Noah in Islam

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Noah, also known as Nuh (Template:Langx),<ref name="Dictionary of Islam">Template:Cite book</ref> is recognized in Islam as a prophet and messenger of God. He is also believed to be the first messenger sent by God.Template:Cn He is one of the Ulul 'azm prophets.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Noah's mission was to warn his people, who were plunged in idol worshipping. God charged Noah with the duty of preaching to his people, advising them to abandon idolatry and to worship only God, and to live good and pure lives.<ref name="know your islam">Template:Cite book</ref> Although he preached the Message of God with zeal, his people refused to mend their ways, leading to building the Ark and the Deluge, the Great Flood. In Islamic tradition, it is disputed whether the Great Flood was a global or a local one.<ref>Template:Citation</ref> Noah's preaching and prophethood spanned 950 years according to the Quran,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> ahadith and tafsir.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

In the QuranEdit

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File:Şırnak Üniversitesi.jpg

Cudi Dağı in Southeast Turkey, as viewed from Şırnak

PraiseEdit

Noah is praised by God in the Qur'an, which shows his great status amongst the prophets. In 17:3 of the Qur'an, God states: "He was indeed a grateful servant."<ref name="qur173">Template:Qref</ref> The Qur'an also states in a later chapter:

<poem>Indeed, Noah cried out to Us, and how excellent are We in responding!
We delivered him and his family from the great distress, and made his descendants the sole survivors. And We blessed him ˹with honourable mention˺ among later generations: “Peace be upon Noah among all peoples.”</poem>{{#if:Template:Qref|{{#if:|}}

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And also in 3:33, the Qur'an states: "Indeed, Allah chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of ’Imrân above all people ˹of their time˺.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>

StoryEdit

According to the Qur'an, Noah was inspired by God like other prophets—such as Ibrāhīm (Abraham), Ismā'īl (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), Ya'qub (Jacob), Isa (Jesus), Ilyas (Elijah), Ayyub (Job), Harun (Aaron), Yunus (Jonah), Dawud (David) and Muhammad—and was a faithful messenger. Noah had firm belief in tawhid (the oneness of God), and preached Islam (literally "submission," meaning submission to God).<ref>Template:Qref, Template:Qref</ref><ref>Template:Qtaf</ref>

He continuously warned the people of the painful doom that was coming and asked them to accept one God instead of worshipping idols such as Wadd, Suwa', Yaghuth, Ya'uq and Nasr.<ref>Template:Qref, Template:Qref, Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline He called the people to serve God, and said that nobody but God could save them.<ref>Template:Qref</ref> He said that the time of the deluge was appointed and could not be delayed, and that the people had to submit to God.<ref>Template:Qref, Template:Qref, Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline

God commanded Noah to build a ship, the Ark, and as he was building it, the chieftains passed him and mocked him. Upon its completion, the ship is said to be loaded with pairs of every animal, and Noah's household,<ref>Template:Qref, Template:Qtaf</ref> and a group of believers who did submit to God. The people who denied the message of Noah, including one of his own sons, drowned.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline The final resting place of the ship was referred to as "Al-Jūdiyy"<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline or a "Munzalanm-Mubārakan" (Template:Langx).<ref name="qref|23|23-30|b=y">Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah is called a grateful servant.<ref name="qur173"/><ref>Template:Qtaf</ref> Both Noah and Abraham were taught the prophethood and the scripture.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline According to Shi'a tafsir (exegesis), God commanded Noah to take all species that he needed on the ship. The commentary by Prophetic descendants explains the verse to mean eight animals.<ref>Template:Qref</ref><ref>Tafsir Bahrani</ref>

Traditional narrative in IslamEdit

According to Islam, he was a prophet, sent to warn mankind of that region and his people to change their ways. He conveyed the message for over 950 years. Islamic literature recounts that in the Generations of Adam, many men and women continued to follow Adam's original teachings, worshiping God alone and remaining righteous. Among Adam's descendants there were many brave and pious men, greatly loved and revered by their respective communities. Exegesis goes on to narrate that, upon the death of these elders, people felt enormous grief and some felt prompted to make statues of these people in remembrance of them. Then gradually, through the generations many forgot what such statues were for and began to worship them, (as the Shaytan (Satan) slowly deceived each generation) along with many other idols. In order to guide the people, God appointed Noah with the duty of being the next prophet to humanity.<ref name="ReferenceB">Lives of the Prophets, Leila Azzam, Noah and The Ark</ref>

