Parallel Lines

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Parallel Lines is the third studio album by American rock band Blondie, released on September 8, 1978,<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> by Chrysalis Records. An instant critical and commercial success, the album reached No. 1 on the UK Albums Chart in February 1979 and proved to be the band's commercial breakthrough in the United States, where it reached No. 6 on the Billboard 200 in April 1979. In Billboard magazine, Parallel Lines was listed at No. 9 in its top pop albums year-end chart of 1979. The album spawned several successful singles, notably the international hit "Heart of Glass".

Background

Blondie's second studio album, Plastic Letters (1977), was their last album produced by Richard Gottehrer, whose sound had formed the basis of Blondie's new wave and punk output. During a tour of the west coast of the US in support of Plastic Letters, Blondie encountered Australian producer Mike Chapman in California. Peter Leeds, Blondie's manager, conspired with Chrysalis Records to encourage Chapman to work with Blondie on new music. Drummer Clem Burke recalls feeling enthusiastic about the proposition, believing Chapman could create innovative and eclectic records. However, lead vocalist Debbie Harry was far less enthusiastic about Chapman's involvement as she knew him only by reputation; according to Chapman, her animosity towards him was because "they were New York. [He] was L.A.". Harry's cautiousness abated after she played Chapman early cuts of "Heart of Glass" and "Sunday Girl" and he was impressed.<ref name=porter>Template:Cite book</ref>

Recording

In June 1978 the band entered the Record Plant in New York to record their third album, and first with Chapman.<ref name="porter"/> However, Chapman found the band difficult to work with, remembering them as the worst band he ever worked with in terms of musical ability, although praising Frank Infante as "an amazing guitarist". Sessions with Chris Stein were hampered by his being stoned during recording, and Chapman encouraged him to write songs rather than play guitar. Similarly, according to Chapman, Jimmy Destri would prove himself to be far better at songwriting than as a keyboardist, and Clem Burke had poor timing playing drums. As a result, Chapman spent time improving the band, especially Stein with whom Chapman spent hours rerecording his parts to ensure they were right.<ref name="sound"/> Bassist Nigel Harrison became so frustrated with Chapman's drive for perfection that he threw a synthesizer at him during recording.<ref name="porter"/> Chapman recalls the atmosphere at the Record Plant in an interview for Sound on Sound:

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Chapman took an unorthodox approach when recording with Harry whom he describes as "a great singer and a great vocal stylist, with a beautifully identifiable voice. However ... also very moody". Chapman was far more cautious of demanding much from Harry as he saw her as a highly emotional person who would vest these emotions in the songs they made. He remembers Harry disappearing into the bathroom in tears for several hours at a time during recording.<ref name=sound>Template:Cite magazine</ref> During a day of recording, Harry sang two lead parts and some harmonies, less work than she did previously with Gottehrer. This was due to Chapman encouraging her to be cautious about the way she sang, particularly to recognise phrasing, timing and attitude.<ref name="porter"/>

Blondie recorded Parallel Lines in six weeks, despite being given six months by Terry Ellis, co-founder of Chrysalis Records, to do so.<ref name="sound"/><ref name="porter"/> For the drums, a traditional set-up was used and Chapman fitted Neumann microphones to the toms, snare and hi-hat, as well as several above the site. When recording, Chapman would start with the bass track, which was difficult to record at the time, by way of "pencil erasing". Chapman explained in an interview for Sound on Sound, "that meant using a pencil to hold the tape away from the head and erasing up to the kick drum. If a bass part was ahead of the kick, you could erase it so that it sounded like it was on top of the kick. That's very easy to do these days, but back then it was quite a procedure just to get the bottom end sounding nice and tight." A combination DI/amp method was used to record Harrison's bass and Destri's synthesizer. Shure SM57 and AKG 414 microphones were used to capture Infante's Les Paul guitar.<ref name="sound"/> King Crimson leader Robert Fripp makes a guest appearance on guitar on "Fade Away and Radiate".

After the basic track was complete, Chapman would record lead and backing vocals with Harry. However, this process was hampered by many songs not being written in time for the vocals to be recorded. "Sunday Girl", "Picture This" and "One Way Or Another" were all unfinished during the rehearsal sessions. When recording vocal parts, Chapman remembers asking Harry if she was ready to sing, only for her to reply "Yeah, just a minute" as she was still writing lyrics down. Chapman notes that many "classic" songs from the album were created this way.<ref name="sound"/>

During the last session at the Record Plant, the band were asleep on the floor only to be awakened at six o'clock in the morning by Mike Chapman and his engineer Peter Coleman leaving for Los Angeles with the tape tracks.<ref name="porter"/> Despite Blondie's belief that Parallel Lines would resonate with a wider audience, Chrysalis Records was not as enthusiastic; label executives told them to start again, only to be dissuaded by Chapman's assurance that its singles would prove popular.

