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Janet Malcolm

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Janet Clara Malcolm (born Jana Klara Wienerová;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> July 8, 1934 – June 16, 2021) was an American writer, staff journalist at The New Yorker magazine, and collagist who fled antisemitic persecution in Nazi-occupied Prague.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She was the author of Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession (1981), In the Freud Archives (1984), and The Journalist and the Murderer (1990). Malcolm wrote frequently about psychoanalysis and explored the relationship between journalist and subject. She was known for her prose style and for polarizing criticism of her profession, especially in her most contentious work, The Journalist and the Murderer, which has become a staple of journalism-school curricula.

Early lifeEdit

Malcolm was born in Prague in 1934, one of two daughters (the other is the author Marie Winn), of Hanna (née Taussig) and Josef Wiener (aka Joseph A. Winn), a psychiatrist.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She resided in New York City after her Jewish family emigrated from Czechoslovakia in 1939, fleeing Nazi persecution of Jews.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073">Template:Cite news</ref> Malcolm was educated at the High School of Music and Art, and then at the University of Michigan,<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> where she wrote for the campus newspaper, The Michigan Daily, and the humor magazine, The Gargoyle, later editing The Gargoyle.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" />

CareerEdit

Malcolm was a literary nonfiction writer known for her prose style and her examination of the relationship between journalist and subject.<ref name="NYTimesObit" /> She began working at The New Yorker in 1963 with women's interest assignments,<ref name="theguardian/2011/malcolm-life">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> writing about holiday shopping and children's books, as well as a column on home decor.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> She next wrote about photography for the magazine.<ref name="salon/2000/malcolm" /> She moved to reporting in 1978, which Malcolm attributed to her smoking cessation in a 2011 profile by Katie Roiphe: "She began to do the dense, idiosyncratic writing she is now known for when she quit smoking in 1978: she couldn't write without cigarettes, so she began reporting a long New Yorker fact piece, on family therapy, called 'The One-Way Mirror.'"<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> Her preference for writing in the first person was influenced by New Yorker colleague Joseph Mitchell, and she developed an interest in the construction of the auctorial subject as much as the objects it described, quickly realizing "this 'I' was a character, just like the other characters. It's a construct. And it's not the person who you are. There's a bit of you in it. But it's a creation. Somewhere I wrote, 'the distinction between the I of the writing and the I of your life is like Superman and Clark Kent.'"<ref name="theguardian/2011/malcolm-life" /> She turned this interest in the construction of narrative to a variety of subjects, including two books about couples (Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes),<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> one on Anton Chekhov,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and another on the true crime genre.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a number of works, she returned repeatedly to the subject of psychoanalysis.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" />

Malcolm was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 2001.<ref name="artsandletters/members">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her papers are held at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library at Yale University, which acquired her archive in 2013.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Psychoanalysis: The Impossible ProfessionEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 1981, Malcolm published a book on the modern psychoanalytic profession, following a psychoanalyst she gave the pseudonym “Aaron Green”. Freud scholar Peter Gay wrote that Malcolm's "witty and wicked Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession has been praised by psychoanalysts (with justice) as a dependable introduction to analytic theory and technique. It has the rare advantage over more solemn texts of being funny as well as informative".<ref>Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Times (London, 1988) p. 763.</ref>

In his 1981 New York Times review, Joseph Edelson wrote that Psychoanalysis: The Impossible Profession "is an artful book", praising Malcolm’s "keen eye for the surfaces — clothing, speech and furniture — that express character and social role" (noting she was then the photography critic for The New Yorker). It succeeds because she has instructed herself so carefully in the technical literature. Above all, it succeeds because she has been able to engage Aaron Green in a simulacrum of the psychoanalytic encounter — he confessing to her, she (I suspect) to him, the two of them joined in an intricate minuet of revelation."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The book was a 1982 National Book Award for Nonfiction finalist.<ref name="national-book/malcolm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the Freud Archives and the Masson caseEdit

Articles Malcolm published in The New Yorker and in her subsequent book In The Freud Archives (1984) offered, according to the book's dust jacket, "the narrative of an unlikely, tragic/comic encounter among three men." They were psychoanalyst Kurt R. Eissler, psychoanalyst Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, and independent Freud scholar Peter J. Swales. The book triggered a legal challenge by Masson, the former project director for the Sigmund Freud Archives.<ref name="theguardian/2011/malcolm-life" /> In his 1984 lawsuit, Masson claimed that Malcolm had libeled him by fabricating quotations she attributed to him.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In August 1989, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco agreed with a lower court in dismissing a libel lawsuit that Masson had filed against Malcolm, The New Yorker and Alfred A. Knopf.<ref name="wapo/1989/08/05/libel-suit-dis">Template:Cite news</ref>

Malcolm claimed that Masson had called himself an "intellectual gigolo". She also claimed that he said he wanted to turn the Freud estate into a haven of "sex, women, and fun" and claimed that he was, "after Freud, the greatest analyst that ever lived."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Malcolm was unable to produce all the disputed material on tape.<ref name="salon/2000/malcolm" /> The case was partially adjudicated before the Supreme Court, which held that the case could go forward for trial by jury.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

After a decade of proceedings, a jury finally decided in Malcolm's favor on November 2, 1994 on the grounds that, whether or not the quotations were genuine, more evidence would be needed to rule against Malcolm.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In August 1995, Malcolm said that she had discovered a misplaced notebook containing three of the disputed quotes,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> swearing "an affidavit under penalty of perjury that the notes were genuine."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Journalist and the MurdererEdit

