Mining accident

A mining accident is an accident that occurs during the process of mining minerals or metals. Thousands of miners die from mining accidents each year, especially from underground coal mining, although accidents also occur in hard rock mining. Coal mining is considered much more hazardous than hard rock mining due to flat-lying rock strata, generally incompetent rock, the presence of methane gas, and coal dust. Most of the deaths these days occur in developing countries, and rural parts of developed countries where safety measures are not practiced as fully. A mining disaster is an incident where there are five or more fatalities.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Causes

Mining accidents can occur from a variety of causes, including leaks of poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulfide<ref>Kucuker H. "Occupational fatalities among coal mine workers in Zonguldak, Turkey, 1994–2003". Occup Med (Lond) 2006 Mar;56(2):144–146. Template:PMID</ref> or explosive natural gases, especially firedamp or methane,<ref>Terazawa K, Takatori T, Tomii S, Nakano K. Methane asphyxia. Coal mine accident investigation of distribution of gas. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1985 Sep;6(3):211–214. Template:PMID</ref> dust explosions, collapsing of mine stopes, mining-induced seismicity, flooding, or general mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment (such as safety lamps or electrical equipment). The use of improper explosives underground can also cause methane and coal dust explosions.Template:Citation needed

Worst mining disaster in history

On April 26, 1942, in the Benxihu (Honkeiko) coal mine in Liaoning Province, China, what is believed to be the worst mining disaster in history occurred when a coal dust explosion killed over 1,500 people.<ref name="ten worst">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The disaster occurred in an area that is now within the borders of modern-day China but was at the time part of the puppet state of Manchukuo established by Japan after it invaded and occupied northeast China in the 1930s. The Japanese administrators of the mine forced Chinese labourers to conduct the mining work under harsh conditions. The disaster began with a fire in the mine. In order to suppress it, the Japanese operators cut off the air in the ventilation shafts and blocked off the mine so as to deprive the blaze of oxygen. Most workers were not evacuated before these actions, and they were trapped within the sealed-off area of the mine; they suffocated to death as the fire burned off oxygen and led to carbon monoxide poisoning. Once the fire died out and the mine was re-opened, ten days were required for workers to remove debris and reach the bodies of those who had been trapped inside the mine.<ref name="worst mining disasters">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The dead consisted of 1,518 Chinese and 31 Japanese. Most of the bodies were later buried in a mass grave. After the war and liberation of China by the Soviet Union, the disaster was investigated. The Soviet report concluded that the majority of the deaths were not caused directly by the initial fire but were the result of carbon monoxide poisoning and suffocation resulting from the decisions of the Japanese.<ref name="chinazhaoge">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>Template:Better source needed

Accidents by year

File:Mine No 6 Va explosion.png

Monongah Mining disaster West Virginia, US 1907.

File:Senghenydd pit disaster 1.jpg

Senghenydd pit, UK 1913.

File:Farmington-Mine-Disaster-smoke.jpg

The Farmington coal mine disaster kills 78. West Virginia, US 1968.

This is an incomplete list of notable mining accidents and disasters that have killed at least 10 persons:

19th century

Date	Disaster	Location	Type	Death toll	References
Template:Date	Felling Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Felling, England	coal dust explosion	92
Template:Date	Bignall Hill 1836	Template:Flagicon Bignall Hill, England	firedamp explosion	11	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Haswell mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Haswell, England	blackdamp explosion	95	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Black Vein Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Risca, Wales	accidental explosion	35	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	East Wheal Rose disaster	Template:Flagicon East Wheal Rose, England	flooding	39	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Ince Hall Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Ince-in-Makerfield, England	underground gas explosion	50	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Cymmer Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Cymmer, Wales	underground gas explosion	114	<ref name="Cymer">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:Date	Lundhill Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Wombwell, England	firedamp explosion	189
Template:Date	Black Vein Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Risca, Wales	methane gas explosion	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Hartley Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon New Hartley, England	fracture of pumping engine beam	204
Template:Date	Oaks explosion	Template:Flagicon Hoyle Mill, England	firedamp explosion	361
Template:Date	Talke o' the Hill Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Talke, England	underground gas explosion	89	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	First Ferndale Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Ferndale, Wales	underground gas explosion	178	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Second Ferndale Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Ferndale, Wales	underground gas explosion	53	<ref name="ferndale" />
Template:Date	Avondale Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Plymouth Township, Pennsylvania, United States	fire	110
Template:Date	Pelsall Hall Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Pelsall, England	sulfur explosion	22	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Drummond Colliery Disaster	Template:Flagicon Westville, Canada	firedamp explosion	70
Template:Date	Astley Deep Pit disaster	Template:Flagicon Dukinfield, England	firedamp explosion	54
Template:Date	1877 Blantyre mining disaster	Template:Flagicon Blantyre, Scotland	firedamp explosion	207	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Wood Pit disaster	Template:Flagicon Haydock, England	underground gas explosion	189
Template:Date	Abercarn colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Abercarn, Wales	firedamp explosion	268
Template:Date	Döllinger Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Dux, Bohemia	water leak	23	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Kaitangata Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Kaitangata, New Zealand	firedamp explosion	34
Template:Date	Victoria Colliery Stanley Pit explosion	Template:Flagicon Wakefield, England	firedamp explosion	21	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	1879 Blantyre mining disaster	Template:Flagicon Blantyre, Scotland	underground gas explosion	28	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Sowcrofts colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Kearsley, England	underground gas explosion	11	<ref name="whiston" />
Template:Date	Lady Fair Pit explosion	Template:Flagicon Leycett, England	firedamp explosion	62	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Risca New Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Wattsville, Wales	underground gas explosion	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Seaham Colliery explosions	Template:Flagicon Seaham, England	underground explosion	160	<ref>Seaham Colliery disaster report Durham Mining Museum</ref>
Template:Date	Foord Pit explosion	Template:Flagicon Stellarton, Canada	firedamp explosion	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Naval Colliery Explosion	Template:Flagicon Tonypandy, Wales	underground gas explosion	101	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	First Almy Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Almy, Wyoming, United States	underground gas explosion	38	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Rockslide of Elm	Template:Flagicon Elm, Switzerland	rockslide	115
Template:Date	Trimdon Grange Explosion	Template:Flagicon Trimdon Grange, England	underground gas explosion	69	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	First West Stanley Pit disaster	Template:Flagicon West Stanley, England	firedamp explosion	13
Template:Date	New Australasian Gold Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Creswick, Victoria	flooding	22
Template:Date	Diamond Mine Disaster	Template:Flagicon Braidwood, Illinois, United States	flooding	74	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Moorfield Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Altham, England	firedamp explosion	68	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Jokerville Mine Explosion	Template:Flagicon Crested Butte, Colorado, United States	methane gas explosion	59	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Laurel Mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Pocahontas, Virginia, United States	coal dust explosion	112	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	First Anina mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Anina, Hungary	fire	47	<ref name="banyaszat">Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:Date	Clifton Hall Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Clifton, England	firedamp explosion	177	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Mardy Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales	underground gas explosion	81	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Second Almy Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Almy, Wyoming, United States	underground gas explosion	11	<ref name="almy" />
Template:Date	Bedford Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Bedford, England	firedamp explosion	38
Template:Date	National Colliery 1887 disaster	Template:Flagicon Wattstown, Wales	underground gas explosion	39	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	La Boule, Borinage	Template:Flagicon La Boule, Borinage, Belgium	methane gas explosion	120	<ref name="ff597" />
Template:Date	Bulli Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Bulli, New South Wales	underground gas explosion	81	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	1887 Nanaimo mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Nanaimo, Canada	improper use of explosives	150
Template:Date	Udston mining disaster	Template:Flagicon Hamilton, Scotland	firedamp explosion	73
Template:Date	Mauricewood Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Penicuik, Scotland	fire	63
Template:Date	White Ash Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Golden, Colorado, United States	flooding	10
Template:Date	Mossfield Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Longton, England	coal dust explosion	64	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Hill Farm Mine Fire	Template:Flagicon Dunbar, Pennsylvania, United States	underground gas explosion	31	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Mammoth Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Mount Pleasant Township, Pennsylvania, United States	underground gas explosion	109
Template:Date	Springhill Mine Disaster	Template:Flagicon Springhill, Canada	coal dust explosion	125
Template:Date	Pratt No. 1 Mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Coalburg, Alabama, United States	firedamp explosion	11	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Template:Date	Mine No.11 explosion	Template:Flagicon Krebs, Oklahoma, United States	accidental set off of explosives	Template:Sort	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Roslyn mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Roslyn, Washington, United States	underground gas explosion	45	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Maria ore mine fire	Template:Flagicon Pribram, Bohemia	mine fire	319	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Parc Slip Colliery accident	Template:Flagicon Aberkenfig, Wales	underground gas explosion	112	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Great Western Mine fire	Template:Flagicon Hopkinstown, Wales	fire	63	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Combs Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Thornhill, England	firedamp explosion	139	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Senjski Rudnik disaster	Template:Flagicon Senjski Rudnik, Serbia	fire and cave-in	28	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Karwin mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Karwin, Bohemia	firedamp explosion	235	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Franklin Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Franklin, Washington, United States	fire	37	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Second Anina mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Anina, Hungary	underground gas explosion	48	<ref name="banyaszat" />
Template:Date	Diglake Colliery Flooding	Template:Flagicon Bignall End, England	flooding	77
Template:Date	Third Almy Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Almy, Wyoming, United States	underground gas explosion	62	<ref name="almy" />
Template:Date	Tylorstown No. 8 Pit disaster	Template:Flagicon Tylorstown, Wales	methane gas explosion	57	<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Date	Brunner Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Brunner Mine, New Zealand	firedamp explosion	65	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Peckfield Colliery Disaster	Template:Flagicon Micklefield, England	firedamp explosion	63	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Twin Shaft disaster	Template:Flagicon Pittston, Pennsylvania, United States	massive cave-in	58
Template:Date	Stockton Colliery disaster	Template:Flagicon Stockton, New South Wales	gas inhalation	11	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
Template:Date	Resica mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Domány, Hungary	underground gas explosion and fire	80	<ref name="banyaszat" /><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
Template:Date	Snaefell Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Snaefell, Isle of Man	carbon monoxide poisoning	20	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Second Resica mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Domány, Hungary	underground gas explosion and cave-in	10	<ref name="banyaszat" />
Template:Date	Dudley Colliery explosion	Template:Flagicon Redhead, New South Wales	firedamp explosion	15	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Whitwick Colliery Disaster	Template:Flagicon Coalville, England	fire	35	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Caledonia Mine explosion	Template:Flagicon Glace Bay, Canada	firedamp explosion	11	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Sumitomo Besshi mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Niihama, Japan	landslide	512	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>
Template:Date	Red Ash Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Fire Creek, West Virginia, United States	carbon monoxide poisoning	46
Template:Date	Scofield Mine disaster	Template:Flagicon Scofield, Utah, United States	coal dust explosion	Template:Sort
Template:Date	Frisch Glück Mine Disaster	Template:Flagicon Dux, Bohemia	underground gas explosion	55	citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>

