Leo Ryan

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}}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}} }}{{#if:|{{#if:||{{#ifeq:{{#ifeq:|no|yes}}|yes||}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Infobox officeholder with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| regexp1 = 1blankname[%d]* | regexp2 = 1namedata[%d]* | regexp3 = 2blankname[%d]* | regexp4 = 2namedata[%d]* | regexp5 = 3blankname[%d]* | regexp6 = 3namedata[%d]* | regexp7 = 4blankname[%d]* | regexp8 = 4namedata[%d]* | regexp9 = 5blankname[%d]* | regexp10 = 5namedata[%d]* | allegiance | alma_mater | regexp11 = alongside[%d]* | alt | regexp12 = ambassador_from[%d]* | regexp13 = appointed[%d]* | regexp14 = appointer[%d]* | regexp15 = assembly[%d]* | awards | battles | battles_label | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | regexp16 = blank[%d]* | bodyclass | branch | branch_label | cabinet | candidate | caption | categories | regexp17 = chancellor[%d]* | children | citizenship | regexp18 = co%-leader[%d]* | commands | committees | regexp19 = constituency[%d]* | regexp20 = constituency_AM[%d]* | regexp21 = constituency_MP[%d]* | regexp22 = convocation[%d]* | regexp23 = country[%d]* | regexp24 = data[%d]* | date | death_cause | death_date | death_manner | death_place | demo | regexp25 = deputy[%d]* | regexp26 = district[%d]* | education | election_date | embed | father | regexp28 = firstminister[%d]* | footnotes | regexp29 = governor[%d]* | regexp30 = governor_general[%d]* | regexp31 = governor%-general[%d]* | height | honorific_prefix | honorific-prefix | honorific_suffix | honorific-suffix | image | image name | image_name_alt | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | incumbent | regexp32 = jr/sr[%d]* | regexp33 = jr/sr and state[%d]* | known_for | regexp34 = leader[%d]* | regexp35 = legislature[%d]* | regexp36 = lieutenant[%d]* | regexp37 = lieutenant_governor[%d]* | mainwidth | regexp38 = majority[%d]* | regexp39 = majority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp40 = majority_leader[%d]* | regexp41 = majorityleader[%d]* | mawards | regexp42 = military_blank[%d]* | regexp43 = military_data[%d]* | regexp44 = minister[%d]* | regexp45 = minister_from[%d]* | regexp46 = minority_floor_leader[%d]* | regexp47 = minority_leader[%d]* | regexp48 = minorityleader[%d]* | regexp49 = module[%d]* | regexp50 = monarch[%d]* | mother | name | nationality | native_name | native_name_lang | nickname | nocat | regexp51 = nominator[%d]* | nominee | occupation | regexp52 = office[%d]* | opponent | regexp53 = order[%d]* | otherparty | parents | regexp54 = parliament[%d]* | regexp55 = parliamentarygroup[%d]* | partner | party | party_election | portfolio | regexp56 = preceded[%d]* | regexp57 = preceding[%d]* | regexp58 = predecessor[%d]* | regexp59 = premier[%d]* | regexp60 = president[%d]* | regexp61 = primeminister[%d]* | regexp62 = prior_term[%d]* | profession | pronunciation | rank | rank_label | relations | relatives | residence | resting_place | resting_place_coordinates | restingplace | restingplacecoordinates | regexp63 = riding[%d]* | runningmate | salary | serviceyears | serviceyears_label | signature | signature_alt | signature_size | smallimage | smallimage_alt | source | speaker | speaker_office | spouse | spouses | regexp64 = state[%d]* | regexp65 = state_assembly[%d]* | regexp66 = state_delegate[%d]* | regexp67 = state_house[%d]* | regexp68 = state_legislature[%d]* | regexp69 = state_senate[%d]* | regexp70 = status[%d]* | regexp71 = suboffice[%d]* | regexp72 = subterm[%d]* | regexp73 = succeeded[%d]* | regexp74 = succeeding[%d]* | regexp75 = successor[%d]* | regexp76 = taoiseach[%d]* | regexp77 = term[%d]* | regexp78 = term_end[%d]* | regexp79 = term_label[%d]* | regexp80 = term_start[%d]* | regexp81 = termend[%d]* | regexp82 = termlabel[%d]* | regexp83 = termstart[%d]* | regexp84 = title[%d]* | unit | unit_label | regexp85 = vicegovernor[%d]* | regexp86 = vicepremier[%d]* | regexp87 = vicepresident[%d]* | regexp88 = viceprimeminister[%d]* | regexp89 = assuming[%d]* | website | width | year }} Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. (May 5, 1925 – November 18, 1978) was an American teacher and Democratic Party politician who represented California's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1973 until his assassination hours before the Jonestown massacre in 1978. Before that, he served in the California State Assembly, representing the state's 27th district.

