List of castles in England
Template:Short description Template:Further Template:Use British English Template:Use dmy dates
This list of castles in England is not a list of every building and site that has "castle" as part of its name, nor does it list only buildings that conform to a strict definition of a castle as a medieval fortified residence.<ref>Brown (1962), p.16.</ref> It is not a list of every castle ever built in England, many of which have vanished without trace, but is primarily a list of buildings and remains that have survived. In almost every case the buildings that survive are either ruined, or have been altered over the centuries. For several reasons, whether a given site is that of a medieval castle has not been taken to be a sufficient criterion for determining whether or not that site should be included in the list.
Castles that have vanished or whose remains are barely visible are not listed, except for some important or well-known buildings and sites. Fortifications from before the medieval period are not listed, nor are architectural follies. In other respects it is difficult to identify clear and consistent boundaries between two sets of buildings, comprising those that indisputably belong in a list of castles and those that do not. The criteria adopted for inclusion in the list include such factors as: how much survives from the medieval period; how strongly fortified the building was; how castle-like the surviving building is; whether the building has been given the title of "castle"; how certain it is that a medieval castle stood on the site, or that the surviving remains are those of a medieval castle; how well-known or interesting the building is; and whether including or excluding a building helps make the list, in some measure, more consistent.
In order to establish a list that is as far as possible comprehensive as well as consistent, it is necessary to establish its boundaries. Before the list itself, a discussion of its scope includes lengthy lists of buildings excluded from the main lists for various reasons. The Castellarium Anglicanum, an authoritative index of castles in England and Wales published in 1983, lists over 1,500 castle sites in England.<ref name="King">King (1983).</ref> Many of these castles have vanished or left almost no trace. The present list includes more than 800 medieval castles of which there are visible remains, with over 300 having substantial surviving stone or brick remains.
HistoryEdit
A castle is a type of fortified structure, developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. The first castles appeared in France in the 10th century,<ref>Brown (1962), p.24.</ref> and in England during the 11th century. A few castles are known to have been built in England before the Normans invaded in 1066;<ref>Brown (1962), p.43.</ref> a great many were built in the years following, the principal mechanism by means of which the Normans were able to consolidate their control over the country.<ref>Brown (1962), p.50.</ref> Whilst a few important castles, such as the White Tower in the Tower of London, were built of stone, most early castles were motte-and-bailey castles of earthwork and timber, which could be constructed quickly. Some were later rebuilt in stone,<ref>Brown (1962), p.84</ref> but there are a great many castle sites in England where all that is visible today are traces of earthworks.<ref>Higham & Barker (1992), pp.194–198.</ref>
Castles continued to be built in England for several hundred years, reaching a peak of military sophistication in the late 13th century.<ref>Brown (1962), p.95.</ref> The two principal elements in their construction were the great tower or keep, such as the White Tower, and the fortified enclosure, such as is provided by the outer wall of the Tower of London. During the 14th century, largely as a result of the decline of feudalism,<ref>Brown (1962), p.221.</ref> the construction of strong castles began to decline, in favour of more lightly fortified structures often described as fortified manor houses.<ref>Brown (1962), p.129.</ref> In the far north of England, where conditions remained unsettled, fortified buildings continued to be built as late as the 16th century, not only by the rich and powerful but by any with adequate means, as defence not against great armies, but against the notorious Border Reivers. Many took the form of the pele tower, a smaller, more modest version of the castle keep,<ref>Brown (1962), p.131.</ref> and many of these still survive, often incorporated in later buildings.
Castles differed from earlier fortifications in that they were generally private fortified residences. Typically, a castle was the residence of a feudal lord, providing the owner with a secure base from which to control his lands,<ref>Brown (1962), p.172.</ref> and also a symbol of wealth and power. Earlier fortified structures, such as the Saxon burh or the Iron Age hillfort, provided public or communal defences,<ref>Brown (1962), p.15.</ref> as did medieval town or city walls. The many Roman forts of which ruins survive in Britain differed in being wholly military in nature; they were camps or strongholds of the Roman army. The Romans also built town or city walls in England, which can still be seen, for instance at Silchester.
