Michael Carver

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox military person Field Marshal Richard Michael Power Carver, Baron Carver, Template:Postnominals (24 April 1915 – 9 December 2001) was a senior British Army officer. Lord Carver served as the Chief of the General Staff (CGS), the professional head of the British Army, and then as the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS), the professional head of the British Armed Forces. He served with distinction during the Second World War and organised the administration of British forces deployed in response to the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya and later in his career provided advice to the British government on the response to the early stages of The Troubles in Northern Ireland.

Military career

Early career

Carver was born in April 1915, during the First World War, the son of Harold Power Carver, a British Army officer, and Winifred Anne Gabrielle Carver (née Wellesley)<ref name=odnb>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> He was educated at Winchester College and the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, where he was awarded the King's Medal, which went to the highest-ranking gentlemen cadet in the order of merit.Template:Sfn From Sandhurst, Carver was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Royal Tank Corps of the British Army on 1 February 1935.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> After receiving special-to-arm training at the Tank Corps Depot in Bovington, Dorset, he joined the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Tank Corps at Farnborough, Hampshire, in October.Template:Sfn He then attended a short course at the Royal Military College of Science before returning to his battalion. He was promoted to lieutenant on 31 January 1938.Template:Sfn<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> Soon after this promotion he went to Egypt with the 1st (Light) Battalion of his regiment, which, with the formation of the Royal Armoured Corps (RAC) in April 1939, became the Royal Tank Regiment (RTR), with Carver's battalion becoming the 1st Royal Tank Regiment.Template:Sfn

Second World War

He served in the Second World War, which began in September 1939, with Carver still serving in Egypt. In late December he was made a camp commandant at the headquarters of the Mobile Division (Egypt) which in February 1940 became the 7th Armoured Division. Three months later he was promoted to the acting rank of captain and was made staff captain with the divisional HQ.Template:Sfn In this role he was responsible for organising the division's logistical support, a post he held during the early stages of the Western Desert campaign, fought mainly against the Italians, and for which he was later to be mentioned in dispatches, once in April 1941,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and again in July.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>Template:Sfn

In the aftermath of the campaign Carver was sent to Palestine where, from April to August, he attended the Staff College, Haifa, before returning to the 7th Armoured Division, now with the acting rank of major, initially as a Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General (DAQMG) and later as a General Staff Officer Grade 2 (GSO2).Template:Sfn The duration of his stay was very short, however, as he was soon sent to Cairo as a GSO2 to help create a new corps HQ, XXX Corps, with which he served until August 1942, which included during Operation Crusader and in many of the most critical battles of the North African campaign in which the corps participated. During that time he was promoted yet again, to the war substantive rank of captain and temporary major, in November 1941.Template:Sfn His performance as a staff officer during this period was recognised with his being awarded the Military Cross in September 1942,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> a month after his promotion to the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel at the relatively young age of twenty-seven.Template:Sfn He also received a new appointment at this time, becoming GSO1, essentially chief of staff, of the 7th Armoured Division.<ref name="Generals of World War II"/> He served with this formation in several engagements, including the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942, and throughout most of the Tunisian campaign which followed. He received a promotion to the permanent rank of captain in January 1943.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

He was appointed Commanding officer of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment in April 1943,<ref name="Generals of World War II">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> leading them in North Africa for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 4 May 1943<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and in Italy for which he was awarded a Bar to his DSO on 24 February 1944.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He was appointed commander of the 4th Armoured Brigade on 27 June 1944 after its previous commander, Brigadier John Cecil Currie, was killed in action. With his new appointment came a promotion to the acting rank of brigadier, making Carver, at just twenty-nine, the youngest of his rank in the British Army.<ref name="Generals of World War II"/> He led his brigade in the remainder of the fighting in Normandy and then throughout the subsequent campaign in North West Europe which followed until the German surrender in May 1945.Template:Sfn He was also appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1945.<ref name=odnb/>

File:Flickr - davehighbury - Bovington Tank Museum 347 lord carver.jpg

Carver's uniform at the Bovington Tank Museum.