After the 1965 Watts riots, Ryan took a job as a substitute school teacher to investigate and document conditions in the Los Angeles area. In 1970, he launched an investigation into California prisons. While presiding as chairman of the Assembly committee that oversaw prison reform, he used a pseudonym to enter Folsom State Prison as an inmate. During his time in Congress, Ryan traveled to Newfoundland to investigate the practice of seal hunting. He was also known for his vocal criticism of the lack of congressional oversight of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and co-authored the Hughes–Ryan Amendment, passed in 1974, which requires the president of the United States to report covert CIA activity to Congress.

In 1978, Ryan traveled to Guyana to investigate claims that people were being held against their will at the Peoples Temple Jonestown settlement. He was shot and killed at an airstrip on November 18, as he and his party were attempting to leave. Shortly after the airstrip shootings, 909 members of the Jonestown settlement died in a mass murder–suicide by drinking cyanide-laced Flavor Aid. Ryan was the second sitting member of the U.S. House of Representatives to be assassinated in office, after James M. Hinds in 1868.<ref>Other members of the House of Representatives have been killed while in office, although not as assassination attempts; others have been the target of deliberate assassination attempts, albeit without success to date. See List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office for details.</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} "Thirty-five years later, Ryan remains the only U.S. representative to be killed in the line of duty."</ref>

Ryan was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1983.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Early life and educationEdit

Leo Joseph Ryan Jr. was born in Lincoln, Nebraska.<ref name="congressbio">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> During his early life, his family moved frequently, through Illinois, Florida, New York, Wisconsin, and Massachusetts. Ryan graduated from Campion Jesuit High School in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, in 1943.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He then received V-12 officer training at Bates College and served with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946 as a submariner.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Ryan graduated from Nebraska's Creighton University with a B.A. in 1949 and an M.S. in 1951.<ref name="congressbio" /> He served as a teacher, school administrator and South San Francisco city councilman from 1956 to 1962. He taught English at Capuchino High School, and chaperoned the marching band in 1961 to Washington, D.C., to participate in President John F. Kennedy's inaugural parade.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Ryan was inspired by Kennedy's call to service in his inaugural address and decided to run for higher office.<ref name="simon1998">Template:Cite news</ref>

CareerEdit

File:1973 Congressional Pictorial Leo Ryan.jpg

Official Congressional photo from Ryan's first term as Congressman, 1973

State of CaliforniaEdit

In 1962 Ryan was elected mayor of South San Francisco. He served less than a year before being elected to the California State Assembly, winning the 27th district race by 20,000 votes.<ref name="simon1998" /><ref name="joincalifornia" /> He had run for the Assembly's 25th district in 1958, but lost to Republican Louis Francis.<ref name="joincalifornia" /> Ryan served as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 and 1968<ref name="congressbio" /> and held his Assembly seat until 1972, when he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. He was reelected three times.<ref name="congressbio" />

Ryan aide Jackie Speier, who later served in Congress, described Ryan's style of investigation as "experiential legislating".<ref name="simon1998" /> After the Watts riots of 1965, Ryan went to the area and took a job as a substitute school teacher to investigate and document conditions there. In 1970, using a pseudonym, Ryan had himself arrested, detained, and strip-searched to investigate conditions in California's prisons. He stayed for ten days as an inmate at Folsom State Prison while presiding as chairman on the Assembly committee that oversaw prison reform.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="haddock2003">Template:Cite news</ref>

As a California assemblyman, Ryan also chaired legislative subcommittee hearings and presided over hearings involving Tom Lantos, his eventual successor in the House.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Ryan pushed through significant educational policies and authored what came to be known as the Ryan Act, which established an independent regulatory commission to monitor educational credentialing in California.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

