Lisbon Strategy

Template:Short description Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists The Lisbon Strategy, also known as the Lisbon Agenda or Lisbon Process, was an action and development plan devised in 2000, for the economy of the European Union between 2000 and 2010. A pivotal role in its formulation was played by the Portuguese economist Maria João Rodrigues.

Its aim was to make the EU "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion", by 2010.<ref>European Union Parliament Website Lisbon European Council 23 and 24 March Presidency Conclusion</ref> It was set out by the European Council in Lisbon in March 2000. By 2010, most of its goals were not achieved. It was succeeded by the Europe 2020 strategy.

Background and objectivesEdit

The Lisbon Strategy intended to deal with the low productivity and stagnation of economic growth in the EU, through the formulation of various policy initiatives to be taken by all EU member states. The broader objectives set out by the Lisbon strategy were to be attained by 2010.

It was adopted for a ten-year period in 2000 in Lisbon, Portugal by the European Council. It broadly aimed to "make Europe, by 2010, the most competitive and the most dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world".

StrategyEdit

The main fields were economic, social, and environmental renewal and sustainability. The Lisbon Strategy was heavily based on the economic concepts of:

Innovation as the motor for economic change (based on the writings of Joseph Schumpeter)
The "learning economy"
Social and environmental renewal

Under the strategy, a stronger economy would create employment in the EU, alongside inclusive social and environmental policies, which would themselves drive economic growth even further.

An EU research group found in 2005 that current progress had been judged "unconvincing", so a reform process was introduced wherein all goals would be reviewed every three years, with assistance provided on failing items.

Translation of the Lisbon Strategy goals into concrete measures led to the extension of the Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development (FPs) into FP7<ref>Europa.eu, European Commission - Publications Office: Understand FP7</ref> and the Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI).<ref>Europa.eu Template:Dead link Template:Cbignore, European Commission brocure on JTIs</ref>

Key thinkers and conceptsEdit

Template:More citations needed section

Contemporary key thinkers on whose works the Lisbon Strategy was based and/or who were involved in its creation include Maria João Rodrigues, Christopher Freeman, Bengt-Åke Lundvall, Luc Soete, Daniele Archibugi Carlota Perez, Manuel Castells, Giovanni Dosi, and Richard Nelson.<ref>The intellectual background of the Lisbon strategy has been discussed in D. Archibugi and B-A. Lundvall (eds.), The Globalising Learning Economy, Oxford University Press, 2000 and in E. Lorenz and B-A. Lundvall, How Europe's Economies Learn, Oxford University Press, 2006.</ref>

Key concepts of the Lisbon Strategy include those of the knowledge economy, innovation, techno-economic paradigms, technology governance, and the "open method of coordination" (OMC).

Midterm reviewEdit

Between April and November 2004, the Dutch politician Wim Kok headed up a review of the program and presented a report on the Lisbon strategy concluding that even if some progress was made, most of the goals were not achieved:<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:Quote

The European Commission used this report as a basis for its proposal in February 2005 to refocus the Lisbon Agenda on actions that promote growth and jobs in a manner that is fully consistent with the objective of sustainable development. The important contribution made by small and medium-sized enterprises to economic growth and innovation was stressed.<ref>Commission of the European Communities, "Think Small First: A "Small Business Act for Europe", COM(2008)394 final, page 2, published on 25 June 2008, accessed on 16 April 2025</ref> The Commission's communication stated thatTemplate:Quote

In its resolution on the midterm review of the Lisbon strategy in March 2005, the European Parliament expressed its belief that "sustainable growth and employment are Europe's most pressing goals and underpin social and environmental progress" and "that well-designed social and environmental policies are themselves key elements in strengthening Europe's economic performance".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

These declarations were classed as unrealistic by some, and the failure of the "relaunch" initiative was predicted if the existing approach was not changed.<ref name="w1">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Guido Tabellini, Charles Wyplosz, "Réformes structurelles et coordination en Europe", Report to the Prime Minister of France, 2004</ref><ref>Guido Tabellini, Charles Wyplosz, "Annex 5 - Supply-side reforms in Europe: Can the Lisbon Strategy be repaired?", Swedish Economic Policy Review, 2006</ref>

Closing reviewEdit

In 2009 Swedish prime minister Fredrik Reinfeldt admitted:

Template:Quote

The alleged failure of the Lisbon Strategy was widely commented on in the news and by member states leaders.<ref name="w1"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Spain's prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero pointed out that the non-binding character of the Lisbon Strategy contributed to the failure, and this lesson needed to be taken into account by the new Europe 2020 strategy.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Official appraisal of the Lisbon Strategy took place in March 2010 at a European Summit, where the new Europe 2020 strategy was also launched.

ReferencesEdit

Template:Reflist

External linksEdit

Template:Economy of the European Union Template:Authority control

Lisbon Strategy

Contents