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Marine park

Article Discussion

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File:Tunku Abdul Rahman Park 001.jpg
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park

A marine park is a designated park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) set aside to achieve ecological sustainability, promote marine awareness and understanding, enable marine recreational activities, and provide benefits for Indigenous peoples and coastal communities.<ref name = "National Marine Conservation Areas">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref> Most marine parks are managed by national governments, and organized like 'watery' national parks, whereas marine protected areas and marine reserves are often managed by a subnational entity or non-governmental organization, such as a conservation authority.<ref name = "Conservation Authority">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }} </ref>

The largest marine park used to be the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, at 350,000 km² until 2010, when the United Kingdom announced the opening of the Chagos Marine Park or Chagos Archipelago.Template:Citation needed

Although for many uses it is sufficient to designate the boundaries of the marine park and to inform commercial fishing boats and other maritime enterprises, some parks have gone to additional effort to make their wonders accessible to visitors. These can range from glass-bottomed boats and small submarines, to windowed undersea tubes.

In New Zealand a marine reserve is an area which has a higher degree of legal protection than marine parks for conservation purposes.Template:Citation needed

In New South Wales, there are planned marine parks which will stretch along the coastline of the entire state.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

France and its territories are home to nine marine parks, known as Template:Interlanguage link.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

List of marine parksEdit

AfricaEdit

AmericasEdit

ChileEdit

CanadaEdit

MexicoEdit

United StatesEdit

AsiaEdit

CambodiaEdit

ChinaEdit

Hong KongEdit

IndiaEdit

IndonesiaEdit

JapanEdit

MalaysiaEdit

PhilippinesEdit

SingaporeEdit

TaiwanEdit

ThailandEdit

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EuropeEdit

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High seasEdit

Nearly all existing marine reserves have been set close to shore, mostly in territorial waters. A main reason for this lies in the fragmented nature of maritime governance in international waters, the poor enforcement of existing regulations in the High seas, plus the difficult co-management that would be required of countries often in conflict. How to circumvent such obstacles? In 2011, based on unique biological, geological and oceanographic features, the Mediterranean Science Commission proposed the creation of eight large international, coast-to coast "Marine Peace Parks" in the Mediterranean Sea where no coastal point is farther than 200 nautical miles from waters under another jurisdiction. The trans-frontier structure of such 'Peace' Parks puts this problem aside, encouraging the local Governments involved to join forces in the pursuit of a cause higher than their national interest without prejudice to current national claims .<ref>Marine Peace Parks in the Mediterranean. Feb. 2011. Briand, F. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239940856_Marine_Peace_Parks_in_the_Mediterranean</ref>

Greenpeace is campaigning for the "doughnut holes" of the western pacific to be declared as marine reserves.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> They are also campaigning for 40 percent of the world’s oceans to be protected as marine reserves.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

OceaniaEdit

AustraliaEdit

Australian governmentEdit

Template:See also The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas (MPA) that are Commonwealth reserves under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

New South WalesEdit
QueenslandEdit
South AustraliaEdit

Template:Further As of December 2013, the following marine parks have been declared under the Marine Parks Act 2007 (SA) :<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

VictoriaEdit

Template:Further The state of Victoria has protected approximately 5.3% of coastal waters. In June 2002, legislation was passed to establish 13 Marine National Parks and 11 Marine Sanctuaries. Victoria is the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected Marine National Parks at the same time.<ref> Template:Citation </ref> Additional areas are listed as Marine Parks or Marine Reserves, which provides a lower level of protection and allows activities such as commercial and recreational fishing.

The marine national parks are:

Western AustraliaEdit

Kimberley region:

Gascoyne region:

MicronesiaEdit

New ZealandEdit

Papua New GuineaEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

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