Incubator escapee wiki

Maude Adams

Article Discussion

Template:Short description Template:About Template:Use mdy dates Template:Use American English

Template:Infobox person

Maude Ewing Adams Kiskadden (November 11, 1872 – July 17, 1953), known professionally as Maude Adams, was an American actress and stage designer who achieved her greatest success as the character Peter Pan, first playing the role in the 1905 Broadway production of Peter Pan; or, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up.<ref name=Patterson>Template:Cite book</ref> Adams's personality appealed to a large audience and helped her become the most successful and highest-paid performer of her day, with a yearly income of more than $1 million during her peak.<ref name=Patterson/><ref name="trivia-library.com">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Adams began performing as a child while accompanying her actress mother on tour. At the age of 16, she made her Broadway debut, and under Charles Frohman's management, she became a popular player alongside leading man John Drew Jr. in the early 1890s. Beginning in 1897, Adams starred in plays by J. M. Barrie, including The Little Minister, Quality Street, What Every Woman Knows and Peter Pan. These productions made Adams the most popular actress in America.<ref>Marcosson and Frohman, p. 175</ref> Her work on these shows' production design and innovative technical lighting helped to make them a success, and she was named as inventor on three light bulb patents. She also performed in a number of other plays. Her last Broadway play, in 1916, was Barrie's A Kiss for Cinderella. After a 13-year retirement, she appeared in more Shakespeare plays and then taught acting in Missouri. She retired to upstate New York.

Early life and careerEdit

File:Maude Adams age 1880.jpg
Adams (left) and Flora Walsh in The Wandering Boys in San Francisco, 1880

Adams was born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, the daughter of Asaneth Ann "Annie" (née Adams) and James Henry Kiskadden. Adams's mother was an actress, and her father had jobs working for a bank and in a mine.<ref name="Utah">Template:Citation</ref> Little else is known about Adams's father, who died when she was young.<ref>The 1870 Utah census lists James H. Kiskadden as the head of a household that included his wife, Lucina, and several younger Adamses, perhaps siblings of Lucina. James reported his birthplace as Ohio. The 1880 California census reports James Kisskaden (age 48), Anne Kisskaden (age 29) and Maude Kisskaden (age 7) living in San Francisco. The latter two list their birthplace as Utah.</ref> James was not a Mormon, and Adams once wrote of her father as having been a "gentile". The surname "Kiskadden" is Scottish. On her mother's side, Adams's great-grandfather Platt Banker converted to Mormonism and moved his family to Missouri, where his daughter Julia married Barnabus Adams. Barnabus and Julia then migrated as part of the first company to enter the Salt Lake Valley with Brigham Young in 1847, where he cut timbers for the Salt Lake Tabernacle.<ref name=RSobit>Cannon, Ramona W. "Woman's Sphere", Relief Society Magazine, September 1953, Vol 40, no. 9, p. 595</ref> Adams was also a descendant of Mayflower passenger John Howland.<ref name=GBR500>Template:Citation</ref>

Adams appeared on stage at two months old in the play The Lost Baby at the Salt Lake City Brigham Young Theatre.<ref name="Women of Character">Template:Cite book</ref> She appeared again at the age of nine months in her mother's arms. Over her father's objections, Adams began acting as a small child, adopting her mother's maiden name as her stage name. They toured throughout the western U.S. with a theatrical troupe that played in rural areas, mining towns and some cities.<ref name=Utah/> At the age of five, Adams starred in a San Francisco theater as "Little Schneider" in Fritz, Our German Cousin and as "Adrienne Renaud" in A Celebrated Case.<ref name="trivia-library.com"/> At the age of nine, Adams lived with her Mormon grandmother and Mormon cousins in Salt Lake City while her mother remained in San Francisco.<ref name=Mormons>Template:Cite book</ref> It is not clear whether she identified as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as her mother did. She was never baptized as a Presbyterian, although she attended a Presbyterian school.<ref name=Mormons/> Later in life, Adams took long sabbaticals in Catholic convents, and in 1922 she donated her estates in Lake Ronkonkoma, New York, to the Sisters of the Cenacle for use as a novitiate and retreat house.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> She never converted to Catholicism or discussed the topic in any interviews.<ref name=Mormons/>