United States CongressEdit

During his time in Congress, Ryan went to Newfoundland with James Jeffords to investigate the inhumane killing of seals,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> and became famous for his vocal criticism of the lack of Congressional oversight of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), authoring the Hughes–Ryan Amendment,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which would have required extensive CIA notification of Congress about covert operations.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Ryan once told Dick Cheney that leaking a state secret was an appropriate way for a member of Congress to block an "ill-conceived operation".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He supported Patty Hearst, and along with Senator S. I. Hayakawa, delivered Hearst's application for a presidential commutation to the Pardon Attorney.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Peoples TempleEdit

First investigationsEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In 1978, reports of widespread abuse and human rights violations in Jonestown at the Peoples Temple, led by cult leader Jim Jones, began to filter out of its Guyana enclaves. Ryan was friends with the father of former Temple member Bob Houston, whose mutilated body was found near train tracks on October 5, 1976, three days after a taped telephone conversation with Houston's ex-wife in which they discussed his leaving the Temple.<ref name="reiterman299">Template:Harvnb</ref> Ryan's interest was further aroused by the custody battle between the leader of a "Concerned Relatives" group, Timothy Stoen, and Jones following a Congressional "white paper" by Stoen detailing the events.<ref name="hall227">Template:Cite book</ref><ref name="reiterman458">Template:Harvnb</ref> Ryan was one of 91 congressmen to write Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham on Stoen's behalf.<ref name="reiterman299" /><ref name="hall227" />

After reading an article in the San Francisco Examiner, Ryan declared his intention to go to Jonestown, an agricultural commune in Guyana where Jones and roughly 1,000 Temple members resided. His decision was also influenced both by the Concerned Relatives group, which consisted primarily of Californians, as did the Temple, and by his own distaste for social injustice.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> According to the San Francisco Chronicle, while he investigated, the United States Department of State "repeatedly stonewalled Ryan's attempts to find out what was going on in Jonestown" and told him that "everything was fine".<ref name="simon1998" />

The State Department characterized possible United States government action in Guyana against Jonestown as a potential "legal controversy", but Ryan at least partially rejected this viewpoint.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In a later article in The Chronicle, Ryan was described as having "bucked the local Democratic establishment and the Jimmy Carter administration's State Department" in order to prepare for his own investigation.<ref name="haddock2003" />

Travel to JonestownEdit

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} In November 1978, Ryan led an investigative delegation to Jonestown<ref>Rebecca Moore, American as Cherry Pie, 2000, Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University</ref> as part of a government investigation, with governmental permission and funding,<ref name="Chidester" /> in his role as chair of a congressional subcommittee with jurisdiction over U.S. citizens living in foreign countries. He asked the other members of the Bay Area congressional delegation to join him on the trip to Jonestown, but they all declined.<ref name="simon1998" /> Ryan also invited his friend, Indiana Congressman and future Vice President Dan Quayle, who had served with Ryan on the Government Operations Committee, but Quayle was unable to go.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

The investigative group was initially to consist only of press and a few members of Ryan's staff, but once the media learned of the trip the entourage ballooned to include, among others, concerned relatives of Temple members. Ryan traveled to Jonestown with 17 Bay Area relatives of Peoples Temple members, several newspaper reporters and an NBC TV team.<ref name="zane1998">Template:Cite news</ref> When Jones's legal counsel attempted to impose restrictive conditions on the visit, Ryan responded that he would go to Jonestown whether Jones permitted it or not. Ryan's stated position was that a "settlement deep in the bush might be reasonably run on authoritarian lines"<ref name="zane1998" /> but that its residents must be allowed to come and go as they pleased. He further asserted that if the place had become "a gulag", he would do everything he could to "free the captives."<ref name="zane1998" />

On November 14,<ref name="affairsreport">Template:Cite conference</ref> Ryan left Washington and arrived in Georgetown, the capital of Guyana, Template:Convert from Jonestown, with his congressional delegation of government officials, media representatives and some members of the "Concerned Relatives."<ref name="reiterman481">Template:Harvnb</ref> Template:Location map many That night the delegation stayed at a local hotel where, despite confirmed reservations, most of the rooms had been canceled and reassigned, leaving the delegation to sleep in the lobby.<ref name="reiterman482">Template:Harvnb</ref> For three days, Ryan continued to negotiate with Jones's legal counsel and held perfunctory meetings with embassy personnel and Guyanese officials.<ref name="reiterman482-4">Template:Harvnb</ref>

