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Lanao del Sur (Template:Langx; Meranaw and Template:Langx; Jawi (Batang Arab): Template:Script/Arabic), officially the Province of Lanao del Sur, is a province in the Philippines located in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). The capital is the city of Marawi (the most populous in the province), and it borders Lanao del Norte to the north, Bukidnon to the east, and Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato to the south. To the southwest lies Illana Bay, an arm of the Moro Gulf.

Situated in the interior of Lanao del Sur is Lake Lanao, the largest lake in Mindanao.

EtymologyEdit

"Lanao" means "lake", derived from ranao. The province, situated at basin of Lake Lanao, is known as the land of the "Maranaos" (which means "the "people of the lake").<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur>Template:Cite book</ref>

HistoryEdit

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Early historyEdit

Prior to the arrival of Islam, the region already had a sophisticated culture, as embodied in various Maranao epics, chants, and recorded history. The people of Lanao used to adhere to Hinduism, polytheist animism, and Buddhism. During this era, various cultural icons developed, such as the torogan, the singkil dance, the darangen epic, the unique Maranao gong and metal craft culture, the sarimanok, the okir motif, and an indigenous suyat script.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Spanish colonizationEdit

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Lanao was first explored by the Spaniards in 1689, upon which they discovered a well-settled community named Dansalan at the lake's northern end. Lanao was the seat of the Sultanate of Lanao.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur />

During the Pre-Spanish time, there were 4 important boundaries which held the power of appointing a new sultan namely: Bakayawan, Dalama, Madamba and Sawer. In appointing a new sultan the permission of these four boundaries are needed to validate the new sultan appointed to his position.

Japanese occupationEdit

In 1942, it was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Forces who landed in Southern Lanao. On May 2, 1942, the former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines José Abad Santos was killed by the Japanese Imperial forces in a firing squad at Malabang, Lanao del Sur. In 1945, the first of the liberation forces landed in Southern Lanao and liberated the area with United States, Philippine Commonwealth troops together with the Maranao guerrilla units.Template:Explain They used infantry weapons, the Maranao Kris, Barong and Kampilan swords against the Japanese forces in the Battle of Lanao.

Philippine independenceEdit

In 1956, Republic Act No. 1552 changed the name Dansalan to Marawi, taken from the word rawi, referring to the reclining lilies abundant in the Agus River.<ref name=ChanRobles-RA1552>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

DivisionEdit

In 1959, Lanao was divided into two provinces, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, under Republic Act No. 2228. Marawi was designated as the capital of Lanao del Sur.<ref name=ChanRobles-RA2228>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The city was renamed the "Islamic City of Marawi" in 1980, and is currently the Philippines' only city having a predominantly Muslim population.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur />

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Proposed Maranaw provinceEdit

In 1971, Republic Act No. 6406, which sought to create a new province out of eastern Lanao del Sur (now corresponding to the province's first congressional district), was approved on October 4, 1971. The province was to consist of the municipalities of Bubong, Ditsaan-Ramain (including what is now Buadiposo-Buntong), Kapai, Lumba-Bayabao (including what is now Maguing), Marantao, Masiu, Mulondo, Saguiaran, Piagapo, Poona Bayabao, Tamparan, Taraka and Wao (including what is now Bumbaran), with the chartered city of Marawi serving as the new provincial capital.<ref name=ChanRobles-RA6406>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The division never took place due to the declaration of Martial law in the Philippines on September 21, 1972, which disrupted the elections for 1973.

Inclusion to the ARMMEdit

In a 1989 plebiscite, Lanao del Sur voted to join the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), but the city of Marawi voted to remain outside the ARMM.<ref name="FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur"/> It later joined ARMM in 2001 following the plebiscite that sought to expand the autonomous region.

ContemporaryEdit

The Battle of Marawi began and ended in 2017. The battle was against ISIL-affiliated militants, a number of which were Malaysian citizens. The battle destroyed most of the cityscape of Marawi and killed hundreds of civilians and Filipino soldiers.