Adams debuted in New York at the age of ten in Esmeralda and then returned briefly to California. She then returned to Salt Lake City to live with her grandmother and studied at the Salt Lake Collegiate Institute.<ref name=Utah/> She later wrote of Salt Lake City: "The people of the valley have gentle manners, as if their spirits moved with dignity."<ref name=RSobit/> Adams also later wrote the short essay "The One I Knew Least", where she described her difficulty in discovering her personality because of playing so many theatrical roles as a child.<ref name=Utah/>

Early adult careerEdit

File:Adams Peter Pan.jpg
Adams as Peter Pan, 1905

Adams returned to New York City at the age of 16 to appear in The Paymaster. She then became a member of E. H. Sothern's theatre company in Boston, appearing in The Highest Bidder, and then was on Broadway in Lord Chumley in 1888. Charles H. Hoyt then cast her in A Midnight Bell where audiences, if not the critics, took notice of her. In 1889, sensing he had a potential new star on his hands, Hoyt offered her a five-year contract, but Adams declined in favor of a lesser offer from the powerful producer Charles Frohman who, from that point forward, took control of her career. She soon left behind juvenile parts and began to play leading roles for Frohman,<ref name=Utah/> often alongside her mother.<ref>"Annie Adams", Internet Broadway Database, accessed January 20, 2016</ref> In 1890, Frohman asked David Belasco and Henry C. de Mille to specially write the part of Dora Prescott for Adams in their new play Men and Women, which Frohman was producing. The next year, she appeared as Nell in The Lost Paradise.

In 1892, John Drew Jr. (one of the leading stars of the day) ended his 18-year association with Augustin Daly and joined Frohman's company. Frohman paired Adams and Drew in a series of plays beginning with The Masked Ball and ending with Rosemary in 1896. She then spent five years as the leading lady in John Drew's company.<ref name="cp">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> There, according to historian Ann Engar, "her work was praised for its charm, delicacy, and simplicity."<ref name=Utah/> The Masked Ball opened on October 8, 1892. Audiences came to see its star, Drew, but left remembering Adams. Most memorable was a scene in which her character feigned tipsiness for which she received a two-minute ovation on opening night. Drew was the star, but it was for Adams that the audience gave twelve curtain calls, and previously tepid critics gave generous reviews. Harpers Weekly wrote: "It is difficult to see just who is going to prevent Miss Adams from becoming the leading exponent of light comedy in America. The New York Times wrote that Adams, "not John Drew, has made the success of The Masked Ball at Palmer's, and is the star of the comedy. Manager Charles Frohman, in attempting to exploit one star, has happened upon another of greater magnitude." The tipsy scene started Adams on her path to being a favorite among New York audiences and led to an eighteen-month run for the play.

Less successful plays followed, including The Butterflies, The Bauble Shop, Christopher, Jr., The Imprudent Young Couple and The Squire of Dames. But 1896 saw an upturn for Adams with Rosemary, That's for Remembrance. A comedy about the elopement of a young couple, sheltered for the night by an older man (Drew), the play received critical praise and box office success.<ref name="manybooks.net">Marcosson and Frohman, p. 128</ref>

Barrie and stardomEdit

File:The-Little-Minister-1897.jpg
Adams and Robert Edeson in The Little Minister, 1897
File:Maude Adams in The Little Minister.jpg
Poster for The Little Minister, 1897
File:Mucha-Maud Adams as Joan of Arc-1909.jpg
Adams as Joan of Arc, by Alphonse Mucha, 1909

Frohman had been pursuing J. M. Barrie (the future author of Peter Pan) to adapt the author's popular book The Little Minister into a play, but Barrie had resisted because he felt there was no actress who could play Lady Babbie. On a trip to New York in 1896, Barrie attended a performance of Rosemary and at once decided that Adams was the actress to play Lady Babbie.<ref name="manybooks.net"/><ref name=Famous1>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Frohman worried that the masculine aspects of the book might overshadow Adams's role. With Barrie's consent, several key scenes were changed to favor Lady Babbie.<ref>Marcosson and Frohman, p. 129</ref> The play opened in 1897 at the Empire Theatre and was a tremendous success, running for 300 performances in New York (289 of which were standing room only) and setting a new all-time box office record of $370,000; it made Adams a star.<ref>Marcosson and Frohman, p. 131</ref><ref name=Famous1/> It also toured successfully, running for 65 performances in Boston.<ref name=Utah/>