While in Georgetown, Ryan visited the Temple's Georgetown headquarters in the suburb of Lamaha Gardens.<ref name="reiterman484">Template:Harvnb</ref> He asked to speak to Jones by radio. Sharon Amos, the highest-ranking Temple member present, told Ryan that he could not, because his visit was unscheduled.<ref name="reiterman481" /> On November 17, Ryan's aide Jackie Speier (who became a Congresswoman in 2008), the United States embassy Deputy Chief of Mission Richard Dwyer, a Guyanese Ministry of Information officer, nine journalists, and four Concerned Relatives representatives of the delegation boarded a small plane for the flight to Port Kaituma Airport, a few miles outside of Jonestown.<ref name="affairsreport" />

At first, only the Temple legal counsel was allowed off the plane, but eventually the entire entourage, including Gordon Lindsay, reporting for NBC, was allowed in. Initially, the group was warmly welcomed,<ref name="Chidester">Template:Cite book</ref> but Temple member Vernon Gosney handed NBC correspondent Don Harris (mistaking him for Ryan) a note that read "Vernon Gosney and (Temple member) Monica Bagby: please help us get out of Jonestown." Jones was made aware of the note, and Gosney tried and failed to impress upon Ryan the extreme danger that his delegation was now in.<ref name="zane1998" />

That night the media and the delegation returned to the airfield for accommodations after Jones refused to let them stay the night. The rest of the group remained.<ref name="affairsreport" /> The next morning, Ryan, Speier, and Dwyer continued their interviews, and met a woman who secretly expressed her wish to leave Jonestown with her family and another family. Around 11:00 a.m., the media and the delegation returned and took part in interviewing Peoples Temple members. Around 3:00 p.m., 14 Temple defectors, and Larry Layton posing as a defector, boarded a truck and were taken to the airstrip, with Ryan wishing to stay another night to assist any others who wanted to leave. Shortly thereafter, a knife attack on Ryan failed while he was arbitrating a family dispute on leaving.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Against Ryan's protests, Dwyer ordered Ryan to leave, but he promised to return later to address the dispute.<ref name="affairsreport" />

Jungle ambush and assassinationEdit

File:BobBrownKaituma.jpg

Camera-shot by Bob Brown (NBC) of Temple gunmen

The entire group left Jonestown and arrived at the Kaituma airstrip by 4:45 p.m. Their exit transport planes, a twin-engine Otter and a Cessna, did not arrive until 5:10 p.m. The smaller six-seat Cessna was taxiing to the end of the runway when one of its occupants, Larry Layton, opened fire on those inside, wounding several.

Concurrently, several other Peoples Temple members who had escorted the group out began to open fire on the transport plane, killing Ryan, three journalists and a defecting Temple member, while wounding nine others, including Speier.<ref name="reiterman299" /><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The gunmen riddled Ryan's body with over 20 bullets before shooting him in the face.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The passengers on the Cessna subdued Layton and the survivors on both planes fled into nearby fields during and after the attack.<ref name="affairsreport" />

That afternoon, before the news became public, the wife of Ryan's aide William Holsinger received three threatening phone calls. The caller allegedly said, "Tell your husband that his meal ticket just had his brains blown out, and he better be careful." The Holsingers then fled to Lake Tahoe and later Houston.Template:Citation needed

After taking off, the Cessna radioed in a report of the attack, and U.S. Ambassador John R. Burke went to the residence of Prime Minister Burnham.<ref name="affairsreport" /> It was not until the next morning that the Guyanese army could cut through the jungle and reach Jonestown.<ref name="affairsreport" /> They discovered 909 of its inhabitants dead after consuming grape Flavor-aid mixed with several poisons. They died in what the United States House of Representatives described as a "mass suicide/murder ritual."<ref name="affairsreport" />