Post-War

Carver became a Technical Staff officer to the Ministry of Supply in 1947,Template:Sfn and having been promoted to the substantive rank of major on 31 January 1948,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> he became Assistant Quartermaster-General (Plans) at Headquarters Allied Forces Central Europe in May 1951Template:Sfn and then head of the exercise planning staff at SHAPE in October 1952.<ref name=odnb/> Having been promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 27 March 1954<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and to colonel on 17 June 1954,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> he was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff at East Africa Command in June 1954;Template:Sfn he took part in the closing stages of the response to the Mau Mau Uprising in KenyaTemplate:Sfn for which he was mentioned in despatches on 19 July 1955.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> He was then elevated to Chief of Staff in East Africa in October 1955 and appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 8 March 1957.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> After attending the Imperial Defence College during most of 1957,Template:Sfn<ref name="Generals of World War II"/> he was appointed Director of Plans at the War Office in London in February 1958,Template:Sfn Commander of the 6th Brigade at Münster in January 1960Template:Sfn and General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 3rd Division with the rank of major-general on 4 September 1962.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> His division was deployed to Cyprus in February 1964 and he was made Director of Army Staff Duties at the Ministry of Defence on 7 October 1964<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> and it was in this role that he famously substantially reduced the size of the Territorial Army (TA).Template:Sfn

Having been advanced to a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1966 Queen's Birthday Honours,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> he was made GOC Far East Land Forces<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> with the rank of lieutenant-general on 28 July 1966,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> tri-service Commander-in-Chief of Far East Command in 1967 and, having been promoted to full general on 29 March 1968,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> GOC Southern Command on 12 May 1969.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> After being advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the 1970 Birthday Honours,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> he was appointed Chief of the General Staff (CGS) on 1 April 1971<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> in which role he provided advice to the British government on the response to the early stages of The Troubles in Northern Ireland.Template:Sfn Having been promoted to field marshal on 18 July 1973,<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref><ref name="Generals of World War II"/> he became Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) on 21 October 1973<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref> before retiring in October 1976.Template:Sfn In July 1977 he became a life peer as Baron Carver, of Shackleford in the County of Surrey.<ref>Template:London Gazette</ref>

Retirement

Carver was also Colonel Commandant of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers from February 1966, of the Royal Tank Regiment from January 1968, of the Bristol University Officer Training Corps from March 1972 and of the Royal Armoured Corps from April 1974.Template:Sfn

In August 1977 he was appointed resident commissioner designate for Rhodesia with responsibility for ending the dispute over independence there but resigned after fourteen months of deadlock.<ref name=odnb/> He wrote a number of books on military history and was a vocal critic of Britain's Trident missile programme, believing that as the American nuclear strike capability was sufficiently powerful it was inefficient for Britain to have an independent program.Template:Sfn

His interests included sailing, tennis and gardening.<ref>Debrett's People of Today 1994</ref> He died on 9 December 2001 in Fareham, Hampshire.<ref name=tele>Template:Cite news</ref>

Family

In 1947 he married Edith Lowry-Corry, a granddaughter of Henry Lowry-Corry; they had two sons and two daughters.Template:Sfn Lady Carver died in 2019.<ref>CARVER</ref> Carver's mother was related to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington.Template:Sfn

Books

• Second to None: The Royal Scots Greys 1918–1945 (1946)
• Tobruk (1956, Pan Books) Template:ISBN
• El Alamein (1962, Macmillan) Template:ISBN
• The War Lords (edited) (1976, Weidenfeld & Nicolson) Template:ISBN
• Harding of Petherton (1978, Weidenfeld & Nicolson) Template:ISBN
• The Apostles of Mobility: The Theory and Practice of Armoured Warfare (1979, Weidenfeld & Nicolson) Template:ISBN
• War Since 1945 (1980, Orion Publishing) Template:ISBN
• A Policy for Peace (1982, Faber and Faber) Template:ISBN
• The Seven Ages of the British Army (1984, Beaufort Books) Template:ISBN
• Dilemmas of the Desert War: A New Look at the Libyan Campaign, 1940-1942 (1986, Indiana University Press) Template:ISBN
• Twentieth-Century Warriors: The Development of the Armed Forces of the Major Military Nations in the Twentieth Century (1987, Weidenfeld & Nicolson) Template:ISBN
• Out of Step: Memoirs of a Field Marshal (1989, Hutchinson) Template:ISBN
• Tightrope Walking: British Defence Policy Since 1945 (1992, Hutchinson) Template:ISBN
• Britain's Army in the 20th Century (1998, Macmillan) Template:ISBN
• Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy: A Vital Contribution to Victory in Europe 1943–1945 (2002, Pan Books)
• The National Army Museum Book of the Turkish Front 1914–18: The Campaigns at Gallipoli, in Mesopotamia and in Palestine (2003, Sidgwick & Jackson) Template:ISBN

Bibliography

• Template:Cite book

External links

• Guardian obituary
• BBC obituary
• Independent obituary
• Imperial War Museum Interview
• War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Zero Hour; Interview with Michael Carver, 1987
• Generals of World War II

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