Another play by Barrie, Peter Pan; or, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up (1904), became the role with which Adams was most closely identified. She was the first actress to play Peter Pan on Broadway. Only days after her casting was announced, Adams had an emergency appendectomy, and it was uncertain whether her health would allow her to assume the role as planned. Peter Pan opened on October 16, 1905 at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. to little success.<ref>Fields, p. 184</ref> It soon moved to Broadway, where the play had a long run.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Adams appeared in the role on Broadway several times over the following decade.Template:Citation needed The collar of her 1905 Peter Pan costume, which she had co-designed, was an immediate fashion success and was henceforth known as the "Peter Pan collar".<ref name="Felsenthal">Template:Cite news</ref>

Adams starred in other works by Barrie, including Quality Street (1901), What Every Woman Knows (1908), The Legend of Leonora (1914) and A Kiss for Cinderella (1916). In 1899, she portrayed Shakespeare's Juliet. While audiences responded to her performance with standing ovations, critics generally disliked it. The critic Alan Dale, reviewing her debut in the role at the Empire Theatre, called her Elizabethan English "grotesque at times" and commented that Adams had performed with "pretty purring", not classical. On the other hand, he described her performance as "romantic", "sublime" and "not sinking beneath the waves."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Audiences loved her in the role,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> selling out the 16 performances in New York.Template:Citation needed Romeo and Juliet was followed by L'Aiglon in 1900, a French play about the life of Napoleon II of France in which Adams played the leading role, foreshadowing her portrayal of another male (Peter Pan) five years later. The play had starred Sarah Bernhardt in Paris with enthusiastic reviews, but Adams's L'Aiglon received mixed reviews in New York. In 1909, she played Joan of Arc in Friedrich Schiller's The Maid of Orleans. This was produced on a huge scale at the Harvard University Stadium by Adams.<ref name=Patent/><ref>"Maude Adams in a Rehearsal of "Joan of Arc" at the Stadium. The New York Times, May 30, 1909</ref> The June 24, 1909 edition of the Paducah Evening Sun (Kentucky) contains the following excerpt:

Joan at Harvard, Schiller's Play reproduced on Gigantic scale. ... The experiment of producing Schiller's Maid of Orleans beneath starry skies … was carried out [by] Adams and a company numbering about two thousand persons ... at the Harvard Stadium. ... A special electric light plant was installed ... a great cathedral was erected, background constructed and a realistic forest created. ... Miss Adams was accorded an ovation at the end of the performance.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web

}}</ref>

She appeared in another French play with 1911's Chantecler, the story of a rooster who believes his crowing makes the sun rise.<ref name=Bloom8>Template:Cite book</ref> She fared only slightly better than in L'Aiglon with the critics, but audiences again embraced her, on one occasion giving her 22 curtain calls.<ref name=Bloom8/> Adams later cited it as her favorite role, with Peter Pan a close second.

Later years and deathEdit

Adams retired in 1918 after a severe bout of influenza.<ref name=harbin>Harbin, Marra and Schanke, pp. 15–18</ref> During the 1920s, she worked with General Electric to patent improved and more powerful stage lighting,<ref name=Patent>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> (Template:US Patent, Template:US Patent, Template:US Patent) and with the Eastman Company, to develop color photography. It has been suggested that her motivation for her association with these technology companies was that she wished to appear in a color film version of Peter Pan, and this would have required better lighting and techniques for color photography.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Her electric lights ultimately became the industry standard in Hollywood with the advent of sound in motion pictures in the late 1920s.<ref name=UWH>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> After 13 years away from the stage, she returned to acting, appearing occasionally in regional productions of Shakespeare plays, including as Portia in The Merchant of Venice in Ohio, in 1931, and as Maria in Twelfth Night in 1934 in Maine.<ref name=Utah/>