20th century

• May 19, 1902: 216 miners were killed in the Fraterville Mine disaster in Fraterville, Tennessee
• January 25, 1904: 179 miners and two aid workers were killed in the Harwick mine disaster, Harwick, Pennsylvania
• April 28, 1904: 63 people were killed in Villanueva del Río, Sevilla; it was the worst mining accident recorded in Spain.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• October 28, 1904; 19 miners were killed in Tercio, Colorado by a coal dust explosion.<ref name="Sherard">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• February 20, 1905 Virginia City Mine explosion (Alabama), 112 killed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 10, 1906: Courrières mine disaster in Courrières, France. 1,099 workers died in the worst mine accident in European history.
• December 1, 1907: Naomi Mine Explosion in Fayette City, Pennsylvania. 34 workers died.
• December 4, 1907 Giroux Mining Accidents Ely, Nevada. 2 dead; 3 trapped.
• December 6, 1907: Monongah Mining disaster in Monongah, West Virginia. Official death toll is 362, but due to inadequate record keeping, the true death toll could be around 500.<ref>

Template:Cite book</ref> Victims were mostly Italian immigrant workers, including children. The disaster is widely considered the worst coal mining accident in American history.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

• December 16, 1907: Yolande mine explosion near Birmingham, Alabama. Fifty-seven killed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 19, 1907: Darr Mine disaster in Rostraver Township, Pennsylvania. 239 workers died, including children.
• August 18, 1908: Maypole Colliery disaster in Abram, Greater Manchester, England. 75 men and boys died.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• November 28, 1908: Marianna mine explosion near Marianna, Pennsylvania. 154 men killed, one survivor.<ref name="marianna">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• November 13, 1909: Cherry Mine disaster in Cherry, Illinois. 259 workers, some as young as eleven, died in this mine fire, which had the most fatalities of any mine fire in the United States.
• December 21, 1910: The Pretoria Pit disaster in Westhoughton, Lancashire, 344 men and boys lost their lives in this explosion, which is the worst mining disaster on one day in England.
• January 20, 1911: 40 coal miners die in Sosnowiec, Russian Poland.<ref>MINE FIRE KILLS FORTY: Disaster In Casimir Colliery In Russian Poland. (1911). The New York Times, p. 5.</ref>
• April 8. 1911 Banner Mine disaster near Littleton, Alabama. Of the 128 men killed, most were leased Black convicts.
• August 24, 1911 Giroux Mining Accidents Ely, Nevada 7 dead 2 injured
• December 9, 1911: Cross Mountain Mine disaster killed 84 miners in Briceville, Tennessee
• October 14, 1913: Senghenydd colliery disaster, the worst mining accident in the United Kingdom; 439 workers died in Wales.
• October 22, 1913: Dawson Stag Canon Number 2 Mine disaster, near Dawson, New Mexico,<ref>Dawson, New Mexico</ref> where 263 workers were killed due to illegal use of dynamite.
• April 28, 1914: The Eccles mine disaster was an explosion of coal-seam, in Eccles, West Virginia. The explosion took the lives of at least 180 men and boys
• June 8, 1917: Speculator Mine disaster in Butte, Montana. An electric cable being lowered into the mine was accidentally ignited at 2,500 feet below the surface. The fire quickly climbed the cable and ignited the mine's wooden shaft. The shaft became a chimney, eliminating the mine's primary source of oxygen. Nearly all of the 168 fatalities were due to asphyxia, from carbon monoxide poisoning. This is the deadliest underground hard rock mining disaster in United States history.
• January 12, 1918 Minnie Pit disaster in Staffordshire, England was a coal mining accident in which 155 men and boys died (144 from carbon monoxide poisoning and 11 from violence, plus carbon monoxide poisoning). The disaster, which was caused by an explosion due to firedamp, is the worst ever recorded in the North Staffordshire Coalfield. An official investigation never established what caused the ignition of flammable gases in the pit.
• February 8, 1923 The Dawson Stag Canon #1 Mine Explosion killed 123; many were descendants of men killed in the 1913 explosion at the same mine. As a mine car derailed, it caused sparks and ignited coal dust, causing the explosion.
• February 20, 1925 The City Mine Disaster, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States. An explosion occurred at this coal mine, killing 51.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• November 3, 1926 The Barnes-Hecker Mine Disaster, near Ishpeming, Michigan, United States. A stope collapse allowed water and quicksand to fill most of the mine within 15 minutes, and 51 miners drowned.
• 1927–1932: Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster, near Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, United States. Over several years, 476 workers died from silicosis.
• January 3, 1934: Nelson III Coal Mine, Osek u Duchcova, Czechoslovakia, Accumulated coal dust explosion. 142 dead miners including one woman. In June 1934, the accumulated gases knocked out the masonry cover above the pit and killed two more workers - the number of victims thus rose to 144.
• April 21, 1934: 1934 Kakanj mine disaster. 127 miners died in an explosion in the Kakanj coal mine in Kakanj, Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
• July 2, 1937 The Holditch (also known as Brymbo) Colliery disaster was a coal mining accident in Chesterton, Staffordshire, England, in which 30 men died and eight were injured. It was caused due to a fire and subsequent explosions. Fatalities were exacerbated because management chose to try to save the coal seam, and risked the lives of mine workers while delaying evacuation.
• November 11, 1937: According to Japanese government official confirmed report, a long period heavy rain contiue, a huge landslide hit in Ogushi sulfur mine, followed to landslide and a smelter fire at Tsumagoi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, as resulting to 245 person were human fatalities and 32 persons were wounded.
• May 10, 1938: Explosion in Markham No. 1 Colliery near Staveley, Derbyshire, England. 79 workers died and 40 were seriously injured.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• July 15, 1940: Sonman Explosion near Portage, Pennsylvania. 63 workers died.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• April 26, 1942: Benxihu Colliery disaster in Benxi, Liaoning, China. 1,549 workers died, in the worst coal mine accident ever in the world. At the time, during World War II, this area was occupied by Japan and the mine was under control of Japanese managers. The overwhelming number of dead were Chinese forced labourers.