By the 16th century the role of fortifications had changed once more with the development of artillery capable of breaching even thick stone walls. In the reign of Henry VIII, fears of invasion<ref>Elton (1991), p.154.</ref> led to the building of a series of new fortresses along the south coast of England,<ref>Harrington (2007), p.8.</ref> known as the Device Forts or Henrician Castles. These were designed to use and to defend against artillery, and since they were not private residences, but national fortifications, they do not possess what architectural historians have come to see as the defining characteristics of a castle.<ref>Brown (1962), p.128.</ref> Nonetheless, they are visibly castle-like, being compact, with battlemented walls, squat turrets and sometimes a keep; and they were the last generation of fortresses in England to be known as castles, long before architectural historians began to argue that they should not be.<ref>Harrington (2007), p.2.</ref> One of them, Pendennis Castle, was one of the last Royalist strongholds to fall to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War—starvation forcing surrender after a siege of five months.<ref name="Pendennis Castle">"Pendennis Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
As the role of the castle as a fortress declined in the later medieval period, its role as a residence increasingly became the more important. Castles such as Herstmonceux were built with fortifications seemingly designed more for show than for strength,<ref name="Herst-Brown">Brown (1962), p.146.</ref> implying a further evolution in the role and concept of the castle, becoming less a means of enforcing power but instead a symbol of its possession, a castle becoming a grand residence proclaiming the status of its owner. Once fortifications had become altogether redundant, it became increasingly rare in England for new buildings to be described as castles, in contrast to France, where country houses continued to be known as châteaux.
Once no longer needed as fortresses, castles – if they were not abandoned – were, over the centuries, adapted and modernised to make them more suitable for continued use as residences:<ref>Creighton & Higham (2003), p.64.</ref> large windows were inserted in defensive walls, as at Lumley; outer walls were demolished or lowered to open up views from within, as at Raby; new residential ranges were built to improve and extend accommodation, as at Windsor. Some castles were restored after falling into ruin, like Bamburgh;<ref name="Bamburgh-P">"Bamburgh Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> others, like Belvoir, were demolished and rebuilt, retaining little or none of the original structure.<ref name="Belvoir-P">"Belvoir Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> In the 18th and 19th centuries especially, many castles underwent "improvements" by architects such as Anthony Salvin, and in this period a fashion developed for entirely new houses to be built in the style of castles, and to be known as castles.<ref>Thompson (1987), pp.161–163.</ref><ref>Impey & Parnell (2000), pp.118–121.</ref> Amongst these was Peckforton Castle, built by Salvin: a building so authentic in its recreation of a medieval castle that it has been described as possibly the last serious fortified home built in Britain.<ref name="Peckforton">"Peckforton Castle" Template:Webarchive BLB.</ref>
Scope and exclusionsEdit
No list of castles in England is ever likely to be complete, because there will never be complete agreement in every case as to whether the remains of a building are those of a castle, whether a given place is the site of a castle, or whether a surviving building should be considered to be a castle.<ref>Renn (1984) pp.277–278. See King (1988), p.173 for how some people criticised the inclusion of Henry VIII's artillery forts in King's index of castles, Castellarium Anglicanum.</ref>
Perhaps because the castle has become the most familiar type of fortification, many sites of fortifications earlier than the 10th century have become known as castles. Most of these are Iron Age hill forts. Amongst the best known are Abbotsbury Castle, Barbury Castle, Bratton Castle, Cadbury Castle, Castle Dore, Chûn Castle, Liddington Castle, Maen Castle, Maiden Castle and Uffington Castle,<ref name="PSC">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> whilst many more appear in the List of hillforts in England. Others, such as Melandra Castle, Reculver Castle, Richborough Castle and Whitley Castle, are Roman forts, whilst Daw's Castle is a Saxon burh.<ref name="PSC"/> None of these is included in the present list unless it is also the site of a medieval castle, as is the case with, for instance, Portchester Castle, where an imposing castle was built within the surviving walls of the Roman fort.<ref name="Porch">"Portchester Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