A petition was released in support for the usage of the torogan as inspiration for the rehabilation of Marawi after the Battle of Marawi. The petition was released in opposition to the possible Manila Rehabilation Effect that the government plans to impose. The Manila-style rehabilation would establish shanty houses and buildings without Maranao architectural styles, thus destroying Marawi's Maranao cultural skyline. The petition advocates a Warsaw-style Rehabilation Effect, where the culture and styles of a particular area is used as foundation for rehabilitation of built heritage and landscape. Among the local architectural styles that may be used under the Warsaw-style are the okir, sarimanok, and inspirations from the torogan. The Warsaw-style is also foreseen to boost tourism in the city in the long-run due to the cultural aesthetics it would bring.Template:Citation needed

Governors after People Power RevolutionEdit

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GeographyEdit

File:Lake Lanao zoom.jpg
Satellite view of Lanao Lake, situated entirely within the province

Lanao del Sur is bounded on the north by Lanao del Norte, on the east by Bukidnon, on the west by Illana Bay, and on the south by Maguindanao del Norte and Cotabato. The landscape is dominated by rolling hills and valleys, placid lakes and rivers.

Located within the province is Lanao Lake, the second largest in the country, its waters drained by the Agus River which eventually empties into Iligan Bay.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur />

The climate in the province is characterized by even distribution of rainfall throughout the year, without a distinct summer season. The province is located outside the typhoon belt.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur />

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Administrative divisionsEdit

Lanao del Sur comprises 39 municipalities and 1 city.

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City Template:Small municipalityTemplate:Ref label DistrictTemplate:PSGC detail Population Template:PSGC rubric AreaTemplate:PSGC detail Density Template:Abbr CoordinatesTemplate:Ref label
Template:SmallTemplate:PH census Template:SmallTemplate:PH census km2 Template:Nowrap /km2 Template:Nowrap
[[Amai Manabilang, Lanao del Sur|Amai Manabilang Template:Small]] 1st Template:Percent and number 10,401 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 17 Template:Coord
[[Bacolod-Kalawi, Lanao del Sur|Bacolod-Kalawi Template:Small]] 2nd Template:Percent and number 20,841 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 26 Template:Coord
Balabagan 2nd Template:Percent and number 26,819 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 27 Template:Coord
[[Balindong, Lanao del Sur|Balindong Template:Small]] 2nd Template:Percent and number 29,180 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 38 Template:Coord
Bayang 2nd Template:Percent and number 23,965 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 49 Template:Coord
Binidayan 2nd Template:Percent and number 22,079 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 26 Template:Coord
Buadiposo-Buntong 1st Template:Percent and number 16,130 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 33 Template:Coord
Bubong 1st Template:Percent and number 22,336 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 36 Template:Coord
Butig 2nd Template:Percent and number 19,302 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 16 Template:Coord
Calanogas 2nd Template:Percent and number 13,750 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 17 Template:Coord
Ditsaan-Ramain 1st Template:Percent and number 22,299 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 35 Template:Coord
Ganassi 2nd Template:Percent and number 23,016 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 32 Template:Coord
Kapai 1st Template:Percent and number 18,894 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 20 Template:Coord
Kapatagan 2nd Template:Percent and number 15,521 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 15 Template:Coord
[[Lumba-Bayabao, Lanao del Sur|Lumba-Bayabao Template:Small]] 1st Template:Percent and number 36,151 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 38 Template:Coord
Lumbaca-Unayan 2nd Template:Percent and number 7,260 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 9 Template:Coord
Lumbatan 2nd Template:Percent and number 19,105 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 21 Template:Coord
Lumbayanague 2nd Template:Percent and number 16,372 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 22 Template:Coord
Madalum 2nd Template:Percent and number 23,127 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 37 Template:Coord
Madamba 2nd Template:Percent and number 17,756 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 24 Template:Coord
Maguing 1st Template:Percent and number 24,531 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 34 Template:Coord
Malabang 2nd Template:Percent and number 43,957 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 37 Template:Coord
Marantao 1st Template:Percent and number 32,974 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 34 Template:Coord
Marawi 1st Template:Percent and number 201,785 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 98 Template:Coord
Marogong 2nd Template:Percent and number 21,319 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 24 Template:Coord
Masiu 1st Template:Percent and number 29,176 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 35 Template:Coord
Mulondo 1st Template:Percent and number 16,067 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 26 Template:Coord
[[Pagayawan, Lanao del Sur|Pagayawan Template:Small]] 2nd Template:Percent and number 13,139 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 18 Template:Coord
Piagapo 1st Template:Percent and number 25,440 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 37 Template:Coord
[[Picong, Lanao del Sur|Picong Template:Small]] 2nd Template:Percent and number 16,615 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 19 Template:Coord
[[Poona Bayabao, Lanao del Sur|Poona Bayabao Template:Small]] 1st Template:Percent and number 22,227 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 25 Template:Coord
Pualas 2nd Template:Percent and number 12,866 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 23 Template:Coord
Saguiaran 1st Template:Percent and number 24,619 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 30 Template:Coord
Sultan Dumalondong 2nd Template:Percent and number 11,298 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 7 Template:Coord
Tagoloan 1st Template:Percent and number 11,169 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 19 Template:Coord
Tamparan 1st Template:Percent and number 25,874 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 44 Template:Coord
Taraka 1st Template:Percent and number 23,644 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 43 Template:Coord
Tubaran 2nd Template:Percent and number 14,749 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 21 Template:Coord
Tugaya 2nd Template:Percent and number 23,814 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 23 Template:Coord
Wao 1st Template:Percent and number 45,862 Template:PAGR Template:Convert Template:Convert 26 Template:Coord
Total 1,195,518 1,045,429 Template:PAGR 13,494.37 Template:Convert Template:Sigfig Template:Convert 1,159 Template:Small