• June 19, 1945: 1945 El Teniente mining accident in El Teniente, Chile. 355 workers died and another 747 were injured.
• February 20, 1946: Template:Interlanguage link disaster in Bergkamen, Ruhr, Germany. 405 died.
• March 25, 1947: Coal dust explosion in Centralia, Illinois, mine killed 111 miners.
• July 14th, 1949: firedamp explosion at the María Luisa pit (Langreo, Asturias, Spain), killing 17 miners and 4 mules.
• September 7, 1950: Knockshinnoch Mine Disaster: Ayrshire Scotland: Liquid peat and moss flooded the mine, trapping over 100 men underground. It took days to reach the trapped men of whom 13 died.
• December 21, 1951: Orient 2 coal mine explosion in West Frankfort, Illinois. 119 workers died.
• December 10, 1954: Newton Chikli Colliery disaster, Chhindwara (M.P.), India. Flooding of the mine was caused by inrush of water from old workings of the same mine. There were 112 persons inside the mine when it was flooded. 49 persons managed to escape through the incline; the remaining 63 persons were trapped and drowned.
• August 8, 1956: Bois du Cazier disaster in Marcinelle, Belgium. A fire in the mines resulted in 262 deaths; of the 274 people working in Bois du Cazier on that morning, only twelve survived. 138 of the victims were Italian migrant workers.
• October 28, 1958: Oglebay-Norton mine, Craigsville, West Virginia 14 died.
• January 22, 1959: Knox Mine disaster at River Slope Mine, Port Griffith Luzerne County, Pennsylvania – flooding from the riverbed above works killed 12 miners
• January 21, 1960: Coalbrook mining disaster, South Africa, 437 died.
• May 9, 1960: Laobaidong colliery coal dust explosion Datong, China, 682 died.
• July 7, 1961: Dukla Coal Mine, Dolní Suchá, Czechoslovakia, Fire and carbon monoxide poisoning caused the deaths of 108 miners.
• November 5, 1962: Kings Bay in Ny-Ålesund on the Norwegian territory of Svalbard 21 miners killed in an explosion.
• November 9, 1963: Mitsui Miike Coal Mine disaster Mitsui Miike, Ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan; 458 died.<ref>Kawabata, Tai, "Film mines rich seams of history", Japan Times, 14 August 2011, p. 8.</ref>
• March 28, 1965: Several tailing dams at a copper mine failed during an earthquake, releasing water and slag which wiped out the town of El Cobre in Valparaíso Region, Chile; 350–400 miners and residents died.
• May 17, 1965: Cambrian Colliery in South Wales; 31 died.
• May 28, 1965: Dhanbad coal mine disaster took place in Jharkhand, India, killing over 300 miners.
• June 7, 1965: 1965 Kakanj mine disaster. 128 miners died in an explosion in the Kakanj coal mine in Kakanj,SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia.
• October 21, 1966: Aberfan Disaster was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip that caused an avalanche in the Welsh village of Aberfan, engulfing Pantglas Junior School, killing 116 children and 28 adults.
• November 20, 1968: Farmington Mine Disaster in Farmington, West Virginia. 78 workers died. As a result of the disaster, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969.
• December 30, 1970: Hurricane Creek mine disaster in Hyden, Kentucky. 39 miners died due to unsafe mine conditions. Occurred exactly one year after the passage of the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969.
• June 6, 1972: Wankie coal mine disaster Wankie, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 426 fatalities.
• March 21, 1973: Lofthouse Colliery disaster, West Yorkshire, England, seven fatalities.
• July 30, 1973: Markham Colliery disaster near Staveley, Derbyshire, England. 18 workers were killed and 11 seriously injured when a descending cage failed to slow at the bottom of the mine shaft.
• December 27, 1974: An explosion and a fire in a coal mine near Liévin, France kills 41 and injures a further six in the worst mining disaster in France since World War II.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 27, 1975: Chasnala mining disaster, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 372 miners died and another 130 contract workers are claimed to have died when water from adjacent mine gusted after the wall in between collapsed.
• October 16, 1981: A methane explosion in a coal mine owned by Kokutan Yubari Mining Company near Yūbari, Hokkaido resulted in 93 deaths including 10 rescuers.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 8, 1981: No. 21 Mine explosion near Whitwell, Tennessee. 13 coal miners died as a result of the explosion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• January 18, 1984: Miike coal mine A fire in a mine owned by Mitsui Mining Company near Ōmuta, Fukuoka resulted in 83 deaths and an additional 13 injuries.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• July 19, 1985: Val di Stava dam collapse took place in the village of Stava, near Tesero, Italy, when two tailings dams failed that had been used for sedimenting the mud from the nearby Prestavel mine. It resulted in one of Italy's worst disasters, killing 268 people, destroying 63 buildings, and demolishing eight bridges.
• September 16, 1986 Kinross mining disaster. In South Africa an underground fire killed 177 people.
• June 2, 1988 Template:Interlanguage link in Borken, Hesse. A lignite mine devastated by an explosion, 57 fatalities.
• November 18, 1989: 90 miners killed in the Aleksinački Rudnik mine in SR Serbia, SFRepublic of Yugoslavia.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• August 26, 1990: Dobrnja-Jug mine disaster. 180 miners were killed at the Mramor coal mine near Tuzla,SR Bosnia and Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia.
• May 9, 1992: Westray Mine, Pictou County, Nova Scotia. 26 killed in a methane and coal dust explosion.
• May 9, 1993: Nambija mine disaster, Nambija, Ecuador. Approximately 300 people were killed in a landslide
• May 13, 1993: Middelbult colliery near the town of Secunda in South Africa. 53 people killed in an underground methane explosion.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• August 28, 1994: Rajpura Dariba Mine VRM disaster, Dariba, Udaipur, India: This incident occurred due to flooding of the slurry from a mined VRM Underground mining hard rock stop, where cemented fill could not settle and its plug failed. This slurry accumulated in the plugged shaft, which could not take the load and subsequently failed. All of the material fell in the shaft, resulting in the drowning deaths of 63 people working below.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>[1] Template:Webarchive; inundations/rajpura-dariba-mine-on-28-8-1994</ref>