Early preachingEdit

According to Islamic belief, Noah began preaching to his people both verbally and through example. He would praise God consistently and he urged his people to do the same, warning his tribe of the punishment they would face if they did not mend their ignorant ways. The Qur'an states that Noah repeatedly told his people: Template:Bq

Though a few were moved by Noah's words, the powerful and wealthy members of the tribe refused to hear his call. The unbelievers at the time were impelled to rebel by various evil motives. Firstly, they were extremely envious and jealous of men superior to them in any way.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline Secondly, the people were ignorant of the weak and lowly, who were frequently superior intellectually, morally and spiritually.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> As a result of their ignorance, they were arrogant and mocked all who they felt were inferior to them. They would ask Noah, "Shall we believe in you, when the inferior follow you?"<ref>Template:Qtaf</ref> Noah would respond: "Their account is only with my Lord, if you could (but) know."<ref>Template:Qtaf</ref> When Noah preached the faith of God to them, all they did was revile the messenger, abuse the Message, and refer to the whole warning as a lie.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> He then went on to explain the Prophetic Message in greater depth, ensuring them that it was not a message of destruction but it was a message with the mercy from God, and that their acts would lead to destruction if they did not accept the faith. He questioned them, asking why they would not accept what would benefit them in the near future.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Noah went onto further, and told his community that he asked of no reward from them, telling them his only reward would be from God. But his people threatened him with being stoned.<ref>Template:Qref, Template:Qtaf</ref>

AccusationEdit

As time passed, Noah became firmer in his preaching.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> When the unbelievers began insulting those who accepted God's message, believing that Noah would send those faithful away to attract the wealthy unbelievers, Noah revealed that they—the arrogant and ignorant rich—were the wicked and sinful ones.<ref>Template:Qref</ref> His people accused him of being soothsayer<ref>Template:Qref</ref> or diviner. Noah declared that he was by no means a mere fortune-teller, pretending to reveal secrets which are not worth revealing. Noah also denied accusations claiming he was an angel, always maintaining that he was a human messenger. When the people refused to acknowledge their sinfulness Noah told them that it was not Noah, but God that would punish them - however God pleased.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

PrayerEdit

The Qur'an states that Noah prayed to God,<ref name="ReferenceA">Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, Noah</ref> complaining that his preaching only made his people disbelieve further.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah told God how they had obstinately refused to accept the message, so that the light of the truth should not affect their thinking.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah told God how he had used all the resources of the classical preacher, conveying the message both in public places and with individuals in private.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah spoke of how he had told the people the rewards they would receive if they became righteous, namely that God would supply plentiful rain<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline as a blessing, and that God would also guarantee them an increase in children and wealth.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline

Building of the ArkEdit

According to the Quran, one day, Noah received a revelation from God, in which he was told that no one would believe the message, aside from the few who had already submitted to God.<ref>Qur'an 11:36</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah's frustration at the defiance of his people led him to ask God to not leave even one sinner. Although there is no proof that God accepted his prayer<ref>Qur'an 71:26</ref>Template:Primary source inline (as there are many examples of accepted prayers, such as in case of Yunus,<ref>Qur'an 21:87</ref>Template:Primary source inline Lut (Lot),<ref>Qur'an 26:168</ref>Template:Primary source inline Suleyman (Solomon)<ref>Qur'an 38:35</ref>Template:Primary source inline etc., even Noah's prayer in some other shape was accepted<ref>Qur'an 54:10</ref>Template:Primary source inline), God decreed that a terrible flood would come and He ordered Noah to build a ship (Template:Langx) which would save him and the believers from this dreadful calamity.<ref>Lives of the Prophets, Leila Azzam, Noah and the Ark</ref> Ever-obedient to God's instructions, Noah went out in search of material with which to construct the vessel. When Noah began building the Ark, the people who saw him at work laughed and mocked at him even more than before. Their conclusion was that he was surely a madman; they could not find any other reason why a man would build a huge vessel when no sea or river was nearby.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Although Noah was now very old, the aged patriarch continued to work tirelessly until, at last, the Ark was finished.