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Malcolm's 1990 book The Journalist and the Murderer begins with the thesis: "Every journalist who is not too stupid or too full of himself to notice what is going on knows that what he does is morally indefensible."<ref>Malcolm, Janet, The Journalist and the Murderer, New York: Knopf, 1990.</ref>

Her example was the popular nonfiction writer Joe McGinniss. While researching his true crime book Fatal Vision, McGinniss lived with the defense team of doctor Jeffrey MacDonald while MacDonald was on trial for the murders of his two daughters and pregnant wife. In Malcolm’s reporting, McGinniss quickly arrived at the conclusion that MacDonald was guilty, but feigned belief in his innocence to gain MacDonald’s trust and access to the story—ultimately being sued by MacDonald over the deception.<ref name="NYTimesObit" />

Malcolm's book created a sensation when in March 1989 it appeared in two parts in The New Yorker magazine.<ref>Scardino, Albert, The New York Times. "Ethic, Reporters and The New Yorker", March 21. 1989. "Janet Malcolm, a staff writer for The New Yorker, returned her magazine to the center of the long-running debate over ethics in journalism this month ... Her declarations provoked outrage among authors, reporters and editors, who rushed last week to distinguish themselves from the journalists Miss Malcolm was describing."</ref> Roundly criticized upon first publication,<ref>See Friendly, Fred W., The New York Times Book Review, "Was Trust Betrayed?", February 25, 1990, and Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher, The New York Times, "Deception and Journalism: How Far to Go for the Story", February 22, 1990.</ref> the book is still controversial, although it has come to be regarded as a classic, routinely assigned to journalism students.<ref name="cjr/2003/McCollum-Silent">McCollum, Douglas, Columbia Journalism Review, "You Have The Right to Remain Silent", January, February 2003.</ref><ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /><ref name="NYTimesObit" /> It ranks ninety-seventh in The Modern Library's list of the twentieth century's "100 Best Works of Nonfiction".<ref>Modern Library: 100 Best Nonfiction</ref> Douglas McCollum wrote in the Columbia Journalism Review, "In the decade after Malcolm's essay appeared, her once controversial theory became received wisdom."<ref name="cjr/2003/McCollum-Silent" />

Further booksEdit

In the posthumously published Still Pictures: On Photography and Memory, Malcolm writes autobiographical sketches, starting the chapters from family photographs.<ref name="nytimes/review/still-pictures">Template:Cite news</ref>

ReceptionEdit

Malcolm's penchant for controversial subjects and tendency to insert her views into the narrative brought her both admirers and critics. "Leaning heavily on the techniques of psychoanalysis, she probes not only actions and reactions but motivations and intent; she pursues literary analysis like a crime drama and courtroom battles like novels," wrote Cara Parks in The New Republic in April 2013. Parks praised Malcolm's "intensely intellectual style" as well as her "sharpness and creativity."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

In Esquire, Tom Junod characterized Malcolm as "a self-hater whose work has managed to speak for the self-hatred (not to mention the class issues) of a profession that has designs on being 'one of the professions' but never will be." Junod found her to be devoid of "journalistic sympathy" and observed: "Very few journalists are more animated by malice than Janet Malcolm.”<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Junod himself, however, has been criticized for a number of journalistic duplicities, including a smirking piece in Esquire which outed the actor Kevin Spacey,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> as well as a similarly homophobic faux profile of the singer Michael Stipe.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Katie Roiphe summarized the tension between these polarized views, writing in 2011, "Malcolm's work, then, occupies that strange glittering territory between controversy and the establishment: she is both a grande dame of journalism, and still, somehow, its enfant terrible."<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" />

Charles Finch wrote in 2023 "it seems safe to say that the two most important long-form journalists this country produced in the second half of the last century were Joan Didion and Janet Malcolm."<ref name="nytimes/review/still-pictures" />

Personal lifeEdit

Malcolm met her first husband, Donald Malcolm,<ref name="salon/2000/malcolm">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> at the University of Michigan. After graduation, they moved to Washington, D.C., where Malcolm occasionally reviewed books for The New Republic before returning to New York.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> Donald reviewed books for The New Yorker in the 1950s and 1960s<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and served as a theater critic.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> They had a daughter, Anne, in 1963.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> Donald Malcolm died in 1975.<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" />

Malcolm's second husband was long-time New Yorker editor Gardner Botsford,<ref name="paris-review/interview/6073" /> a member of the family that had originally funded The New Yorker.<ref name="salon/2000/malcolm" /> The author of A Life of Privilege, Mostly: A Memoir,<ref>St. Martin's Press, 2003.</ref> Botsford died at age 87 in September 2004.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

DeathEdit

On June 16, 2021, Janet Malcolm died of lung cancer at the age of 86 at a Manhattan hospital.<ref name="NYTimesObit">Template:Cite news</ref>

WorksEdit

Non-fictionEdit

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Essay collectionsEdit

PhotographyEdit

As editorEdit

  • Chekhov, Anton (2018). The Lady with the Little Dog and Other Stories. Translated by Constance Garnett; selected, with a preface by Janet Malcolm. riverrun.
  • — (2020). The Duel and other stories. Translated by Constance Garnett; selected, with a preface by Janet Malcolm. riverrun.
  • — (2020). Ward No. 6 and other stories. Translated by Constance Garnett; selected, with a preface by Janet Malcolm. riverrun.

Awards and honorsEdit

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ReferencesEdit

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Further readingEdit

External linksEdit

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