• February 22, 1994: Merriespruit tailings dam disaster, where 17 people died when a tailings dam failed.
• May 10, 1995: Vaal Reefs mining disaster, South Africa; a locomotive fell down a lift shaft and landed on a cage, causing the deaths of 104 people.
• March 24, 1996: Marcopper mining disaster, occurred in the island province of Marinduque, Philippines. A mine tailings pit fracture caused toxic waste to flood the Makulapnit-Boac river, displacing 400 families in Barangay Hinapulan. Drinking water contamination killed fish and shrimp, while large animals perished. Crops, irrigation channels, and the Boac River were destroyed. A year after, Republic Act No. 7942, also known as "The Philippine Mining Act of 1995" was enacted.
• August 31st, 1995: firedamp explosion at the San Nicolás Pit (Ablaña, Asturias, Spain), killing 14 miners.

21st century

• January 30, 2000: Baia Mare cyanide spill took place in Baia Mare, Romania. The accident, called the worst environmental disaster in Europe since Chernobyl, was a release of 100,000 tons of cyanide-contaminated water by an Aurul mining company when a reservoir broke, releasing its waters into the rivers Someş, Tisza and Danube. Although no human fatalities were reported, the leak killed up to 80% of aquatic life of some of the affected rivers.
• October 11, 2000: 2000 Martin County coal slurry spill occurred after midnight when the bottom of a coal slurry impoundment owned by Massey Energy in Martin County, Kentucky, broke into an abandoned underground mine below. The slurry came out of the mine openings, sending an estimated 306 million US gallons (1.16 million cubic metres; 1.16 billion litres) of slurry down two tributaries of the Tug Fork River. By morning, Wolf Creek was oozing with the black waste; on Coldwater Fork, a 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) stream became a 100-yard (91 m) expanse of thick slurry.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• September 23, 2001: Brookwood Mine Disaster At approximately 5:15 p.m., at the Jim Walter Resources No. 5 coal mine in Brookwood, Alabama a cave-in caused a release of methane gas that sparked two major explosions, killing 13 miners.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }} Template:PD-notice</ref>

• January 23, 2002: La Espuela Coal Mine disaster The disaster was caused by flooding of the shaft. Without the ability to flee, the 13 miners drowned.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• February 19, 2006: Pasta de Conchos accident. 65 miners lost their lives in the mining accident near Nueva Rosita, Coahuila, Mexico. Only 2 bodies were recovered.
• File:Crandall Canyon Mine Memorial.jpg

  A memorial to the men killed in the Crandall Canyon Mine collapse.
  August 6, 2007: Crandall Canyon Mine collapse. 6 miners and 3 rescue workers killed after subsequent collapses caused by inadequate mine design.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• May–June 2009: 2009 Harmony Gold mine deaths - at least 82 miners died from inhalation of poisonous gasses created by a fire in a closed section of the mine where unofficial miners were operating illegally.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref name="SA mine tragedy: Death toll rises">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• April 5, 2010: Upper Big Branch Mine disaster, West Virginia. An explosion occurred in Massey Energy's Upper Big Branch coal. 29 of 31 miners at the site were killed.<ref name="nytimes">Template:Cite news</ref>
• May 8, 2010: Raspadskaya mine explosion in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. An explosion believed to have been caused by a methane build up. 66 people were confirmed to have died with at least 99 others injured and as many as 24 unaccounted for.
• August 5, 2010: 2010 Copiapó mining accident, Atacama Desert, Chile. The 121-year-old San José copper–gold mine structurally collapsed at 14:05 CLT. The heart of the mountain, which had the mass of two Empire State Buildings, collapsed and caused catastrophic damage to the mine. It blocked all possible escape routes for the 33 miners trapped at Template:Convert. After 69 days, all 33 miners were rescued.
• November 19, 2010: Pike River Mine disaster in New Zealand. At 3:45 pm, the coal mine exploded. 29 men underground died immediately, or shortly afterwards, from the blast or from the toxic atmosphere. Two men in the stone drift, some distance from the mine workings, managed to escape. (Extract from Royal Commission of Enquiry Report on Pike River.)
• October 28th, 2013: a leak of firedamp gas killed six miners working at a depth of almost 700 metres in the Emilio del Valle mine in León, Castille and León, Spain.
• May 13, 2014: Soma mine disaster took place in Soma, Turkey. The accident was reportedly the worst mining accident ever in Turkey, and is the worst mining accident in the 21st century so far. 301 people died.
• January 6, 2019: 2019 Kohistan mine collapse, Afghanistan. The accident killed at least 30 gold miners.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• July 2, 2020: At least 174 people were killed in a landslide in the 2020 Hpakant jade mine disaster in the Hpakant area in Myanmar.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• December 1, 2020: At least 18 people were killed by a carbon monoxide leak in the Diaoshuidong mine disaster in Chongqing in China.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• November 25, 2021: Listvyazhnaya mine disaster in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. Smoke from a fire in a ventilation shaft caused the suffocation of over 40 miners.
• May 30, 2022: At least 12 people were killed by an explosion in La Mestiza coal mine in Colombia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• August 3, 2022: 10 people missing after flooding at the El Pinabete coal mine in Sabinas, Coahuila, Mexico.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• October 14, 2022: 41 killed in 2022 Turkish Mine Explosion in Bartın.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• May 18, 2023: At least 31 miners died at an abandoned mine being mined illegally in Welkom, South Africa.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• October 28, 2023: 46 killed in Kostenko mine disaster in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>
• March 31, 2025: At least 5 killed and 4 injured by an explosion at the Cerredo mine in Degaña, Asturias.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Accidents by country

Australia

File:John Longstaff - Breaking the News, 1887.jpg

Breaking the News, painted by Australian artist John Longstaff in 1887, depicts a miner informing a widow of her husband's death in a mining accident.