Often described as shy, Adams was described by Ethel Barrymore as the "original 'I want to be alone' woman".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Her retiring lifestyle, including the absence of any relationships with men, contributed to the virtuous and innocent public image promoted by Frohman and was reflected in her most successful roles. Biographers have concluded that Adams was a lesbian.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> She had two long-term relationships that ended upon her partners' deaths: Lillie Florence, from the early 1890s until 1901, and Louise Boynton from 1905 until 1951.<ref name=harbin/>Template:Rp Adams was known to sometimes supplement fellow performers' salaries from her own pay.<ref name=UWH/> Once, while she was touring, a theater owner significantly raised the price of tickets, knowing Adams's name meant a sold-out house. Adams made the owner refund the difference before she appeared on the stage that night.<ref>Robbins (1956), p. 219</ref> Adams was the head of the drama department at Stephens College in Missouri from 1937 to 1949, becoming known as an inspiring acting teacher.<ref name="cp"/><ref>Fields, p. 299</ref>

After her retirement, Adams was on occasion pursued for roles in film. The closest she came to accepting was in 1938, when producer David O. Selznick persuaded her to do a screen test (with Janet Gaynor, who later played the female lead) for the role of Miss Fortune in the film The Young in Heart. After negotiations failed, the role was played by Minnie Dupree. The 12-minute screen test was preserved by the George Eastman House in 2004.<ref name="bampfa preserved">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

She died, aged 80, at her summer home, Caddam Hill, in Tannersville, New York, and is interred in the cemetery of the Sisters of the Cenacle, Lake Ronkonkoma, New York.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Louise Boynton is buried alongside her.<ref>Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2. McFarland & Company (2016) Template:ISBN In 1898, Adams purchased a farm in Lake Ronkonkoma called Sandy Garth, which in 1922 she donated to the Sisters of St. Regis, and had the Cenacle Retreat House built for them. See Template:Cite book</ref>

File:Maude Adams as Phoebe in Quality Street.jpg
Adams as Phoebe in Quality Street, 1901

In popular cultureEdit

The character of Elise McKenna in Richard Matheson's 1975 novel Bid Time Return and its 1980 film adaptation, Somewhere in Time (played by Jane Seymour), was based on Adams.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Broadway appearancesEdit

Template:Div col

Template:Div col end

NotesEdit

Template:Reflist

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit

  • Robbins, Phyllis. The Young Maude Adams (1959)
  • Template:Cite book
  • Jackson, Vicky. "Maude Adams" in Jane Gaines, Radha Vatsal, and Monica Dall’Asta (eds.) Women Film Pioneers Project, New York, NY: Columbia University Libraries (2016)

External linksEdit

Template:Portal Template:Sister project

  • {{#if: {{#property:P1220}}

| [https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/{{#if: 

 | {{{id}}}
 | Template:First word
 }} {{#if: 
 | {{{name}}}
 | Template:PAGENAMEBASE
 }}] at the Internet Broadway DatabaseTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck{{#ifeq:0|0|{{#if:||}}}}

| {{IBDB name}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.{{#ifeq:0|0|}}

}} 

 | name/{{#if:{{#invoke:ustring|match|1=5155958|2=^nm}}
   | Template:Trim/
   | nm5155958/
   }}
 | {{#if: {{#property:P345}}
   | name/Template:First word/
   | find?q=%7B%7B%23if%3A+%0A++++++%7C+%7B%7B%7Bname%7D%7D%7D%0A++++++%7C+%5B%5B%3ATemplate%3APAGENAMEBASE%5D%5D%0A++++++%7D%7D&s=nm
   }}
 }}{{#if: 5155958  {{#property:P345}} | {{#switch: 
 | award | awards = awards Awards for | biography | bio = bio Biography for
 }}}} {{#if: 
 | {{{name}}}
 | Template:PAGENAMEBASE
 }}] at IMDb{{#if: 5155958{{#property:P345}}
 | Template:EditAtWikidata
 | Template:Main other

}}{{#switch:{{#invoke:string2|matchAny|^nm.........|^nm.......|nm|.........|source=5155958|plain=false}} 

 | 1 | 3 =  Template:Main otherTemplate:Preview warning
 | 4 = Template:Main otherTemplate:Preview warning

}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:IMDb name with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|showblankpositional=1| 1 | 2 | id | name | section }}

  • {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "https://zalansite.site/mediawiki/index.php?title=Maude_Adams&oldid=330910"