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ICalendar

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The Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar) is a media type which allows users to store and exchange calendaring and scheduling information such as events, to-dos, journal entries, and free/busy information,<ref name=":0">Template:Cite IETF</ref> and together with its associated standards has been a cornerstone of the standardization and interoperability of digital calendars across different vendors. Files formatted according to the specification usually have an extension of Template:Mono. With supporting software, such as an email reader or calendar application, recipients of an iCalendar data file can respond to the sender easily or counter-propose another meeting date/time. The file format is specified in a proposed Internet standard (RFC 5545) for calendar data exchange. The standard and file type are sometimes referred to as "iCal", which was the name of the Apple Inc. calendar program until 2012 (see iCal), which provides one of the implementations of the standard.

iCalendar is used and supported by many products, including:

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It is partially supported by Microsoft Outlook and Novell GroupWise.

iCalendar is designed to be independent of the transport protocol. For example, certain events can be sent by traditional email or whole calendar files can be shared and edited by using a WebDav server, or SyncML. Simple web servers (using just the HTTP protocol) are often used to distribute iCalendar data about an event and to publish busy times of an individual. Publishers can embed iCalendar data in web pages using hCalendar, a 1:1 microformat representation of iCalendar in semantic (X)HTML.

HistoryEdit

File:ICalendarSpecification.png
iCalendar components and their properties

iCalendar was created in 1998<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> by the Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force, chaired by Anik Ganguly of Open Text Corporation, and was authored by Frank Dawson of Lotus Development Corporation and Derik Stenerson of Microsoft Corporation. iCalendar data files are plain text files with the extension Template:Mono or Template:Mono (for files containing availability information only). RFC 5545 replaced RFC 2445 in September 2009 and now defines the standard.

iCalendar is heavily based on the earlier vCalendar by the Internet Mail Consortium (IMC) which has the Template:Mono file extension.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After iCalendar was released, the Internet Mail Consortium stated that it "hopes that all vCalendar developers take advantage of these new open standards and make their software compatible with both vCalendar 1.0 and iCalendar."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The memo "Calendar Access Protocol" (RFC 4324) was an initial attempt at a universal system to create real-time calendars, but was eventually abandoned. Instead, iCalendar saw some adoption for such purposes with ad hoc extensions such as GroupDAV and CalDAV emerging as informal standards and seeing some adoption in both client and server software packages.

A first effort to simplify iCalendar standards by the IETF "Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group" (ietf-calsify WG) ended in January 2011 without seeing adoption.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The work was then picked up by the "Calendaring Extensions Working Group" (ietf-calext WG).<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DesignEdit

iCalendar data have the MIME content type <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">text/calendar</syntaxhighlight>. The filename extension of Template:Mono is to be used for files containing calendaring and scheduling information, Template:Mono for files with free or busy time information consistent with this MIME content type. The equivalent file type codes in Apple Macintosh operating system environments are Template:Mono and Template:Mono.

By default, iCalendar uses the UTF-8 character set; a different character set can be specified using the "charset" MIME parameter (if the transport method used supports MIME, such as Email or HTTP). Each line is terminated by CR+LF (in hexadecimal: Template:Mono). Lines should be limited to 75 octets (not characters) long. Where a data item is too long to fit on a single line it can be continued on following lines by starting the continuation lines with a space character (in hex: 20) or a tab character (in hex: 09). Actual line feeds in data items are encoded as a backslash followed by the letter n or N (the bytes Template:Mono or Template:Mono in UTF-8).