Conviction of Larry LaytonEdit

Larry Layton (born January 11, 1946), brother of Deborah Layton, a former Peoples Temple member and author of Seductive Poison, was convicted in 1986 of conspiracy in Ryan's murder.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Temple defectors boarding the truck to Port Kaituma had said of Layton that "there's no way he's a defector. He's too close to Jones."<ref name="reiterman520">Template:Harvnb</ref> Layton was the only former Temple member to be tried in the United States for criminal acts relating to the murders at Jonestown.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He was convicted on four different murder-related counts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On March 3, 1987, Layton was sentenced to concurrent sentences of life in prison for "aiding and abetting the murder of Congressman Leo Ryan", "conspiracy to murder an internationally protected person, Richard Dwyer, Deputy Chief of Mission for the United States in the Republic of Guyana", as well as 15 years in prison on other related counts.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was eligible for parole in five years.<ref name="laytonmotion">Template:Cite court</ref> On June 3, 1987, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California denied Layton's motion to set aside the conviction "on the ground that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel during his second trial".<ref name="laytonmotion" /> After 18 years in prison, Layton was released from custody in April 2002.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

MemorialEdit

Veterans for Peace Chapter 124 was named the Leo J. Ryan Memorial chapter.

BurialEdit

File:Leo J. Ryan headstone.JPG

Ryan's headstone

Ryan's body was returned to the United States and interred at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California. His official Congressional Memorial Services were compiled into a book, Leo J. Ryan – Memorial Services – Held In The House Of Representatives & Senate Of The U.S., Together With Remarks.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Ryan's younger sister Shannon said she was surprised both by the number of supporters who attended the funeral and by the "outgrowth of real, honest sorrow".<ref name="sudol">Template:Cite news</ref>

Legacy and honorsEdit

In 1983, the United States Congress posthumously awarded Ryan a Congressional Gold Medal, as the only member of Congress killed in the line of duty; President Ronald Reagan signed the bill.<ref name="reaganstatement">Template:Cite press release</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In Reagan's remarks about the medal, he said: "It was typical of Leo Ryan's concern for his constituents that he would investigate personally the rumors of mistreatment in Jonestown that reportedly affected so many from his district."<ref name="reaganstatement" /> Ryan's daughters Patricia and Erin helped garner support for the medal in time for the fifth anniversary of his death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
In 1984, the National Archives and Records Center in San Bruno, California was named the Leo J. Ryan Federal Building in his honor, through a Congressional bill passed unanimously and signed by Reagan.<ref>The Washington Post, November 30, 1984, v107 pC4 col 5 (10 col in), "Leo Ryan honored. (with Medal of Honor)" Jacqueline Trescott.</ref>
In 1998, Jackie Speier, Ryan's former aide, was elected to the California State Senate. In 2008, she won a special election to the US Congress from California's 12th congressional district, much of it formerly Ryan's constituency.<ref name="SFC 4-9-08">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> Since 2013, it has been the state's 14th congressional district.

DaughtersEdit

File:Shannon Jo Ryan, Rajneesh movement member, cropped.jpg

Shannon Jo Ryan in 1981

Shannon Jo Ryan (born 1952), Ryan's eldest daughter, joined the Rajneesh movement. After the Bhagwan moved to Oregon in 1981, she joined his commune, which became known as Rajneeshpuram.<ref name="Chidester" /><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="staff">Template:Cite news</ref> Taking the name Ma Amrita Pritam, by December 1982 she had married another member, who also lived at the commune.<ref name="ap">Template:Cite news</ref>

Patricia Ryan (born 1953) received her master's degree in public administration from George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and served from 2001 to 2012 as executive director of the California Mental Health Directors Association (now the County Behavioral Health Directors Association of California). During the 1980s she became involved as a volunteer and eventually served as president of the board of the national Cult Awareness Network.<ref name="erinryan">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book Template:Self-published source</ref>

Erin Ryan (born 1958) graduated from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law and worked as an intelligence analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency until 1992. She next worked in New York as a pastry chef for eight years. In 2000, Erin Ryan became an aide to her father's former aide, California Senator Jackie Speier.<ref name="erinryan" />

