Old Tatar

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The Old Tatar language was a literary language used by some ethnic groups of the Idel-Ural region (Tatars and Bashkirs) from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century.

Old Tatar is a member of the Kipchak (or Northwestern) group of Turkic languages, although it was derived from the ancient Bulgar language. The first poem, considered to be written by Qul Ghali in Volga Turki dates back to the period of Volga Bulgaria. It included many Persian and Arabic loans.

In its written form, the language was spelled uniformly among different ethnic groups, speaking different Turkic languages of the Kipchak sub-group. The pronunciation differed from one people to another, approximating to the spoken language, making the written form universal for different languages.

The language formerly used the Arabic script and its later updated alphabets of İske imlâ and Yaña imlâ. Old Tatar language was a language of Idel-Ural poetry and literature. With the Ottoman Turkish, Azeri, Cuman,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Khaqani Turkic<ref>Outstanding examples of the Uighur Middle Age literature are Yusuf Balasaghuni Qutatqu Bilik (Wisdom Of Royal Glory) (1069–70) and Mahmut Kashgari Divan-i Lugat-it Türk (Dictionary of Turkic Dialects) (1072)</ref> and Chagatai, they were the only Turkic literary languages used in the Middle Ages. It was actively used in publishing until 1905, when the first Tatar and Bashkir newspapers begun to be published in modern Tatar and Bashkir language.

Alphabet

	Name	Isolated	Final	Medial	Initial	Modern Cyrillic Bashkir alphabet	Modern Latin Bashkir alphabet	IPA	Notes
1	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
2	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink
3	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
4	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
5	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Before front towels
6	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from Arabic, and in Bashkir words in 19th century modification
7	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink
8	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink
9	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from Arabic
10	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
11	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
12	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	Only in Arabic loanwords, and in Bashkir words in 19th century modification
13	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
14	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
15	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Only in Persian, French and Russian borrowings
16	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	Before front vowels
17	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
18	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Before back vowels
19	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from Arabic
20	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Before back vowels
21	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from Arabic
22	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from Arabic
23	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
24	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
25	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
26	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
27	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
28	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	—	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Initial form was never used due to phonetic reasons
29	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
30	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
31	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink
32	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink
33	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink/Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink/Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink	lang}}
34	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script		Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink	Only in borrowings from European languages
35	lang}} {{#invoke:Lang|lang}}	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	Template:Script	lang}}	lang}}	Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink, Template:IPAlink

Bibliography

• Template:TES

See also

• Turki
• Bashkir language
• Tatar language