The iCalendar format is designed to transmit calendar-based data, such as events, and intentionally does not describe what to do with that data. Thus, other programming may be needed to negotiate what to do with this data. A companion standard, "iCalendar Transport-Independent Interoperability" (iTIP) (RFC 2446), defines a protocol for exchanging iCalendar objects for collaborative calendaring and scheduling between "Calendar Users" (CUs) facilitated by an "Organizer" initiating the exchange of data. This standard defines methods such as <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">PUBLISH</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">REQUEST</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">REPLY</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">ADD</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">CANCEL</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">REFRESH</syntaxhighlight>, <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">COUNTER</syntaxhighlight> (to negotiate a change in the entry), and <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">DECLINE-COUNTER</syntaxhighlight> (to decline the counter-proposal). Another companion standard, "iCalendar Message-based Interoperability Protocol (iMIP)" (RFC 2447), defines a standard method for implementing iTIP on standard Internet email-based transports. The "Guide to Internet Calendaring" (RFC 3283) explains how iCalendar interacts with other calendar computer language (current and future).

The top-level element in iCalendar is the Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object, a collection of calendar and scheduling information. Typically, this information will consist of a single iCalendar object. However, multiple iCalendar objects can be grouped together. The first line must be <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">BEGIN:VCALENDAR</syntaxhighlight>, and the last line must be <syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">END:VCALENDAR</syntaxhighlight>; the contents between these lines is called the "icalbody". The body must include the "Template:Mono" and "Template:Mono" calendar properties. In addition, it must include at least one calendar component.<ref>Template:Cite IETF</ref>

<syntaxhighlight lang="text" class="" style="" inline="1">VERSION:1.0</syntaxhighlight> is used to specify that data is in the old vCalendar format. Template:Mono is 2.0 for the current iCalendar format as of 2016.

The body of the iCalendar object (the icalbody) contains single-line Calendar Properties that apply to the entire calendar, as well as one or more blocks of multiple lines that each define a Calendar Component such as an event, journal entry, alarm, or one of several other types. Here is a simple example of an iCalendar object with a single calendar containing a single Calendar Component, a "Bastille Day Party" event starting at 5pm on July 14, 1997, and ending at 4am the following morning:<ref>From RFC 2445</ref>

<syntaxhighlight lang="text"> BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//hacksw/handcal//NONSGML v1.0//EN BEGIN:VEVENT UID:[email protected] ORGANIZER;CN=John Doe:MAILTO:[email protected] DTSTAMP:19970701T100000Z DTSTART:19970714T170000Z DTEND:19970715T040000Z SUMMARY:Bastille Day Party GEO:48.85299;2.36885 END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR </syntaxhighlight>

The UID field distributes updates when a scheduled event changes. When the event is first generated a globally unique identifier is created. If a later event is distributed with the same UID, it replaces the original one. An example UID might be [email protected], for the 5th meeting of class 131 in semester 2 at a hypothetical college. Email-style UIDs are now considered bad practice, with a UUID recommended instead.<ref>Template:Cite IETF</ref>

The most common representation of date and time is a tz timestamp such as Template:Mono with the format Template:Mono for a total fixed length of 16 characters. Z indicates the use of UTC (referring to its Zulu time zone).<ref>Template:Cite IETF</ref> When used in Template:Mono and Template:Mono properties, start times are inclusive while end times are not. This allows an event's end time to be the same as a consecutive event's start without those events overlapping and potentially creating (false) scheduling conflicts.<ref>Template:Cite IETF</ref>

Components include:

  • Template:Mono describes an event, which has a scheduled amount of time on a calendar. Normally, when a user accepts the calendar event, this will cause that time to be considered busy, though an event can be set to be Template:Mono to change this interpretation. A Template:Mono may include a Template:Mono which allows an alarm. Such events have a Template:Mono which sets a starting time, and a Template:Mono which sets an ending time. If the calendar event is recurring, Template:Mono sets up the start of the first event.
  • Template:Mono explains a to-do item, i.e., an action-item or assignment. Not all calendar applications recognize Template:Mono items. In particular, Outlook does not export Tasks as Template:Mono items, and ignores Template:Mono items in imported calendars.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • Template:Mono is a journal entry. They attach descriptive text to a particular calendar date, may be used to record a daily record of activities or accomplishments, or describe progress with a related to-do entry. A Template:Mono calendar component does not take up time on a calendar, so it has no effect on free or busy time (just like Template:Mono entries). In practice, few programs support Template:Mono entries.
  • Template:Mono is a request for free/busy time, is a response to a request, or is a published set of busy time.Template:Clarify
  • Other component types include Template:Mono, Template:Mono (time zones) and Template:Mono (alarms). Some components can include other components (Template:Mono is often included in other components). Some components are often defined to support other components defined after them (Template:Mono is often used this way).Template:Clarify