Nor are all medieval fortified sites included in the present list. The remains of town and city walls are excluded—most of these appear in the List of town walls in England and Wales. Also excluded are churches with defensive towers, such as Ancroft, Burgh by Sands, Edlingham, Garway, Great Salkeld and Newton Arlosh, as well as other fortified ecclesiastical sites such as Alnwick Abbey, Battle Abbey, Thornton Abbey, Wetheral Priory, Whalley Abbey and St Mary's Abbey, York. Some of the pele towers of Northern England are included, but the more modest fortified buildings known as bastles are not, though the distinction between them is not always altogether clear. Amongst fortified manor houses, those given the title of castle are included, whilst many others were more lightly fortified and are excluded. Amongst these are Baddesley Clinton, Cowdray House, Farnhill Hall, Hipswell Hall, Ightham Mote, Little Wenham Hall, Markenfield Hall and Walburn Hall.<ref name="Gatehouse">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
The list includes pele towers that became known as castles, or preserve a castle-like aspect. Many others, or their remains, survive much altered—incorporated in later country houses or farmhouses, and are excluded. Amongst these are: Aske Hall, Biddlestone RC Chapel, Bolling Hall, Bolton Old Hall, Boltongate Rectory, Causey Park House, Clennell Hall, Cliburn Hall, Corbridge Low Hall, Cowmire Hall, Craster Arms (Beadnell), Croglin Old Pele, Denton Hall, Dovenby Hall, Dunstan Hall, East Shaftoe Hall, Godmond Hall, Great Salkeld Rectory, Hardrigg Hall, Hepscott Hall, Hetton Hall, Hollin Hall, Hutton Hall (Penrith), Irton Hall, Johnby Hall, Killington Hall, Kirkoswald College, Levens Hall, Little Harle Tower, Nether Hall, Netherby Hall, Ormside Hall, Pockerley Pele, Preston Patrick Hall, Randalholme Hall, Rock Hall, Rudchester Hall, Sella Park, Selside Hall, Skelsmergh Hall, Smardale Hall, Thistlewood Farmhouse, Warnell Hall, Weetwood Hall and Witton Tower.<ref name="Gatehouse"/>
In the post-medieval period, the distinction between true castles and later mock castles is blurred by the extent to which medieval castles were adapted and rebuilt. At Greystoke a new castle was built incorporating a medieval pele tower;<ref>"Greystoke Castle " Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> at Thurland a new castle was built from the ruins of the old;<ref name="Thurland-P">"Thurland Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> at Belvoir the old castle was demolished and a new one built.<ref name="Belvoir-P"/> The building of mock castles might be seen as the logical conclusion of a process already apparent in castles such as Herstmonceux or Tattershall, where the castle-like aspect of the building was becoming more for show than for strength.<ref name="Herst-Brown"/>
Amongst post-medieval buildings in England that are known as castles, a few, such as Peckforton Castle, closely resemble medieval castles. Many others, such as Clearwell Castle, have some castle-like features, and some, like Mereworth Castle, bear no resemblance whatsoever to a castle. The list excludes buildings that neither look like castles, nor incorporate the remains of castles. Amongst these are Bolebroke Castle, Bovey Castle, Bruce Castle, Castle Ashby, Castle Howard, Clifton Castle, Highclere Castle, Mereworth Castle, New Wardour Castle, Sherborne Castle, Wentworth Castle, and Wisbech Castle.<ref name="BLB">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Many other buildings with some castle-like features are also excluded. Amongst these are Acton Castle, Allerton Castle, Augill Castle, Avon Castle, Bell's Castle, Bolesworth Castle, Bude Castle, Castle Eden Castle, Castle Goring, Cave Castle, Cholmondeley Castle, Clearwell Castle, Cliffe Castle, Coates Castle, Creech Castle, Droskyn Castle, Edmond Castle, Enmore Castle, Ewell Castle, Farleigh Castle, Farley Castle, Fillingham Castle, Hatherop Castle, Headingley Castle, Highcliffe Castle, Hilfield Castle, Kenwith Castle, Kirby Knowle Castle, Knepp Castle, Luscombe Castle, Midford Castle, Mulgrave Castle, Otterburn Tower, Pentillie Castle, Reeve Castle, Ryde Castle, St. Clare Castle, Sibdon Castle, Sneaton Castle, Stanhope Castle, Studley Castle, Swinton Castle, The Citadel (Weston-under-Redcastle), Tregenna Castle, Vanbrugh Castle, Wadhurst Castle, Wattisham Castle, Whitehaven Castle, Whitstable Castle, Willersley Castle, and Willsbridge Castle.<ref name="BLB"/> Amongst those that have been demolished is Steephill Castle.
