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Malva

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File:Verge flower 8.JPG
Malva sylvestris
File:پنیرک یا توله، بهبهان.jpg
Cheeseweed, Behbahan, Iran

Malva is a genus of herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial plants in the family Malvaceae. It is one of several closely related genera in the family to bear the common English name mallow. The genus is widespread throughout the temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Europe.<ref name="60436984-2" />

The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed. The flowers are from 0.5–5 cm diameter, with five pink, lilac, purple or white petals.

EtymologyEdit

The word "mallow" is derived from Old English "mealwe", which was imported from Latin "malva", cognate with Ancient Greek μαλάχη (malakhē) meaning "mallow", both perhaps reflecting a Mediterranean term.<ref>O.E.D (1989) 2nd.ed. vol.IX, p.271 col.3; P.Chantraine, Dictionnaire de la langue grecque, Klincksieck, Paris 1968, vol.2 p.662. The Italian linguist Vincenzo Cocco proposed an etymological link to Georgian malokhi, comparing also Hebrew מַלּוּחַ (malúakh) meaning "salty". Gordon Douglas Young, Mark William Chavalas, Richard E. Averbeck, Kevin L. Danti, (eds.) Crossing boundaries and linking horizons: studies in honor of Michael C. Astour on his 80th birthday, CDL Press, 1997 pp.162-3.</ref> which has a purple colour; ultimately of Semitic origin.

In 1859, the colour mauve was named after the French name for this plant.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

UsesEdit

File:دشت گیاه پنیرک یا توله، بهبهان .jpg
Wild Cheeseweed Field, Behbahan

Ornamental plantEdit

Several species are widely grown as garden flowers.Template:Citation needed Very easily grown, short-lived perennials are often grown as ornamental plants.<ref name=Nyerges/>

FoodEdit

Many species are edible as leaf vegetables<ref name=Nyerges>Template:Cite book</ref> and commonly foraged. Known as ebegümeci in Turkish, itTemplate:Which is used as vegetable in Turkey in various forms such as stuffing the leaves with bulgur or rice or using the boiled leaves as side dish. Malva verticillata (Template:Zh, Korean: {{#invoke:Lang|lang}} auk) is grown on a limited commercial scale in China; when made as a herbal infusion, it is used for its colon cleansing properties and as a weight loss supplement.Template:Citation needed

In the Levant, Malva nicaeensis leaves and fruit are used as food (e.g., khubeza patties).

Mild tasting, young mallow leavesTemplate:Which can be a substitute for lettuce, whereas older leaves are better cooked as a leafy green vegetable. The buds and flowers can be used in salads. Small fruits that grow on the plants can also be eaten raw.<ref name=Nyerges/>

Bodos of Northeast India cultivate a subspecies of Malva called lapha and use it extensively in their traditional cuisine, although its use is not much known among other people of India except in the northern Indian state of Kashmir where Malva leaves are a highly cherished vegetable dish called "Soachal".Template:Fact

Medical useEdit

In Catalonia (Spain) they use the leaves to cure the sting or paresthesia of the stinging nettle (Urtica dioica).

Leaves of various species Malva have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally as tea or externally as baths for treatment of disorders of the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> The leaves can also be chewed to soothe coughs or sore throats.<ref name=Nyerges/>

CultivationEdit

Cultivation is by sowing the seeds directly outdoors in early spring. The seed is easy to collect, and they will often spread themselves by seed.

Some Malva species are invasive weeds, particularly in the Americas where, excluding those species native to Baja California and California, most were introduced.<ref name="60436984-2" />

HistoryEdit

File:Portrait of Louise Vernet.png
Portrait of Louise Vernet by Horace Vernet, 1830. She is shown clutching a mallow

The third century BC physician Diphilus of Siphnus wrote that "[mallow] juice lubricates the windpipe, nourishes, and is easily digested."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Horace mentions it in reference to his own diet, which he describes as very simple: "Me pascunt olivae, / me cichorea levesque malvae" ("As for me, olives, endives, and mallows provide sustenance").<ref>Horace, Odes 31, ver 15, c. 30 BC</ref> Lord Monboddo describes his translation of an ancient epigram that demonstrates Malva was planted upon the graves of the ancients, stemming from the belief that the dead could feed on such perfect plants.<ref>Letter from Monboddo to John Hope, 29 April 1779; reprinted by William Knight 1900 Template:ISBN.Template:Page needed</ref>

SpeciesEdit

The following 61 species are accepted:<ref name="60436984-2" >{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Template:Div col

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ReferencesEdit

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External linksEdit

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