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DemographicsEdit

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The population of Lanao del Sur in the 2020 census was 1,195,518 people,Template:PH census with a density of Template:Convert.

The majority of people in the province are Maranaos,<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur /> while some are Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Hiligaynons, Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Maguindanaons, Iranuns, Higaonons, Zamboangueños, Tausugs, Yakans, and Sama.

Maranao is the most commonly spoken language in the province.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur /> Iranun is the native language of most of the inhabitants of the municipality of Kapatagan. Also spoken are Maguindanao, Cebuano, and Chavacano followed by Tagalog and English. Minority languages such as Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Higaonon are also spoken

ReligionEdit

Template:Bar box Most of the people of Lanao del Sur are practitioners of Islam.<ref name=FastFactsPhilProv-LanaodelSur /> The majority of them are Sunni. The number of Muslims in this province is 1,131,726 or nearly 95% of the total population of the province of Lanao del Sur.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

EconomyEdit

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EducationEdit

  • Mindanao State University, located in Marawi City
  • Mindanao State University – Lanao National College of Arts and Trades, located in Panggao Saduc, Marawi City
  • Jamiatu Muslim Mindanao, located in Matampay, Marawi City
  • Jamiatul Philippine Al-Islamia, located in Bangon, Marawi City
  • RC - Al Khwarizmi International College Foundation, Inc., located in Basak Malutlut, Marawi Template:Citation needed
  • Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation, located in Beyaba Damag, Marawi city

City

HospitalsEdit

Public

Private

  • Dr. Abdullah Hospital Foundation, Inc.
  • Marawi Midtown Hospital
  • Al-Shiek Hospital
  • Sala'am Hospital Foundation, Inc.
  • Ranao Doctors Polyclinic
  • Mindalano Specialist Hospital Foundation, Inc.
  • Hijrah Specialist Hospital, located in Brgy. Marawi Poblacion, Marawi
  • Hijrah Hospital, located in Brgy. Daanaingud, Marantao, Lanao del Sur
  • Tamparan Medical Foundation Inc. Hospital, located in Brgy. Picarabawan, Tamparan, Lanao del Sur

UNESCO Designations in Lanao del SurEdit

UNESCO has inscribed one Maranao element, the Darangen Chants of the Maranao People of Lake Lanao, in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008. The element was earlier inscribed in the UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity Representative List in 2005. The organization has also designated the Old Town of Tugaya as a UNESCO Home for Culture and Heritage. UNESCO has recommended for the nomination of Tugaya and all of Lanao del Sur's traditional crafts heritage in Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, following reports made in 2014 and 2015. The Philippine ambassador to UNESCO and France noted that it will be better to inscribe Maranao's traditional crafts in the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding as they have been endangered due to the 2017 Battle of Marawi. The nomination is being finalized by the Philippine government, as announced in 2018. The torogans of Lanao are also recommended by UNESCO to be nominated in the World Heritage List once proper documentation and restoration has been completed. Two torogans have been bought by a controversial heritage resort company, Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar, and were transported to Bataan, sparking a provincial campaign to get back the two royal houses to their ancestral homeland.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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