Template:AnchorArtificial ruins and follies, often built as memorials or landscape features, are also excluded. Amongst these are Appley Tower, Black Castle, Bladon Castle, Blaise Castle, Bollitree Castle, Boston Castle, Braylsham Castle, Broadway Tower, Carr Hall Castle, Castlebourne, Clent Castle, Clopton Tower, Dinton Castle, Doyden Castle, Dunstall Castle, Durlston Castle, Fort Putnam, Hadlow Castle, Castle in Hagley Park Lawrence Castle, Long's Park Castle, Mow Cop Castle, Mowbray Castle, Pirton Castle, Radford Castle, Radway Tower, Ragged Castle (Badminton), Rivington Castle, Rodborough Fort, Ross Castle, Rothley Castle, Roundhay Castle, Sebergham Castle, Severndroog Castle, Shaldon Castle, Sham Castle (Bath), Sledmere Castle, Speedwell Castle, Stainborough Castle, Starlight Castle, Stowe Castle, Strattenborough Castle, Sundorne Castle, Toll House (Clevedon) and Wyke Castle.<ref name="BLB"/> Finally, the 16th-century Henrician Castles, whose design was closely inspired by medieval castles, are included, but later military fortifications—with just a few exceptions—are not.
However carefully the criteria for including a building or site on this list are set out, borderline cases are inevitable. Many buildings known to incorporate northern pele towers in their fabric, but are no longer castle-like—such as the Red Lion Tower in Haltwhistle—have been excluded. On the other hand, Corby Castle, in which a pele tower survives wholly encased in a later building,<ref name="Corby">"Corby Castle " Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> is included because it is known as a castle, and by implication continued to fulfil the role of one, at least in part. Kimbolton Castle is included as the site of a medieval castle, and because the present mansion has a castellated aspect in deference to the medieval castle it replaced.
KeyEdit
| Key | |
|---|---|
| Accessible open space | Accessible open space |
| File:CL icon.svg | Castle open to the public |
| File:EH icon.svg | English Heritage |
| File:HH icon.svg | Historic House open to the public |
| File:Museum icon (red).svg | Museum |
| National Trust | National Trust |
| NGS | Private, grounds open under the National Gardens Scheme |
| Name | Usually the name of the surviving building, but not always—for instance the remains of the historic Bampton Castle were incorporated in a later building known as Ham Court |
| Type | Usually the type of castle represented by the predominant surviving fortified remains |
| Date | Usually the dates of the principal building works relating to the surviving remains |
| Condition | An indication as to what remains of the original castle structure |
| Image | The building or site as it currently exists |
| Ownership / Access |
Brief information relating to the current ownership or use of the site, an icon signifying that the site is frequently open to the public |
.svg){kind=link}
BedfordshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † Bedford Castle was demolished after a well-documented eight-week siege by Henry III, with around 2000 men, in 1224.<ref>"Bedford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Someries Castle | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Someries Castle.jpg | Template:Sort | Brick, unfinished, ruined gatehouse and chapel survive.<ref>"Someries Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
BerkshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donnington Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Donnington Castle - geograph.org.uk - 35386.jpg | Template:Sort | Built by Richard Abberbury the Elder, destroyed during the English Civil War, gatehouse survives.<ref name=EH>"Donnington Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Windsor Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Windsor Castle at Sunset - Nov 2006.jpg | Royal palace | Restored and extended by James Wyatt and Jeffry Wyattville, 1800–30.<ref>"Windsor Castle" Template:Webarchive BLB.</ref> |
BristolEdit
Castles of which only vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
BuckinghamshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boarstall Tower | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Boarstall Tower - geograph.org.uk - 1062939.jpg | Template:Sort | Moated site, gatehouse survives, altered in the 16–17th centuries, converted to house 20th century.<ref>"Boarstall Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
CambridgeshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckden Palace | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Buckden Towers.jpg | Claretian conference centre | Renamed Buckden Towers, partly demolished and remnants incorporated with a 19th-century house.<ref>"Buckden Palace" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Elton Hall | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Elton Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1258739.jpg | Template:Sort | Gatehouse survives, incorporated in building of 1662–1689, remodelled and extended in the 18–19th centuries.<ref>"Elton Hall" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Kimbolton Castle | Castellated house | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Kimbolton Castle 01.jpg | School | Site of medieval castle, rebuilt and later remodelled by Sir John Vanbrugh 1707–10.<ref>"Kimbolton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Kirtling Tower | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:A view of Kirtling Tower - geograph.org.uk - 525588.jpg | NGS | 16th-century gatehouse on supposed site of moated Saxon castle.<ref>"Kirtling Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Longthorpe Tower | Tower house | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Longthorpe Tower1.jpg | Template:Sort | Elaborate scheme of domestic medieval wall paintings.<ref>"Longthorpe Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Woodcroft Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Habitable fragment | File:WoodcroftCastle.jpg | Private | West range of original building survives, with alterations.<ref>"Woodcroft Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
CheshireEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beeston Castle | Enclosure castle | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Beeston Castle Gate.jpg | Template:Sort | Sited on crag high above Cheshire Plain, 19th-century outer gatehouse.<ref>"Beeston Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Chester Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Agricola Tower, Chester Castle - geograph.org.uk - 675807.jpg | Template:Sort | Agricola tower sole feature of medieval castle to survive an 18th-century fire.<ref>"Chester Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Doddington Castle | Tower house | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:"Castle" in the park (cropped).jpg | Private | Also known as Delves Hall. Building at Risk.<ref>"Delves Hall" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Halton Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Halton Castle - geograph.org.uk - 311820.jpg | Template:Sort Duchy of Lancaster |
Commanding position, 13th-century tower, 18th-century courthouse, folly of c. 1800.<ref>"Halton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Peckforton Castle | Neo-romantic castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Peckforton Castle 1.jpg | Hotel | By Anthony Salvin, possibly the last serious fortified home built in Britain.<ref name="Peckforton"/> |
.jpg){kind=link}
County DurhamEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
CornwallEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
CumbriaEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, vestiges or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
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DerbyshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, vestiges or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
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DevonEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/><ref>Higham (1988), p.143.</ref> Template:Flatlist
DorsetEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
.jpg){kind=link}
East Riding of YorkshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paull Holme Tower | Tower House | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Paull Holme Tower 2.jpg | Private | Originally part of larger house, roofless.<ref>"Paull Holme Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Skipsea Castle | Motte and Bailey | Template:Sort | Earthworks | File:Skipsea Castle - geograph.org.uk - 79788.jpg | Template:Sort | Well-preserved earthworks.<ref>"Skipsea Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Wressle Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Wressle Castle.jpg | Private, farm | South range remains, inhabited until gutted by fire in 1796.<ref>"Wressle Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
East SussexEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
EssexEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † Pleshey Castle is a good example of a motte-and-bailey castle: only earthworks and a medieval brick bridge remain.<ref>"Pleshey Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colchester Castle | Tower keep | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Colchester-castle.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Reduced in height in 17th century.<ref>"Colchester Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Hadleigh Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Hadleigh Castle.jpg | Template:Sort | <ref>"Hadleigh Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Hedingham Castle | Tower keep | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:The Keep at Castle Hedingham - geograph.org.uk - 30510.jpg | Template:Sort | Castle demolished in the 17th century except for keep, well-preserved interior despite fire of 1954.<ref>"Hedingham Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Walden Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Walden castle.jpg | Template:Sort | Remains of keep.<ref>"Walden Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
GloucestershireEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}
Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
Greater LondonEdit
Castles of which no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
The table does not include The White House, a replica of a Polish palace in London.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tower of London | Concentric castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Tower of London, April 2006.jpg | Historic Royal Palaces | White Tower built c. 1077–1100, curtain walls added in the 13th century, working portcullis.<ref>"White Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Manor Farm, Ruislip | Motte-and-bailey castle | 11th century | Earthworks | File:Motte and Bailey site Manor Farm Ruislip.JPG | Public access |
Greater ManchesterEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also
Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radcliffe Tower | Tower house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Radcliffe tower hdr.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Ruinous tower formerly incorporated in timber house.<ref>"Radcliffe Tower" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
HampshireEdit
Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
HerefordshireEdit
Castles of which little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † Ewyas Harold Castle is recorded in the Domesday Book and was probably built c. 1048.<ref>"Ewyas Harold Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> Template:Sticky header
.jpg){kind=link}
HertfordshireEdit
Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Berkhamsted Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Berkhamsted Castle Jan 2007.jpg | Template:Sort | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> Unoccupied since 1495.<ref>"Berkhamsted Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Hertford Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragments | File:Hertford Castle.jpg | Local authority | 15th-century gatehouse survives, altered and extended in the 18–20th centuries.<ref>"Hertford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