AnniversariesEdit

File:Leo J. Ryan Park.jpg

Sign at the Leo J. Ryan Memorial Park

File:Leo J Ryan Post Office.jpg

Leo J. Ryan Post Office Building

On the 25th anniversary of Ryan's death, a special memorial tribute was held in his honor in Foster City, California. His family and friends, including his three daughters and Jackie Speier, attended. The San Francisco Chronicle reported, "Over and over today, people described a great man who continually exceeded his constituents' expectations."<ref name="tributetocongressman" />

Near the end of the memorial service, parents of those who had died in Jonestown stood to honor and thank Ryan for giving his life while trying to save their children. After the service ended, mounted police escorted the family and friends into Foster City's Leo J. Ryan Memorial Park. A wreath was laid next to a commemorative rock that honors Ryan.<ref name="tributetocongressman">Template:Cite news</ref>

The same year, his daughter Erin Ryan, an aide to Speier, attended a memorial for those who died at Jonestown, held at the Evergreen Cemetery in Oakland.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> On each anniversary of Leo Ryan's death, Jackie Speier and Patricia Ryan visit his grave at the Golden Gate National Cemetery.<ref name="zane1998" />

For the 30th anniversary, Speier sponsored a bill to designate the United States Postal Service facility at 210 South Ellsworth Avenue in San Mateo, California, the "Leo J. Ryan Post Office Building".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> President George W. Bush signed it into law on October 21, 2008.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> On November 17, 2008, Speier spoke at the dedication ceremony at the post office. In part, she said,

There are those – still, thirty years after his passing – who question his motives, or the wisdom of his actions. But criticism was just fine with Leo. Leo Ryan never did anything because he thought it would make him popular. He was more interested in doing what he knew was right.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
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In popular cultureEdit

Ryan has been portrayed in films about the Jonestown mass murder/suicide, including by actor Gene Barry in the 1979 film Guyana: Crime of the Century,<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> and by Ned Beatty in the 1980 made-for-TV miniseries Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>

His assassination was discussed in the documentaries Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple (2006),<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> on The History Channel documentaries Cults: Dangerous Devotion<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> and Jonestown: Paradise Lost (2006),<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> and the MSNBC production Witness to Jonestown (2008), which aired on the 30th anniversary of Ryan's assassination and the mass suicides at Jonestown.<ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref> In 2012, National Geographic's Seconds From Disaster aired the sixth-season episode "Jonestown Cult Suicide", which recreated Ryan's assassination.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Electoral historyEdit

Source<ref name="joincalifornia">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

1978 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 60.5%
Dave Welch (R), 35.6%
Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 3.9%

1976 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 61.1%
Bob Jones (R), 35.4%
Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 3.5%

1974 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 75.8%
Brainard G. "Bee" Merdinger (R), 21.3%
Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 2.9%

1972 election for U.S. House of Representatives (CD 11)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 60.4%
Charles E. Chase (R), 37%
Nicholas W. Kudrovzeff (American Independent) 2.6%

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1970 Race for California State Assembly (AD 27)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 73.2%
John R. Sherman (R), 23.1%
John Lynch (American Independent) 3.8%

1968 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 99.8%
Will Slocum (I), 0.2%

1966 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 56.9%
Robert N. Miller (R), 43.1%

1964 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 69%
Andrew C. Byrd (R), 31%

1962 election for California State Assembly (AD 27)

Leo J. Ryan (D), 63.5%
Andrew C. Byrd (R), 36.5%

1958 election for California State Assembly (AD 25)

Louis Francis (R), 50.6%
Leo J. Ryan (D), 49.4%

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Published worksEdit

Books

USA/From Where We Stand: Readings in Contemporary American Problems, paperback book, Fearon Publishers (1970)
Understanding California Government and Politics, 152 pages, Fearon Publishers (1966)

Congressional reports

NATO, pressures from the southern tier: report of a study mission to Europe, August 5–27, 1975, pursuant to H. Res. 315, 22 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1975
Vietnam and Korea: Human rights and U.S. assistance: a study mission report of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives, 15 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1975
The United States oil shortage and the Arab-Israeli conflict: report of a study mission to the Middle East from October 22 to November 3, 1973, 76 pages, published by United States Government Print Office, 1973

NotesEdit

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ReferencesEdit

External linksEdit

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JoinCalifornia, Election History for the State of California
Congressman Leo J Ryan Memorial Page, hosted by Arnaldo Lerma
Leo J Ryan Memorial park in Foster City, California

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