iCalendar is meant to "provide the definition of a common format for openly exchanging calendaring and scheduling information across the Internet". While the features most often used by users are widely supported by iCalendar, some more advanced capabilities have problems. For example, most vendors do not support Journals (Template:Mono). Template:Monos have had conversion problems as well.<ref>CalConnect, 2004</ref>

iCalendar's calendar is also not compatible with some non-Gregorian calendars such as the lunar calendars used in Israel and Saudi Arabia. Although there exist one-to-one mappings between Gregorian and many other calendar scales, the lack of defined Template:Mono values for those calendars and limitations in various date fields can make native support impossible. For example the Hebrew calendar year may contain either 12 or 13 months, and the Japanese Emperor-based calendar scale contains many eras.

ExtensionsEdit

vCalendar and iCalendar support private software extensions, with a "X-" prefix, a number of which are in common usage.

Some of these include:

  • X-RECURRENCE-ID: vCalendar 1.0 extension which mimics the iCalendar 2.0 RECURRENCE-ID (Nokia S60 3rd Edition)
  • X-EPOCAGENDAENTRYTYPE: defines the client calendar type
  • X-FUNAMBOL-AALARMOPTIONS
  • X-FUNAMBOL-ALLDAY: All Day event flag
  • X-MICROSOFT-CDO-ALLDAYEVENT: Microsoft Outlook all day event flag
  • X-MICROSOFT-CDO-BUSYSTATUS: Microsoft Outlook status information
  • X-MICROSOFT-CDO-INTENDEDSTATUS
  • X-WR-CALNAME: The display name of the calendar
  • X-WR-CALDESC: A description of the calendar
  • X-WR-RELCALID: A globally unique identifier for the calendar<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

  • X-WR-TIMEZONE
  • X-PUBLISHED-TTL: Recommended update interval for subscription to the calendar
  • X-ALT-DESC: Used to include HTML markup in an event's description. Standard DESCRIPTION tag should contain non-HTML version.
  • X-FMTTYPE, X-FILEDATE, X-NAME, X-CN, X-STATUS, X-ROLE, X-SENTBY, X-SYMBIAN-DTSTAMP, X-METHOD, X-RECURRENCE-ID, X-EPOCALARM, X-SYMBIAN-LUID, X-EPOCAGENDAENTRYTYPE<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of components, properties, and parametersEdit

Name Kind RFC section (RFC 5545<ref name=":0" />Template:Rp by default) citation CitationClass=web