Isle of WightEdit
Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carisbrooke Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Carisbrooke Castle gate 2.jpg | Template:Sort | Refortified in the 1590s as artillery fortress, former seat of the Governor of the Isle of Wight.<ref>"Carisbrooke Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Norris Castle | Neo-romantic castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Norris Castle - East Cowes - geograph.org.uk - 545339.jpg | Private | Gothic Revival, by James Wyatt.<ref>"Norris Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Yarmouth Castle | Artillery fort | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Yarmouth Castle.JPG | Template:Sort | Altered in the 17th century.<ref>"Yarmouth Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| West Cowes Castle | Artillery fort | Template:Sort | Rebuilt | File:Cowes iw esplanade cropped.jpg | Royal Yacht Squadron | Fragments of a 16th-century structure incorporated in a later building.<ref>"West Cowes Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
Isles of ScillyEdit
Castles of which only vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cromwell's Castle | Artillery tower | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Cromwell's Castle - Scilly - geograph.org.uk - 15726.jpg | Template:Sort | <ref>"Cromwell's Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Star Castle | Artillery fort | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Star Castle - geograph.org.uk - 615094.jpg | Hotel | Important and complete example of Elizabethan fort.<ref>"Star Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
KentEdit
Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
LancashireEdit
Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
.jpg){kind=link}
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LeicestershireEdit
Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ashby de la Zouch Castle | Keep | Template:Sort | Fragmentary ruins | File:Ashbycastle.JPG | Template:Sort | Fortified manor converted to castle in 1474, slighted during English Civil War.<ref>"Ashby de la Zouch Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Belvoir Castle | Neo-romantic castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Belvoir Castle Leicestershire.jpg | Template:Sort Duke of Rutland |
Rebuilt in 1655–68 incorporating fragments of medieval castle, remodelled in 1801–30.<ref name="Belvoir-P"/> |
| Kirby Muxloe Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary ruins | File:Kirby Muxloe 2.jpg | Template:Sort | Unfinished.<ref>"Kirby Muxloe Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Leicester Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragments | File:Leicester Castle Yard south gateway.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Great hall survives, much altered.<ref>"Leicester Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
LincolnshireEdit
Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † Goltho Castle was built on the site of a Saxon fortified dwelling of c. 850, established by excavation.<ref>"Goltho Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
MerseysideEdit
Castles of which little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brimstage Hall | Tower house | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Brimstage Hall - geograph.org.uk - 405620.jpg | Crafts centre | Tower incorporated in later building of 16th and 19th centuries.<ref>"Brimstage Hall" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Leasowe Castle | Sham castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Leasowe Castle.jpg | Hotel | Built in 1593, extended in 1600–42 and the 19th century.<ref>"Leasowe Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
NorfolkEdit
Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † The surviving motte of Thetford Castle is one of the highest in England,<ref>Brown (1962), p.59.</ref> about Template:Convert high.<ref>"Thetford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
NorthamptonshireEdit
Castles of which little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist † Fotheringhay Castle was the scene of the trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587.<ref>"Fotheringhay Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref>
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astwell Castle | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Astwell castle, Northhamptonshire.jpg | Private, farm | Gatehouse survives alongside a 17th-century house.<ref>"Astwell Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Barnwell Castle | Rectangular castle | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Barnwell Castle1.jpg | Private | <ref>"Barnwell Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Rockingham Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Rebuilt | File:Rockingham Castle entrance.jpg | Template:Sort | 13th century gatehouse survives, largely rebuilt in the 16th century, remodelled in 1660 and by Anthony Salvin in 19th century.<ref>"Rockingham Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Thorpe Waterville Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Thorpewatervillecastle.jpg | Private | Great hall with fine open roof survives, altered for use as a barn.<ref>"Thorpe Waterville Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
NorthumberlandEdit
Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
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North YorkshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
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NottinghamshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halloughton Manor House | Pele tower | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Halloughton Village - geograph.org.uk - 40839.jpg | Private | Attached to later building.<ref>"Halloughton Manor House" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Newark Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Newark Castle, 06-2013 (9).jpg | Template:Sort / Newark District Council | Gatehouse, part of curtain wall and a tower remain.<ref>"Newark Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Nottingham Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Nottingham Castle Gate 2009.jpg | Template:Sort Nottingham City Council |