File:MountMulligan.jpg

Mount Mulligan disaster 1921 – the steel cable drums were blown 50 feet from their foundations.

22 miners drowned in December 1882 in the Australasian number 2 deep lead gold mine at Creswick in Victoria.<ref>Diary of Disaster, Len Williams, 1982</ref> The mine was violently flooded by a burst of water when miners digging a new drive approached too close to the abandoned and flooded Australasian number 1 workings, due to an error in surveying by the manager of the mine.<ref>PROV Inquest (Number 494 of 1883)</ref> 5 miners survived and were rescued after 50 hours trapped underground. This disaster, with the highest death toll from a gold mine disaster in Australian history, left 63 children without fathers and 18 widows.<ref>Mining Accident relief fund act 1884 (Victoria)</ref>

The Bulli Mine Disaster of 23 March 1887 involved a gas explosion in the mine that killed 81 men and boys, leaving 50 women widows and 150 children without fathers.

The Mount Kembla Mine Disaster of 31 July 1902 was an explosion resulting in the death of 96 miners, including two engaged in rescue work. It remains the worst mining disaster in Australian history.

A coal dust explosion at the Mount Mulligan mine on 19 September 1921 killed 75 or 76 workers.

Tasmania's Beaconsfield Mine collapse occurred on 25 April 2006. Of the 17 people who were in the mine at the time, 14 escaped immediately following the collapse, one was killed and the remaining two were found alive after five days. The survivors were trapped in a 1.5m x 1.2m cherry picker cage, which had saved them from being crushed by rocks.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> As it was not safe for rescuers to blast their way through, a special borer was brought in to drill an escape shaft. They were finally released on 9 May after 14 days underground.

Three mining disasters occurred at Moura in a 20-year period. The first of these was in 1975, at the Kianga Mine, where 13 men died in an underground explosion. The mine was sealed without their bodies being retrieved. In 1986 a second disaster occurred, as an underground explosion, which took the lives of 12 miners.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The bodies of all those persons were retrieved. In Moura on 7 August 1994 a third major mining accident occurred with an explosion at Moura No. 2 Mine. A second explosion at the mine approximately a day and a half later saw rescue attempts abandoned, and the mine was sealed, with the bodies of the 11 miners unretrieved.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Template:AnchorIn the 1996 Gretley coal mine disaster, near Newcastle, four men were killed when their mining machine broke into the flooded workings of an old coalmine, abandoned over 80 years earlier.<ref>"Charges laid over Gretley coal mine disaster" ABC news 12/8/2003. Accessed 21/3/2014</ref><ref>"Mine found guilty over Gretley disaster" The Sydney Morning Herald 9/8/2004 – accessed 21/3/2014</ref>

Four miners were killed in a windblast incident at the Northparkes mine outside the New South Wales town of Parkes in 1999.<ref name="abc">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

A mine collapsed at Ballarat Gold Mine in Victoria on March 14, 2024, resulting in a man dead, and another in critical condition. The two had been 'air legging' in a prohibited area under unsupported ground when the collapse occurred at 4:50pm. 29 other miners took refuge in a safety pod and were later brought to safety. The air legging technique is to be no longer used temporarily while a work safe investigation is underway. Australian Workers' Union organiser Ross Kenna said the geology of the mine is not suitable for the technique.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Belgium

On March 4, 1887, 120 miners died in a coal mine in La Boule, Borinage due to a methane explosion.<ref name="ff597">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On the morning of August 8, 1956, a fire in the mine Bois du Cazier in Marcinelle caused 262 victims, with only 12 survivors.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A mining cart on an elevator cage hit an oil pipe and electricity lines, with the resulting fire trapping the miners. Most of the victims were immigrants (136 Italians, 8 Poles, 6 Greeks, 5 Germans, 5 Frenchmen, 3 Hungarians, 1 Englishman, 1 Dutchman, 1 Russian and 1 Ukrainian.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

On September 4, 2014, after a 3.5 Richter earthquake hit Zenica caused rock burst in coal mine "Raspotočje", 34 miners remained trapped inside the mine. It was later reported that 5 miners were killed in the accident.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Canada

• The 1887 Nanaimo mine explosion in Nanaimo, British Columbia killed 150 miners at the No 1 Esplanade Mine. Explosives were laid improperly triggering a massive mine-wide explosion. Most miners were killed instantly, only 7 survived. Of the 150 workers killed, 53 of them were Chinese, the names of which are mostly unknown.
• The Hillcrest mine disaster, the worst coal mining disaster of Canadian history, occurred in Alberta in 1914. Deaths from the methane and coal dust-fueled explosion numbered 189; news coverage was eclipsed by the First World War. The mine remained in use until 1939.
• On May 20, 1980, a mining disaster in Val-d'Or, Quebec killed eight men under 68,000 tons of debris when part of a 150-meter shaft collapsed; 16 men escaped by scrambling through a partially completed ventilation shaft. Charges of manslaughter were made against the company which pled non guilty. It was not the fault of the owners of the operation, a jury has found in acquitting Belmoral Mines Ltd. on all charges. A song about this event called La tragédie de la Balmoral was recorded and published by singer Jean-Guy Gauthier in 1981.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite AV media</ref>
• On 18 September 1992, at the height of a labour dispute at the Giant Mine near Yellowknife, an explosion resulting from a bomb planted by striking worker "Roger Warren", killed nine men riding through a transport tunnel.
• Coal mining accidents in the province of Nova Scotia spanning 65 years referred to collectively as the Springhill mining disasters, which claimed in total at least 138 lives of men and boys due to coal dust explosions. The Westray Mine disaster in 1992 claimed the lives of 26 miners in a methane/coal dust explosion at a recently opened mining operation. Both of these mines were subsequently permanently closed in the wake of these events.
• On 17 May 2006, four people died due to asphyxiation in an accident at the decommissioned Sullivan Mine.

Central African Republic

In June 2013, heavy rains provoked the collapse of a gold mine in Ndassima, killing 37 miners and injuring many others.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Chile

Template:Main category In June 1945, during a fire, 355 workers died in El Teniente by inhaling carbon monoxide, in what was called the "Tragedia del Humo" (Template:Langx).

In January 2006, an explosion occurred in a mine in Copiapó, leaving 70 miners trapped underground. The miners were rescued after a brief period of time, but two people died.

