aruna Chakravorty as First Light), another best selling historical fiction and Poorba-Pashchim, a raw depiction of the partition and its aftermath seen through the eyes of three generations of Bengalis in West Bengal, Bangladesh and elsewhere. He is also the winner of the Bankim Puraskar (1982), and the Ananda Puraskar (twice, in 1972 and 1989).

File:Sunil Gangopadhyay giving autographs to his fans in Kolkata Book Fair 2010 by Piyal Kundu.JPG
Sunil Gangopadhyay giving autographs to his fans in Kolkata Book Fair 2010

Sunil wrote in many other genres including travelogues, children's fiction, short stories, features, and essays. Among his pen-names are: Nil Lohit, Sanatan Pathak, and Nil Upadhyay.<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78" />

Though he wrote all types of children's fiction, one character created by him that stands out above the rest, was Kakababu, the crippled adventurist, accompanied by his young adult nephew Santu, and his friend Jojo. Since 1974, Sunil Gangopadhyay wrote over 35 novels of this popular series, most of which appeared in Anandamela magazine.

Adaptations of his literary worksEdit

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  • Yugantar, an Indian television series that aired on DD National in the 80s was based on Gangopadhyay's novel Sei Somoy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DeathEdit

Sunil Gangopadhyay died at 2:05 a.m.Template:Cn  on 23 October 2012 at his South Kolkata residence, following a major cardiac arrest.<ref name="Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay dies of a heart attack at 78">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Eminent litterateur Sunil Gangopadhyay passes away at his Kolkata residence">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was suffering from prostate cancer for some time and went to Mumbai for treatment. He returned to Kolkata on the day of Mahalaya.<ref name="Amaratwa ke tachhilya korte chaiten tini">Template:Cite news</ref> Although he was a communist and an atheist. Controversially, Gangopadhyay's body was cremated following Hindu custom on 25 October at Keoratola crematorium with several dignitaries and numerous fans paying their last tributes. Ganguly was not a Hindu or Muslim but a committed atheist.<ref name="The discovery of utility in death">Template:Cite news</ref>

Pranab Mukherjee, the then-President of India, condoled the death of Gangopadhyay saying:<ref name="Eminent litterateur Sunil Gangopadhyay passes away at his Kolkata residence" />

Gangopadhyay had enriched Bengali literature through his unique style. He was one of the best intellectuals among his contemporaries. The vacuum created by his death cannot be filled.

Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, the former Chief Minister of West Bengal a

ControversiesEdit

  • In 1970, Satyajit Ray's film Pratidwandi, based on the novel of same name by Gangopadhyay, depicted how a poor nurse used to entertain men for some moolah. This arose controversy and nurses across the city of Kolkata protested against such depiction.<ref name="The freedom song">Template:Cite news</ref>
  • In 2006 novel Ardhek Jibon, he expressed his carnal desire for Hindu goddess Saraswati created some controversies. A retired IPS officer lodged a case against Gangopadhyay in the Calcutta High Court. Against this controversy Gangpadhyay felt– he had no freedom to express what he felt. Another Bengali writer Buddhadeb Guha found this a cheap gimmick and he told– "I don't support such cheap gimmicks. An author should set an example for the younger generations. If an author thinks it's cool to say that he loves to booze and enjoys going to Sonagachhi, then this only speaks poorly of him."<ref name="The freedom song" />
  • In September 2012, Bangladeshi author Taslima Nasreen accused Sunil Gangopadhyay of sexually harassing her and other women. She also alleged that Gangopadhyay was involved in banning her novel Dwikhandito and her "banishment" from West Bengal.<ref name="Taslima Nasreen accuses author Sunil Gangopadhyay of sexual harassment">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Taslima tweets: Sunil molested me">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Sunil denied the allegation and joked to Subodh Sarkar on his last birthday, "Look, Sunil is dwikhandito (cut in two)." His wife, Swati, backed him as well.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

List of major worksEdit

Poetry or PoemsEdit

  • Hathat Nirar Janya<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay dies BD News">Template:Cite newsTemplate:Dead link</ref>
  • Bhorbelar Upohar
  • Sada Prishtha tomar sange
  • Sei Muhurte Nira
  • Kaydata Shikhe Nebe
  • Jodi Nirbason Dao
  • Pagol Kota

NovelsEdit

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  • Atmaprakash (1964)<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay dies BD News" />
  • Sonali Dukkho
  • Chaya Darshon
  • Anno Jiboner Shad
  • Shopno Somvob
  • Suniler Satdin
  • Rani O Obinash
  • Kothay Alo
  • Sudur Jhornar Jole
  • Jol Jongoler Kabbo
  • Ekti Rat Tinti Jibon
  • Jomoj Kahini
  • Madhu Kahini
  • Otyagsahan
  • Gonesh Diye Shuru
  • Unmochoner Muhurte
  • Adhar Raater Atithi
  • Aakash Paatal
  • Asroy
  • Alpona Aar Shikha
  • Achena Manush
  • Aamar Swapna
  • Nadir pare khela
  • Satyer Aral
  • Eka Ebong Koyekjon
  • Sei Somoy
  • Pratham Alo
  • Poorba-Pashchim
  • Hirok Deepthi
  • Nihsanga Samrat (2005)
  • Moner Manus (2008)
  • Bosudha o tar meye (2010)
  • Saraswati-r pa-er kacche (2012)
  • Radha Krishna (2015)
  • Jibon J Rokom
  • Payer Tolay Sorshe

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AutobiographyEdit

  • Ardhek Jibon
  • Chabir Deshe, Kabitar Deshe

TravelogueEdit

  • "Bijone Nijer Sathe"
  • "Amader Choto Nadee"
  • "Tin Samudro Satash Nadee"

"Kakababu" seriesEdit

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Translated booksEdit

  • First Light<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:ISBN

  • Those days<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Template:ISBN
  • East-West<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Penguin Books India
  • The Lovers and other stories<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Template:ISBN
  • Pratidwandi<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Template:ISBN
  • Murmur in the Woods<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Template:ISBN
  • The Youth<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Template:ISBN
  • Ranu O Bhanu<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Translated by Sheila Sengupta
  • The Lonely Monarch<ref name="Translated Books of Sunil Gangopadhyay" /> Translated by Swapna Dutta, Template:ISBN
  • Blood<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Translated by Debali Mookerjea-Leonard

Awards and honoursEdit

AwardsEdit

  • 1972: Ananda Puraskar in general category<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 1979: "National poet" honour was given by Akashbani Kolkata<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 1983: Bankim Puraskar for the book Sei Somoy<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Eminent Litterateur Sunil Gangopadhyay Dead OLI">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • 1984: Sahitya Akademi Award for the book Sei Somoy<ref name="Eminent Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay passes away">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />

  • 1989: Ananda Puraskar for the book Poorba-Pashchim<ref name="Eminent Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay passes away" /><ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" /><ref name="Eminent Litterateur Sunil Gangopadhyay Dead OLI" />
  • 1989: Sahitya Setu puroskar<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 1999: Annada-Snowcem puroska for the story Nil Lohiter Golpo<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 2003: Annadashankar puroskar<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 2004: Saraswati Samman for Prothom Alo<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 2011: The Hindu Literary Prize, shortlist, The Fakir<ref name="Eminent Bengali writer Sunil Gangopadhyay passes away" /><ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />
  • 2012: Sera Bangali Lifetime Achievement Award by Star Ananda<ref name="Sunil Gangopadhyay awards" />

HonorsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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