Demolished in 1651, later mansion on site, a much-restored 14th-century gatehouse remains.<ref>"Nottingham Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
.jpg){kind=link}
OxfordshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bampton Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:BamptonCastle.jpg | Private | Parts of gatehouse and curtain wall survive in later house, Ham Court.<ref>"Bampton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Broughton Castle | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Broughton Castle entrance - geograph.org.uk - 1464252.jpg | Template:Sort | Remodelled in the 15–18th centuries.<ref>"Broughton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Hanwell Castle | Castellated house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Hanwell Castle Geograph-2517778-by-Ian-Rob.jpg | Private | Large surviving tower of unfortified building.<ref>"Hanwell Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Oxford Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Tidmarsh Lane - geograph.org.uk - 1621185 cropped.jpg | Hotel | Motte and the unusual, possibly Saxon, St. George's Tower.<ref>Blair (1998), p.137.</ref> |
| Rotherfield Greys Castle | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Tower and ruined wall, Grey's Court.jpg | Template:Sort | Towers and section of wall survive, close to Greys Court.<ref>"Greys Court" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Shirburn Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Rebuilt | File:Shirburn-cropped.jpg | Private | Originally stone, largely rebuilt in brick c. 1720, remodelled in the 19th century.<ref>"Shirburn Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Wallingford Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Wallingford castle ruins.jpg | Template:Sort | Slighted in 1652, impressive earthworks remain.<ref>"Wallingford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
RutlandEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oakham Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Oakham Castle.jpg | Template:Sort / Rutland County Council | Aisled great hall built in 1180–1190 survives.<ref>"Oakham Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
ShropshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
.jpg){kind=link}
SomersetEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
South YorkshireEdit
{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conisbrough Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Conisbrough Castle Doncaster winter time.jpg | Template:Sort | Cylindrical keep, castle ruinous before English Civil War, so escaped slighting.<ref>"Conisbrough Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Tickhill Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Tickhill Castle.JPG | Duchy of Lancaster | Ruined gatehouse and parts of curtain walls remain.<ref>"Tickhill Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
StaffordshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or nothing remains include:<ref name="King"/>
Template:Flatlist<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Sticky header
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alton Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Alton Castle.jpg | Youth centre | Cliff-top position, site partly occupied by a 19th-century building.<ref>"Alton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Caverswall Castle | Enclosure castle | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Caverswall Castle.jpg | Private | Moated, walls and towers reduced in height, a 17th-century mansion built within.<ref>"Caverswall Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Chartley Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Chartley Castle ruins 2.jpg | Private | Altered in 13th century to form enclosure castle, abandoned by 1485.<ref>"Chartley Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Eccleshall Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:EccleshallCastle.jpg | Private | Remains partly incorporated into house of c. 1695, rebuilt in the 19th century.<ref>"Eccleshall Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Stafford Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Earthworks | File:Stafford Castle 2.jpg | Template:Sort / Stafford Borough Council | Medieval keep partly rebuilt in the 19th century, then partly demolished.<ref>"Stafford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Stourton Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Fragment | File:Stourton Castle - geograph.org.uk - 196085.jpg | Private | Remains incorporated in later buildings.<ref>"Stourton Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Tamworth Castle | Shell keep | Template:Sort | Rebuilt | File:Tamworth Castle 343714.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Largely rebuilt in the 16–18th centuries.<ref>"Tamworth Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Tutbury Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary ruins | File:The entrance to Tutbury Castle - geograph.org.uk - 632661.jpg | Template:Sort | Slighted in 1647–48, a 19th-century folly stands on the motte.<ref>"Tutbury Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
SuffolkEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
SurreyEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farnham Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Farnham Castle keep.jpg | Template:Sort | Shell keep replaced earlier keep part buried, part remodelled in the 17th century.<ref>"Farnham Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Guildford Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Guildford castle 1.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Tower keep survives, roofless since c. 17th century.<ref>"Guildford Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
Tyne and WearEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little remains include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
WarwickshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Astley Castle | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Shell | File:Astley Castle - geograph.org.uk - 480702.jpg | Landmark Trust | Altered 15–19th centuries, hotel prior to fire in 1978. Modern living space constructed within shell, winner of Stirling Prize 2013.<ref>"Astley Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Kenilworth Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Kenilworth Castle gatehouse landscape.jpg | Template:Sort | Altered in the 16th century, slighted in 1650.<ref>"Kenilworth Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Maxstoke Castle | Quadrangular castle | Template:Sort | Substantially intact | File:Maxstoke Castle, 2010.jpg | NGS | Moated, domestic buildings of 15–19th centuries within curtain walls.<ref>"Maxstoke Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Warwick Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:WarwickCastle FromStMarysChurch 2.jpg | Template:Sort | Guy's tower rises Template:Convert, 17th-century residential block, remodelled by Anthony Salvin after fire.<ref>"Warwick Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
West MidlandsEdit
Template:See also Castles of which little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dudley Castle | Keep and bailey | 700 AD or 1070/1 | Ruins | File:Dudley Castle -England-8.jpg | Template:Sort Dudley Zoo |
Slighted in 1647, then rebuilt and inhabited until destroyed by fire in 1750, partly restored in the 19th century.<ref>"Dudley Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
West SussexEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amberley Castle | Castle | Template:Sort | Partly habitable | File:Amberley castle.jpg | Hotel | Remodelled in the 16th century and later, incorporates a 12th-century manor, working portcullis.<ref>"Amberley Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> | |
| Arundel Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Heavily restored | File:Arundel, the castle from the southeast - geograph.org.uk - 479538.jpg | Template:Sort Duke of Norfolk |
Remodelled in 1791–1815 and 1890–1903.<ref>"Arundel Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> | |
| Bramber Castle | Keep and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Bramber Castle from Bramber churchyard.jpg | Template:Sort | Commanding position, earthworks and fragment of wall remain.<ref>"Bramber Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> | |
| Halnaker House | Fortified manor house | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Halnaker House.jpg | Private | Altered in the 18th century, fell into ruin 1880s, replaced by later house of same name.<ref>"Halnaker House" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> | |
| (Old) Knepp Castle | Keep and motte | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Knepp Castle 5.jpg | Private | citation | CitationClass=web
}}</ref> |
West YorkshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
| Name | Type | Date | Condition | Image | Ownership / Access | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dobroyd Castle | Sham Castle | Template:Sort | Intact | File:Dobroyd Castle, Todmorden - geograph.org.uk - 94344.jpg | Activity centre | By John Gibson.<ref>"Dobroyd Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Harewood Castle | Tower house | Template:Sort | Ruins | File:Harewood Castle.jpg | Private | Shell of tower, substantially intact, within Harewood House estate.<ref>"Harewood Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Pontefract Castle | Enclosure castle | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:Pontefract Castle Keep1.jpg | Template:Sort Local authority |
Royal castle, withstood three sieges during English Civil War, afterwards dismantled.<ref>"Pontefract Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
| Sandal Castle | Motte and bailey | Template:Sort | Fragmentary remains | File:SandalCastleMotte.jpg | Template:Sort | Well-preserved earthworks, excavated site with visitor centre.<ref>"Sandal Castle" Template:Webarchive PSC.</ref> |
WiltshireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
WorcestershireEdit
Template:See also Castles of which only earthworks remain include:<ref name="King"/> Template:Flatlist
.jpg){kind=link}
See alsoEdit
- Military history of the United Kingdom
- Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
- List of castles in Ireland
- Castles in Scotland
- Castles in the Isle of Man
- List of castles in Wales
- List of castles
ReferencesEdit
- Key to sources
- BLB – British Listed Buildings website (retrieved March 2011; last accessed 5 October 2012)
- PSC – Pastscape website (retrieved September 2011; last accessed 5 October 2012)
BibliographyEdit
- Blair, John (1998) Anglo-Saxon Oxfordshire London: Sutton. Template:ISBN.
- Brown, R. Allen (1962) English Castles London: Batsford. Template:ISBN.
- Creighton, Oliver (2002) Castles and Landscapes London: Continuum. Template:ISBN.
- Elton, Geoffrey R. (1991) England Under the Tudors London: Routledge. Template:ISBN.
- Emery, Anthony (1996) Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300-1500: Volume 1, Northern England Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN
- Harrington, Peter (2007) The Castles of Henry VIII Oxford: Osprey. Template:ISBN.
- Template:Citation
- Higham, Robert; Barker, Philip (1992) Timber Castles London: Batsford. Template:ISBN.
- Impey, Edward; Parnell, Geoffrey (2000) The Tower of London: The Official Illustrated History Merrell Publishers in association with Historic Royal Palaces. Template:ISBN.
- King, D.J. Cathcart (1983) Castellarium Anglicanum: An Index and Bibliography of the Castles in England, Wales and the Islands London: Kraus International Publications Template:ISBN.
- King, D.J. Cathcart (1988) The Castle in England and Wales: An Interpretative History London: Croom Helm. Template:ISBN.
- Template:Citation Template:Open access
- Thompson, Michael (1987) The Decline of the Castle Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Template:ISBN.
External linksEdit
Template:Architecture of England Template:List of castles in EuropeTemplate:Châteaux