In August 2010, 33 miners were trapped underground in Copiapó. After two weeks communication was made with them but it was said at least four more months would pass before they could be rescued, though essential services could still be provided. The rescues began on October 12, 2010, and all the 33 miners were rescued within 22 hours of first rescue. News of the success of the team led to celebrations around the country and much of the region.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

China

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}}

According to one source, in 2003 China accounted for the largest number of coal-mining fatalities, accounting for about 80% of the world's total, although it produced only 35% of the world's coal.<ref name="Xiaohui">Coal mining: Most deadly job in China Zhao Xiaohui & Jiang Xueli, Xinhua News Agency, Updated: 2004-11-13 15:01</ref> Between January 2001 and October 2004, there were 188 accidents that had a death toll of more than 10, about one such accident every 7.4 days.<ref name="Xiaohui"/> After the 2005 Sunjiawan mine disaster, which killed at least 210 miners, a meeting of the State Council was convened to work on measures to improve work safety in coal mines. The meeting's statement indicated serious problems such as violation of safety standards and overproduction in some coal mines. Three billion yuan (360 million US dollars) were dedicated for technological renovation on work safety, gas management in particular, at state-owned major coal mines. The government also promised to send safety supervision teams to 45 coal mines with serious gas problems and invite colliery safety experts to evaluate safety situations in coal mines and formulate prevention measures.<ref>China takes steps to halt coal mine disasters Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the U.S.A., 02 February 2005</ref>

In 2006, according to the State Work Safety Supervision Administration, 4,749 Chinese coal miners were killed in thousands of blasts, floods, and other accidents. For example, a gas explosion at the Nanshan Colliery killed 24 people on November 13, 2006; the mine was operating without any safety license and the Xinhua News Agency claimed the cause was incorrect usage of explosives. However, the 2006 rate was 20.1% less than 2005 despite an 8.1% increase in production.<ref>China sees coal mine deaths fall, but outlook grim 11 January 2007, Reuters</ref>

The New York Times reported that China's lack of a free press, independent trade unions, citizen watchdog groups and other checks of official power has made cover-ups of mining accidents more possible, even in the Internet age. As a result, Chinese bureaucrats habitually hide scandals (such as mine disasters, chemical spills, the 2003 SARS epidemic, and tainted milk powder) for fear of being held accountable by the ruling Chinese Communist Party or exposing their own illicit deals with companies involved. Under China's authoritarian system, superiors reward subordinates for strict compliance with goals established by authorities, like reducing mine disasters. Indeed, should a mining accident occur, the incentive to hide it is often stronger than the reward for managing it well, as any disaster is almost surely considered a liability.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In November 2009, a mining accident in Heilongjiang killed at least 104 people. It is thought to have been caused by a methane explosion followed by a coal dust explosion. Three top officials involved with the mining company were promptly dismissed.

On August 30, 2012, an explosion killed 45 people at the Xiaojiawan coal mine in Sichuan province.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> A few days later on September 3, 2012, 14 miners were killed at Gaokeng Coal Mine in Jiangxi province.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

On March 29, 2013, a landslide trapped 83 people in the Gyama Mine in Tibet.<ref name="bbc">Template:Cite news</ref>

On 4 January 2014 The Chinese Government stated that 1,049 people died in the year 2013, down 24 percent from 2012.<ref name="go">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On 22 February 2023, China recorded four deaths and 49 missing cases due to collapse of a pit coal mine in vast Inner Mongolia region's Alxa League. Nearly 900 rescuers, including a team from Ministry of Emergency Management, were sent to search for people. General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping ordered “all-out efforts in search and rescue” of all people.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Ecuador

About 300 people were killed on May 9, 1993, in the Nambija mine disaster in Ecuador.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On October 15, 2010, shortly after Chile completed its historic, successful rescue of 33 miners who had been stuck underground in the San Jose mine for a record period of nearly 10 weeks, four workers were trapped in an Ecuadoran gold mine following a tunnel collapse. All were confirmed dead by October 20.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

France

File:Courrières 1906 LeJ.jpg

Le Petit Journal illustration of the Courrières mine disaster

The Courrières mine disaster was the worst ever pit mine disaster in Europe. It caused the death of 1,099 miners (including many children) in Northern France on 10 March 1906. It seems that this disaster was surpassed only by the Benxihu Colliery accident in China on April 26, 1942, which killed 1,549 miners. A dust explosion, the cause of which is not known with certainty, devastated a coal mine operated by the Compagnie des mines de houille de Courrières (founded in 1852) between the villages of Méricourt (404 killed), Sallaumines (304 killed), Billy-Montigny (114 killed), and Noyelles-sous-Lens (102 killed) about two kilometres (one mile) to the east of Lens, in the Pas-de-Calais département (about 220 km, or 140 miles, north of Paris).

A large explosion was heard shortly after 06:30 on the morning of Saturday 10 March 1906. An elevator cage at Shaft 3 was thrown to the surface, damaging pit-head workings; windows and roofs were blown out on the surface at Shaft 4; an elevator cage raised at Shaft 2 contained only dead and unconscious miners.

India

• Burra Dhemo Colliery on 26.9.1956
• Central Bhowrah Colliery on 20.2.1958
• Central Saunda Colliery on 16.9.1976
• Central Saunda Colliery on 15.06.2005
• Chasnalla Colliery on 27.12.1975
• Damua Colliery on 5.1.1960
• Gaslitand Colliery on 26 or 27.9.1995
• Godavarkhani No. 7 LEP on 16.06.2003
• Hurriladih Colliery on 14.9.1983
• Jotejanaki Colliery on 28.6.1913
• Loyabad Colliery on 16.1.1935
• Mahabir Colliery on 13.11.1989
• Majri Colliery on 5.8.1953
• Makerwal Colliery on 6.7.1942
• Newton Chikli Colliery on 10.12.1954
• Phularitand Colliery on 11.07.1912
• Rajpura Dariba Mine VRM disaster on 28.8.1994
• Silewara Colliery on 18.11.1975<ref>[2] Template:Webarchive; mining-accidents-analysis, India</ref>

Japan

Mine disaster of a number occurs from the 1900s to 1980s in Japan, with introduce only large-scale disaster.

• Hokkaido
  • New Yubari Coal Mine accident, November 1914, 423 fatalities.
  • Hokutan Yubari,
    • April 1912 accident, 276 fatalities.
    • December 1912 accident, 216 fatalities.
    • December 1938 accident, 161 fatalities.
    • October 1981 accident 93 fatalities.
  • South Yubari Coal mine accident, May 1985, 62 fatalities.
  • Bibai coal mine
    • March 1941 accident, 177 fatalities.
    • May 1944 accident, 109 fatalities.
• Honshu
  • Uchigo coal mine caught fire accident in March 1927, 134 fatalities in Iwaki, Fukushima Prefecture
  • East Mizome coal mine seawater inflow accident in April 1915, 235 fatalities in Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture
  • Chosei coal mine submerged cave accident in February 1942, 183 fatalities in Ube.
• Kyushu
  • Hōjō coal mine explosion in December 1914, 687 fatalities in Miyata, Fukuoka.
  • Hokoku coal mine accidents in Itoda, Fukuoka Prefecture.
    • June 1899 accident, 213 fatalities.
    • July 1907 accident, 365 fatalities.
  • Onoura coal mine accidents in Miyata, Fukuoka Prefecture.
    • November 1909 accident, 243 fatalities.
    • December 1918 accident, 376 fatalities.
    • January 1939 accident, 94 fatalities.
  • 1965 Yamano coal mine accident on June in Maka, Fukuoka, 237 fatalities.
  • 1906 Takashima coal mine explosion on March, 307 fatalities in Nagasaki
  • 1963 Mikawa coal mine accident on November in Fukuoka, 458 fatalities.