Noah's Ark by Miskin.jpg

Depiction of Noah and the ark in a Mughal miniature from the 16th century
Khalili Collection Islamic Art mss 0727 fol 45a det.jpg

Noah's ark depicted in a 14th-century manuscript of Rashid al-Din's world history, the Jami' al-tawarikh
16 2-8-2005-Noahs-ark-Hafis-Abru-2.jpg

Persian miniature from Hafiz-i Abru's Majma al-tawarikh depicting Noah's ark, 1405–1447
Noah's ark and the deluge.JPG

Noah's ark and the deluge from the Zubdat-al Tawarikh
Prophet Noah(Nūḥ) Miniature book (Muraqqa-e Golshan;1605-1628).jpg

Mughal miniature depicting the story of Noah from the Muraqqa-e Gulshan

FamilyEdit

Little is known of Noah's personal history before his call to prophecy. However, Ibn Kathir records him to have been the son of Lamech and grandson of Methuselah,<ref name="ReferenceA"/> one of the patriarchs from the Generations of Adam. Noah was neither the leader of the tribe nor a very rich man but, even before being called to prophecy, he worshiped God faithfully and was, in the words of the Qur'an, "a devotee most grateful".<ref>Qur'an 17:3</ref>Template:Primary source inline

Noah was married to a woman whose name is not mentioned in the Quran. Some Islamic historians such as Al-Tabari have suggested that the name of Noah's wife was Umzarah bint Barakil but this cannot be confirmed. Most Muslims simply call her by her midrashic name Naamah.Template:Citation needed

The Quran states that Noah's wife was not a believer with him so she did not join him. The sons of Noah are not expressly mentioned in the Qur'an, except for the fact that one of the sons was among the people who did not follow his own father, not among the believers and thus was washed away in the flood.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Also the Qur'an indicates a great calamity, enough to have destroyed Noah's people, but to have saved him and his generations to come.<ref>Quran 37:75-77</ref>Template:Primary source inline Noah's wife (Naamah) is referred to in the Qur'an as an evil woman. When God emphasizes upon the notion that everyone is for themselves on the Day of Judgement and that marital relations will not be to your aid when the judgement takes place, the Qur'an says:

Allah sets forth an example for the disbelievers: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. Each was married to one of Our righteous servants, yet betrayed them. So their husbands were of no benefit to them against Allah whatsoever. Both were told, “Enter the Fire, along with the others!”{{#if:Template:Qref|{{#if:|}}
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{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=Template:Main other|preview=Page using Template:Blockquote with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | author | by | char | character | cite | class | content | multiline | personquoted | publication | quote | quotesource | quotetext | sign | source | style | text | title | ts }} In contrast, the wife of the Pharaoh of the Exodus, Asiya, and Mary, the mother of Jesus, are referred to as among the best of women. This adds to the notion that, on the Last Day, everyone will be judged according to their own deeds.<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline The "Stories of The Prophets" explain that the son who declined to embark<ref>Template:Qref</ref>Template:Primary source inline was a non-believer.

In cultureEdit

File:04400 Üzengili-Doğubayazıt-Ağrı, Turkey - panoramio (3).jpg

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Searches for Noah's ArkEdit

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Searches for Noah's Ark have been reported since antiquity, as ancient scholars sought to affirm the historicity of the Genesis flood narrative by citing accounts of relics recovered from the Ark.<ref name="Josephus Antiquities Book I">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="Faustus 1985">Template:Cite book</ref> With the emergence of biblical archaeology in the 19th century, the potential of a formal search attracted interest in alleged discoveries and hoaxes. By the 1940s, expeditions were being organized to follow up on these purported leads.<ref name="Time Magazine 1949">Template:Cite magazine</ref> This modern search movement has been informally called "arkeology".<ref name="Montgomery 1972">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 2020, the young Earth creationist group the Institute for Creation Research acknowledged that, despite many expeditions, Noah's Ark had not been found and is unlikely to be found.<ref name="Thomas 2020">Template:Cite news</ref> Many of the supposed findings and methods used in the search are regarded as pseudoscience and pseudoarchaeology by geologists and archaeologists.<ref name="Cline 2007">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Feder 1996">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="Cline 2009">Template:Cite book</ref>Template:Rp<ref name="Feder 2010">Template:Cite book</ref>

AshureEdit

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Ashure or "Noah's pudding"

There is a Turkish dessert in remembrance of Noah, which is called Ashure or "Noah's pudding". It is made out of grains, nuts, and dried and fresh fruits. These are believed to be the few ingredients left on the ark, used by Noah and his family to celebrate the end of the flood.<ref>Template:Citation</ref>