}}</ref> subsections

VCALENDAR Component 3.4. iCalendar Object 1.1
VEVENT Component 3.6.1. Event Component 1.1.20
VTODO Component 3.6.2. To-Do Component
VJOURNAL Component 3.6.3. Journal Component
VFREEBUSY Component 3.6.4. Free/Busy Component
VTIMEZONE Component 3.6.5. Time Zone Component
STANDARD Component 3.6.5. Time Zone Component 1.1.19.2
DAYLIGHT Component 3.6.5. Time Zone Component 1.1.19.3
VALARM Component 3.6.6. Alarm Component
VAVAILABILITY Component RFC 7953 section 3.1. VAVAILABILITY Component
AVAILABLE Component RFC 7953 section 3.1. VAVAILABILITY Component
PARTICIPANT Component RFC 9073 section 7.1. Participant
VLOCATION Component RFC 9073 section 7.2. Location
VRESOURCE Component RFC 9073 section 7.3. Resource
CALSCALE Property 3.7.1. Calendar Scale
METHOD Property 3.7.2. Method 1.1.1
PRODID Property 3.7.3. Product Identifier 1.1.2
VERSION Property 3.7.4. Version 1.1.3
X-CALEND Property 1.1.4
X-CALSTART Property 1.1.5
X-CLIPEND Property 1.1.6
X-CLIPSTART Property 1.1.7
X-MICROSOFT-CALSCALE Property 1.1.8
X-MS-OLK-FORCEINSPECTOROPEN Property 1.1.9
X-MS-WKHRDAYS Property 1.1.10
X-MS-WKHREND Property 1.1.11
X-MS-WKHRSTART Property 1.1.12
X-OWNER Property 1.1.13
X-PRIMARY-CALENDAR Property 1.1.14
X-PUBLISHED-TTL Property 1.1.15
X-WR-CALDESC Property 1.1.16
X-WR-CALNAME Property 1.1.17
X-WR-RELCALID Property 1.1.18
ATTACH Property 3.8.1.1. Attachment 1.1.20.1
CATEGORIES Property 3.8.1.2. Categories, RFC 7986 section 5.6. CATEGORIES Property 1.1.20.3
CLASS Property 3.8.1.3. Classification 1.1.20.4
COMMENT Property 3.8.1.4. Comment 1.1.20.5
DESCRIPTION Property 3.8.1.5. Description, RFC 7986 section 5.2. DESCRIPTION Property 1.1.20.11, 1.1.20.62.3
GEO Property 3.8.1.6. Geographic Position
LOCATION Property 3.8.1.7. Location 1.1.20.15
PERCENT-COMPLETE Property 3.8.1.8. Percent Complete
PRIORITY Property 3.8.1.9. Priority 1.1.20.17
RESOURCES Property 3.8.1.10. Resources 1.1.20.21
STATUS Property 3.8.1.11. Status 1.1.20.23
SUMMARY Property 3.8.1.12. Summary 1.1.20.24
COMPLETED Property 3.8.2.1. Date-Time Completed
DTEND Property 3.8.2.2. Date-Time End 1.1.20.8
DUE Property 3.8.2.3. Date-Time Due
DTSTART Property 3.8.2.4. Date-Time Start 1.1.19.2.1, 1.1.19.3.1, 1.1.20.10
DURATION Property 3.8.2.5. Duration 1.1.20.12
FREEBUSY Property 3.8.2.6. Free/Busy Time
TRANSP Property 3.8.2.7. Time Transparency 1.1.20.25
TZID Property 3.8.3.1. Time Zone Identifier 1.1.19.1
TZNAME Property 3.8.3.2. Time Zone Name 1.1.19.2.3, 1.1.19.3.3
TZOFFSETFROM Property 3.8.3.3. Time Zone Offset From 1.1.19.2.4, 1.1.19.3.4
TZOFFSETTO Property 3.8.3.4. Time Zone Offset To 1.1.19.2.5, 1.1.19.3.5
TZURL Property 3.8.3.5. Time Zone URL
ATTENDEE Property 3.8.4.1. Attendee 1.1.20.2
CONTACT Property 3.8.4.2. Contact 1.1.20.6
ORGANIZER Property 3.8.4.3. Organizer 1.1.20.16
RECURRENCE-ID Property 3.8.4.4. Recurrence ID 1.1.20.20
RELATED-TO Property 3.8.4.5. Related To, RFC 9253 section 9.1. RELATED-TO
URL Property 3.8.4.6. Uniform Resource Locator, RFC 7986 section 5.5. URL Property
UID Property 3.8.4.7. Unique Identifier, RFC 7986 section 5.3. UID Property 1.1.20.26