Netherlands

The twelve mines in the Netherlands, four of which were state owned, were considered among the safest in the world, with only three larger accidents occurring during 70 years of mining:

• On 13 July 1928 a methane gas explosion killed 13 miners in the state-owned mine Hendrik in Brunssum.
• On 24 March 1947 13 miners from Staatsmijn Hendrik were killed in a fire caused by an overheated conveyor belt.
• On 3 March 1958 7 miners lost their lives when a cave-in occurred at Staatsmijn Maurits in Geleen.

New Zealand

Template:Main category The most notable mining accident in New Zealand is the 1896 Brunner Mine disaster, which killed all 65 miners inside. On 19 November 2010, there were four explosions over nine days at Pike River mine; 29 miners were killed and two escaped with minor injuries.

On 19 January 1967, there was an explosion in the Strongman Mine, near Greymouth, on the West Coast. 19 people were killed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Niger

A gold mine collapse in Maradi Region in 2021, killed dozens.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Poland

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On November 25, 2006, the worst mining disaster occurred in modern Polish history, 23 miners lost their lives at Halemba Coal Mine, a colliery in the town of Ruda Śląska in the southern industrial province of Silesia. A methane explosion at a depth of 1,030 meters caused the November 21 tragedy. The miners were attempting to retrieve €17 million ($US22 million) worth of equipment from a tunnel when a blast caused the shaft to collapse. The tunnel was supposed to have been closed in March due to dangerously high methane concentrations, but was kept active because of the value of the equipment left behind.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Russia

Several major mining accidents have happened in Russia, particularly the Ulyanovskaya Mine disaster of 2007, which killed at least 106 miners. On January 20, 2013, at least four miners died and four more went missing following an accident at a coal mine in the Kuznetsk Basin, in western Siberia.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In November 2021, the Listvyazhnaya mine disaster took place in Listvyazhnaya; many people were trapped.

Spain

The history of mining in Spain has left a number of major mining accidents with hundreds of victims. The majority of the accidents and casualties have happened in the North of Spain and are particularly related to coal mining, mainly due to the collapse of structures and gas explosions. Though, the worst recorded accident took place in Villanueva del Río, Sevilla, in the Southwest of the country on 28 April 1904, killing 63 people and leaving several more injured.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

South Africa

A number of major mining accidents happened in South Africa including the following accidents:

• 57 deaths on 12 September 1944 at Hlobane Colliery near Vryheid, Kwa-Zulu Natal<ref>Hlobane disasters : {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• 437 deaths<ref name="Eskom">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref> on 21 January 1960 the Coalbrook mining disaster occurred at Coalbrook North colliery. Coalbrook North colliery was one of the underground collieries of Clydesdale (Transvaal) Collieries Limited and was situated near Sasolburg in the Orange Free State province<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Eskom annual reports 1959: {{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• 177 killed on 16 September 1986 at the Kinross gold mine in Evander, Mpumalanga.
• 104 deaths on 10 May 1995 at Vaal Reefs number two shaft near Orkney, in the North West.
• 64 deaths on 12 September 1983 at Hlobane Colliery near Vryheid, Kwa-Zulu Natal
• 53 deaths on 13 May 1993 at Middelbult colliery. Middelbult colliery was and is still one of the underground collieries of Sasol Mining situated near the town of Secunda, Mpumalanga

Taiwan

The three worst mining accidents in Taiwan all happened in 1984:

• On June 20, 1984, in Template:Interlanguage link in Tucheng District, a runaway mining cart struck a high voltage transformer and triggered an explosion. 72 miners died from carbon monoxide poisoning.
• On July 10, 1984, 103 miners died in Template:Interlanguage link in Ruifang District as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a fire started in the air compressor chamber.
• On December 5, 1984, an explosion occurred at Haishan Coal Mine No. 1 in Sanxia District. 93 miners died from carbon monoxide poisoning with only one survival who was rescued 93 hours after the initial explosion.

Tanzania

At least 56 miners were killed in April 1998 after heavy rains flooded tanzanite mine shafts.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Five people were killed in July 2013 after the tanzanite quarry they were working in the Mererani mining hills collapsed above their heads. A sixth was admitted to hospital in critical condition.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>

Turkey

In March 1983, in the Armutçuk coal mine 103 miners died due to a methane gas explosion.<ref name="armutcuk ref">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In March 1992 at the TCC Kozla mine, 263 miners were killed due to a firedamp explosion<ref name="Germany vs Turkey">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In 2008 there was another disaster which resulted in one person losing their life. In November 2013, 300 workers barricaded the Zonguldak mine in order to protest the working conditions.

During the year of 2009, in December killed 19 miners due to a methane gas explosion in Bursa Province.

In 2010, there was a mining disaster in Zonguldak Province which resulted in the deaths of 30 workers in a coal mine. The explosion was caused by a firedamp explosion. Previous mining disasters have also occurred here, one in 1992 resulted in the deaths of 270 workers. This was the worst mining disaster until the Soma mine disaster.

In May 2014, in Soma, Manisa there was a major mine collapse caused by an explosion. More than 302 workers lost their lives in the collapse and at least 80 workers were injured.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In October 2022, at least 41 were killed in the 2022 Turkish Mine Explosion in Bartın.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In recent years, the Turkish coal mining industry has had the highest number of fatal accidents per million tons of coal produced. When using the "deaths per million tons of coal production" measure, on any given day, a Turkish coal miner is 360 times more likely to be killed in a Turkish mine than an American coal miner is in an American mine, and 5 times more likely to die from the lax mine safety standards of the Turkish mines than even a Chinese coal miner, whose country places with a distant second in terms of safety related deaths per million tons of coal produced.<ref name="turkish mining safety record">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

United Kingdom

England

In England, The Oaks explosion remains the worst mining accident, claiming 388 lives on 12–13 December 1866 near Barnsley in Yorkshire although in the first and main explosion only 340 died, fewer than at the Hulton colliery, but subsequent explosions claimed other lives during the night and the following day. The Hulton Colliery explosion at Westhoughton, Lancashire, in 1910 claimed the lives of 344 miners.<ref name="bolton">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> An explosion in 1878, at the Wood Pit, Haydock, Lancashire, killed over 200 workers, although only 189 were included in the 'official list'.<ref name="genuki">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Another disaster that killed many miners was the Hartley Colliery Disaster, which occurred in January 1862 when the beam of the pumping engine broke suddenly and fell into the single shaft serving the pit. The beam blocked the shaft and entombed hundreds of miners. The final death toll was 204, most of whom were suffocated by the lack of oxygen.