EXDATE Property 3.8.5.1. Exception Date-Times 1.1.20.13
RDATE Property 3.8.5.2. Recurrence Date-Times 1.1.20.18
RRULE Property 3.8.5.3. Recurrence Rule 1.1.19.2.2, 1.1.19.3.2, 1.1.20.19
ACTION Property 3.8.6.1. Action 1.1.20.62.2
REPEAT Property 3.8.6.2. Repeat Count
TRIGGER Property 3.8.6.3. Trigger 1.1.20.62.1
CREATED Property 3.8.7.1. Date-Time Created 1.1.20.7
DTSTAMP Property 3.8.7.2. Date-Time Stamp 1.1.20.9
LAST-MODIFIED Property 3.8.7.3. Last Modified, RFC 7986 section 5.4. LAST-MODIFIED Property 1.1.20.14
SEQUENCE Property 3.8.7.4. Sequence Number 1.1.20.22
REQUEST-STATUS Property 3.8.8.3. Request Status
X-ALT-DESC Property 1.1.20.27
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-ALLDAYEVENT Property 1.1.20.28
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-APPT-SEQUENCE Property 1.1.20.29
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-ATTENDEE-CRITICAL-CHANGE Property 1.1.20.30
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-BUSYSTATUS Property 1.1.20.31
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-IMPORTANCE Property 1.1.20.32
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-INSTTYPE Property 1.1.20.33
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-INTENDEDSTATUS Property 1.1.20.34
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-OWNERAPPTID Property 1.1.20.35
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-OWNER-CRITICAL-CHANGE Property 1.1.20.36
X-MICROSOFT-CDO-REPLYTIME Property 1.1.20.37
X-MICROSOFT-DISALLOW-COUNTER Property 1.1.20.38
X-MICROSOFT-EXDATE Property 1.1.20.39
X-MICROSOFT-ISDRAFT Property 1.1.20.40
X-MICROSOFT-MSNCALENDAR-ALLDAYEVENT Property 1.1.20.41
X-MICROSOFT-MSNCALENDAR-BUSYSTATUS Property 1.1.20.42
X-MICROSOFT-MSNCALENDAR-IMPORTANCE Property 1.1.20.43
X-MICROSOFT-MSNCALENDAR-INTENDEDSTATUS Property 1.1.20.44
X-MICROSOFT-RRULE Property 1.1.20.45
X-MS-OLK-ALLOWEXTERNCHECK Property 1.1.20.46
X-MS-OLK-APPTLASTSEQUENCE Property 1.1.20.47
X-MS-OLK-APPTSEQTIME Property 1.1.20.48
X-MS-OLK-AUTOFILLLOCATION Property 1.1.20.49
X-MS-OLK-AUTOSTARTCHECK Property 1.1.20.50
X-MS-OLK-COLLABORATEDOC Property 1.1.20.51
X-MS-OLK-CONFCHECK Property 1.1.20.52
X-MS-OLK-CONFTYPE Property 1.1.20.53
X-MS-OLK-DIRECTORY Property 1.1.20.54
X-MS-OLK-MWSURL Property 1.1.20.55
X-MS-OLK-NETSHOWURL Property 1.1.20.56
X-MS-OLK-ONLINEPASSWORD Property 1.1.20.57
X-MS-OLK-ORGALIAS Property 1.1.20.58
X-MS-OLK-SENDER Property 1.1.20.61
BUSYTYPE Property RFC 7953 section 3.2. Busy Time Type
NAME Property RFC 7986 section 5.1. NAME Property
REFRESH-INTERVAL Property RFC 7986 section 5.7. REFRESH-INTERVAL Property
SOURCE Property RFC 7986 section 5.8. SOURCE Property
COLOR Property RFC 7986 section 5.9. COLOR Property
IMAGE Property RFC 7986 section 5.10. IMAGE Property
CONFERENCE Property RFC 7986 section 5.11. CONFERENCE Property
CALENDAR-ADDRESS Property RFC 9073 section 6.4. Calendar Address
LOCATION-TYPE Property RFC 9073 section 6.1. Location Type
PARTICIPANT-TYPE Property RFC 9073 section 6.2. Participant Type
RESOURCE-TYPE Property RFC 9073 section 6.3. Resource Type
STRUCTURED-DATA Property RFC 9073 section 6.6. Structured-Data
STYLED-DESCRIPTION Property RFC 9073 section 6.5. Styled-Description
ACKNOWLEDGED Property RFC 9074 section 6.1. Acknowledged Property
PROXIMITY Property RFC 9074 section 8.1. Proximity Property
CONCEPT Property RFC 9253 section 8.1. Concept
LINK Property RFC 9253 section 8.2. Link
REFID Property RFC 9253 section 8.3. Refid
ALTREP Parameter 3.2.1. Alternate Text Representation 1.1.20.15.1
CN Parameter 3.2.2. Common Name 1.1.13.1, 1.1.20.2.1, 1.1.20.16.1, 1.1.20.61.1
CUTYPE Parameter 3.2.3. Calendar User Type 1.1.20.2.2
DELEGATED-FROM Parameter 3.2.4. Delegators
DELEGATED-TO Parameter 3.2.5. Delegatees
DIR Parameter 3.2.6. Directory Entry Reference
ENCODING Parameter 3.2.7. Inline Encoding 1.1.20.1.1
FMTTYPE Parameter 3.2.8. Format Type 1.1.20.1.2, 1.1.20.27.1
FBTYPE Parameter 3.2.9. Free/Busy Time Type
LANGUAGE Parameter 3.2.10. Language 1.1.20.11.1, 1.1.20.15.2, 1.1.20.24.1
MEMBER Parameter 3.2.11. Group or List Membership
PARTSTAT Parameter 3.2.12. Participation Status 1.1.20.2.3
RANGE Parameter 3.2.13. Recurrence Identifier Range
RELATED Parameter 3.2.14. Alarm Trigger Relationship
RELTYPE Parameter 3.2.15. Relationship Type, RFC 9074 section 7.1. Relationship Type Property Parameter, RFC 9253 sections 4 and 5
ROLE Parameter 3.2.16. Participation Role 1.1.20.2.4
RSVP Parameter 3.2.17. RSVP Expectation 1.1.20.2.5
SENT-BY Parameter 3.2.18. Sent By
TZID Parameter 3.2.19. Time Zone Identifier 1.1.4.1, 1.1.5.1, 1.1.6.1, 1.1.7.1, 1.1.11.1, 1.1.12.1, 1.1.20.8.1, 1.1.20.9.1, 1.1.20.10.1, 1.1.20.13.1, 1.1.20.18.1, 1.1.20.20.1, 1.1.20.48.1
VALUE Parameter 3.2.20. Value Data Types 1.1.20.1.3, 1.1.20.8.2, 1.1.20.10.2, 1.1.20.13.2, 1.1.20.18.2, 1.1.20.20.2, 1.1.20.39.1, 1.1.20.45.1
X-FILENAME Parameter 1.1.20.1.4
X-MS-OLK-RESPTIME Parameter 1.1.20.2.6
X-MICROSOFT-ISLEAPMONTH Parameter 1.1.20.45.2
DISPLAY Parameter RFC 7986 section 6.1. DISPLAY Property Parameter
EMAIL Parameter RFC 7986 section 6.2. EMAIL Property Parameter
FEATURE Parameter RFC 7986 section 6.3. FEATURE Property Parameter
LABEL Parameter RFC 7986 section 6.4. LABEL Property Parameter
ORDER Parameter RFC 9073 section 5.1. Order
SCHEMA Parameter RFC 9073 section 5.2. Schema
DERIVED Parameter RFC 9073 section 5.3. Derived
GAP Parameter RFC 9253 section 6.2. Gap
LINKREL Parameter RFC 9253 section 6.1. Link Relation

Other representationsEdit

xCal is an XML representation of iCalendar data, as defined in Template:IETF RFC.

jCal is a JSON representation of iCalendar data, as defined in Template:IETF RFC.

hCalendar is an (x)HTML representation of a subset of iCalendar data using microformats.

hEvent is an HTML representation of a subset of iCalendar data using microformats addressing some accessibility concerns with the hCalendar format.

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

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  • {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}: A list of resources for iCalendar and related standards.

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