In the metalliferous mines of Cornwall, some of the worst accidents were at East Wheal Rose in 1846, where 39 workers were killed by a sudden flood; at Levant mine in 1919, where 31 were killed and many injured in a failure of the man engine; 12 killed at Wheal Agar in 1883 when a cage fell down a shaft and seven killed at Dolcoath mine in 1893 when a large stull collapsed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Scotland

The worst mining accident in Scotland is the 1877 Blantyre mining disaster in Blantyre, Lanarkshire, which claimed 207 lives. Other fatal incidents occurred in the town in 1878 and 1879.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Another serious incident occurred in the small Ayrshire mining village of Knockshinnoch in September 1950. For several tense days rescuers battled bravely against all odds to reach the 129 men trapped deep underground when a field above where they were working caved-in, flooding the mine workings with thick liquid peat, cutting off all means of escape. 116 were rescued but 13 died.<ref name="infomine">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> A film, The Brave Don't Cry, was made about the disaster in 1952.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

The worst Scottish mining disaster in the 20th century took place at Auchengeich by Moodiesburn in September 1959, with 47 men killed.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The total surpassed the 40 who had died in flooding at Redding, Falkirk in September 1923.<ref>Throwback Thursday: Fundraising – 1923 Style, Falkirk FC, 18 June 2020</ref>

Wales

File:Senghenydd Colliery Disaster.jpg

Crowd gathering at the pit head of the Senghenydd Colliery after the explosion in October 1913

During the period 1850 to 1930 the South Wales coalfield had the worst disaster record.Template:Clarify This was due to the increasing number of mines being sunk to greater depths into gas-containing strata, combined with poor safety and management practices. As a result, there were nearly forty underground explosions in the Glamorgan and Monmouthshire areas of the coalfield during this time. Each accident resulted in the deaths of twenty or more workers – either directly in the explosion or by suffocation by the poisonous gases formed. The total death toll from these disasters was 3,119 people.Template:Citation needed The four worst accidents in Wales were:

• 439 deaths at the Senghenydd Colliery Disaster at Universal Colliery in Senghenydd, Glamorgan, in a gas explosion in 1913.
• 290 deaths at the Albion Colliery in Cilfynydd, Glamorgan, in a gas explosion on 25 June 1894.
• 272 deaths at the Prince of Wales Colliery, Abercarn, Monmouthshire, in an explosion of 11 September 1878.<ref>Abercarn Colliery Template:Webarchive at welshcoalmines.co.uk</ref>
• 266 deaths in the Gresford Disaster near Wrexham in North Wales on 22 September 1934.

Some collieries, e.g. Morfa Colliery,<ref name="welshcoalmines">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> near Port Talbot, Glamorgan, and Black Vein Colliery, Risca, Monmouthshire, suffered three disasters before they were closed for being unsafe.Template:Citation needed

United States

Template:Main category The Scofield Mine disaster occurred on May 1, 1900, near Scofield, Utah. At least 200 men died making it the worst mining disaster in the United States at that point.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

The Fraterville mine disaster occurred on May 19, 1902, killing 216 miners making it one of the worst in American history. Fraterville is located in western Anderson County, Tennessee. Also in the same year on July 10, 1902, the Rolling Mill Mine Disaster happened in Johnstown, Pa. It killed 112, many of whom had just arrived in town. At the time it was one of the region's most productive mines.

The Monongah Mining Disaster was the worst mining accident of American history; 362 workers were killed in an underground explosion on December 6, 1907, in Monongah, West Virginia.

The Marianna Mine Disaster occurred on November 28, 1908, in a coal mine near Marianna, Pennsylvania resulting in the death of 154 men from the explosion. The explosion occurred during shift change, as men entered the mine before the previous shift had left. Consequently, the mine contained many more miners than usual. Another accident occurred in the same mine on September 23, 1957, when an explosion killed 6 of 11 men in the mine.<ref name="marianna"/>

The Cross Mountain Mine disaster occurred on December 9, 1911, near the community of Briceville, Tennessee, killing 84 miners.

The First Dawson Disaster was a mining accident on October 22, 1913, in Dawson, New Mexico in which 263 men died (146 were Italian and 36 were Greek).

The Second Dawson Disasters was a mining accident on February 8, 1923, in Dawson, New Mexico in which 123 men died.

The Speculator Mine Disaster occurred in the copper mines of Butte, Montana on June 8, 1917. An electric cable being lowered into the mine was accidentally ignited at 2,500 feet below the surface. The fire quickly climbed the cable, in turn igniting the shaft. The shaft thus became a chimney, eliminating the mine's primary source of oxygen. Nearly all of the 168 fatalities were due to asphyxia. It remains the deadliest underground hard rock mining event in American history.

The Hastings mine explosion was a fire at the Victor-American Fuel Company coal mine in Hastings, Las Animas Country, Colorado, On April 27, 1917, in which 121 people died.

The Cherry Mine disaster was a fire in the Cherry, Illinois, coal mine in 1909, and surrounding events, in which 259 men and boys died.

The Millfield Mine Disaster 1930 in Ohio killed 82 men.

From 1880 to 1910, mine accidents claimed thousands of fatalities. Where annual mining deaths had numbered more than 1,000 a year during the early part of the 20th century, they decreased to an average of about 500 during the late 1950s, and to 93 during the 1990s.<ref>Historical Data on Mine Disasters in the United States Template:Webarchive U.S. Department of Labor</ref> In addition to deaths, many thousands more are injured (an average of 21,351 injuries per year between 1991 and 1999), but overall there has been a downward trend of deaths and injuries.

In 1959, the Knox Mine Disaster occurred in Port Griffith, Pennsylvania. The swelling Susquehanna River collapsed into a mine under it and resulted in 12 deaths. In Plymouth, Pennsylvania, the Avondale Mine Disaster of 1869 resulted in the deaths of 108 miners and two rescue workers after a fire in the only shaft eliminated the oxygen in the mine. Federal laws for mining safety resulted from this disaster. Pennsylvania suffered another disaster in 2002 at Quecreek, 9 miners were trapped underground and subsequently rescued after 78 hours. During 2006, 72 miners died at work, 47 by coal mining. The majority of these fatalities occurred in Kentucky and West Virginia, including the Sago Mine Disaster.<ref>All Mining Fatalities By State Template:Webarchive U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 15 January 2007</ref><ref>Coal Fatalities By State Template:Webarchive U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration, 15 January 2007</ref> On April 5, 2010, in the Upper Big Branch Mine disaster an underground explosion caused the deaths of 29 miners.

The U.S. Bureau of Mines was created in 1910 to investigate accidents, advise industry, conduct production and safety research, and teach courses in accident prevention, first aid, and mine rescue. The Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Acts of 1969 and 1977 set further safety standards for the mining. Since the closure of the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1996, this research function has been carried on by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NIOSH maintains a list of mine disasters which occurred in the United States since 1839.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Venezuela

{{#invoke:Labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Main article|Main articles|Main page|Main pages}} On 21 February 2024, fourteen people were killed and eleven injured following the collapse of an illegal gold mine in Angostura Municipality, Bolívar.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Further reading

• North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers. Nicholas Wood Memorial Library "Mining accidents and safety: a guide to resources". 2016. A guide to books, journals, inspectors' reports, government enquiries, legislation, archival material, etc. in the Institute Library relating to accidents and safety in the UK.
• For more details of mining disasters in the UK see The Coalmining History Research Centre at 1842 Royal Commission Reports – Raleys – Maps, Poems and Sm

External links

• Template:Commons category-inline
• MSHA Fact Sheets – Injury Trends in Mining
• CDC – Mining – Historical Mine Disasters
• Worst mining disasters