Music and lyrics

According to music journalist Robert Christgau, Parallel Lines was a pop rock album in which Blondie achieved their "synthesis of the Dixie Cups and the Electric Prunes".<ref name="Christgau"/> Its style of "state-of-the-art pop/rock circa 1978", as AllMusic's William Ruhlmann described it, showed Blondie deviating from new wave and emerging as "a pure pop band".<ref name="Ruhlmann"/> Ken Tucker believed the band had eschewed the "brooding artiness" of their previous albums for more hooks and pop-oriented songs.<ref name="Tucker">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Chapman later said, "I didn't make a punk album or a New Wave album with Blondie. I made a pop album."Template:Sfn The album's eleven pop songs have refined melodics, and its sole disco song, "Heart of Glass", features jittery keyboards, rustling cymbals by drummer Clem Burke, and a circular rhythm.<ref name="RS2000">Template:Cite magazine</ref> Burke credited Kraftwerk and the soundtrack to the 1977 film Saturday Night Fever as influences for the song and said that he was "trying to get that groove that the drummer for the Bee Gees had".<ref name="RS500">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Lyrically, Parallel Lines abandoned what Rolling Stone magazine's Arion Berger called the "cartoonish postmodernist referencing" of Blondie's previous new wave songs in favor of a "romantic fatalism" that was new for the band.<ref name="RS2000"/> "Sunday Girl" deals with the theme of teen loneliness. Music critic Rob Sheffield said that the lyric "dusty frames that still arrive / die in 1955", in "Fade Away and Radiate", is the "best lyric in any rock'n'roll song, ever, and it's still the ultimate statement of a band that always found some pleasure worth exploiting in the flashy and the temporary."<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Title and packaging

Parallel Lines took its name from an unused track written by Harry, the lyrics of which were included in the first vinyl edition of the album. The cover sleeve image was photographed by Edo Bertoglio and was chosen by Blondie's manager, Peter Leeds, despite being rejected by the band. The photo shows the male members of the band posing in matching dress suits and smiling broadly in contrast to Harry who poses defiantly with her hands on her hips while wearing a white dress and high heels.<ref name="porter"/> According to music journalist Tim Peacock, the cover became "iconic – and instantly recognisable".<ref name="udiscover"/>

Release and promotion

The album was released by Chrysalis in September 1978,<ref name="udiscover">{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> to international success.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The album entered the Billboard 200 album chart the week ending September 23, 1978, at No. 186, reflecting retail sales during the survey period ending September 10, 1978.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In the United Kingdom, it entered the albums chart at No.13, eventually reaching the no.1 spot in February 1979 after the band had scored hits with the singles "Picture This" (UK #12), "Hanging on the Telephone" (UK #5), and "Heart of Glass" (UK #1). "Sunday Girl" was released in the UK as a fourth single from the album in May 1979 and also reached no.1, and Parallel Lines became the UK's biggest selling album of the year. Blondie embarked on a sold-out tour of the UK and appeared at an autograph signing event for Our Price Records on Kensington High Street; according to Peacock, it "descended into Beatlemania-esque chaos when the band were mobbed by thousands of fans".<ref name="udiscover"/>

Parallel Lines was also a commercial success elsewhere in Europe, Australia, and the United States, where the band had struggled to sell their previous records. "Heart of Glass" became their first number-one hit on the American Billboard Hot 100, with help from a promotional video directed by Stanley Dorfman depicting Blondie in a performance of the song at a fashionable nightclub in New York. The single was "responsible for turning the band into bona fide superstars", Peacock said.

Reception and legacy

Template:Music ratings The album was met with universal acclaim from critics.<ref name="udiscover"/> Writing in The Village Voice in 1978, Robert Christgau said although Blondie still could not write a perfect hit single, the record was a consistent improvement over Plastic Letters.<ref name="Christgau">Template:Cite news</ref> Years later, he wrote in Blender that it was "a perfect album in 1978" and remained so with "every song memorable, distinct, well-shaped and over before you get antsy. Never again did singer Deborah Harry, mastermind Chris Stein and their able four-man cohort nail the band's signature paradoxes with such unfailing flair: lowbrow class, tender sarcasm, pop rock."<ref name="Blender">Template:Cite magazine</ref> New York Times critic John Rockwell named Parallel Lines the eighth best album of 1978.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Daryl Easlea from BBC Music, who felt the record combined power pop and new wave styles, credited Mike Chapman's production and flair for pop songwriting for helping make Parallel Lines an extremely popular album in the United Kingdom, where it was a number-one hit and charted for 106 weeks during the late 1970s.<ref name=bbc>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> Q magazine called the album "a crossover smash with sparkling guitar sounds, terrific hooks and middle-eights more memorable than some groups' choruses."<ref name="qmag"/>

In a retrospective appraisal of 1970s post-punk albums, Spin magazine's Sasha Frere-Jones said Parallel Lines may have been "the perfect pop-rock record" and Blondie's best album.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Christian John Wikane from PopMatters later called it "a creative and commercial masterpiece by Blondie ... indisputably one of the great, classic albums of the rock and roll era."<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> In the opinion of Pitchfork critic Scott Plagenhoef, the album popularized "the look and sound of 1980s new wave" with classic songs that showcased the depth and complexity of Harry's sexuality and singing.<ref name="pitchfork"/> Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine was also impressed by her singing, which he felt varied from "purring like a kitten and then building to a mean growl", and cited "Heart of Glass" as the album's best track because of her "honey-dipped vocal".<ref name="slant"/>

In 2000, Parallel Lines was voted number 57 in Colin Larkin's book All Time Top 1000 Albums.<ref name="Larkin">Template:Cite book</ref> Three years later, it was ranked at number 140 on Rolling StoneTemplate:'s list of the 500 greatest albums of all time,<ref name="RS500"/> maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list, and moved slightly down to number 146 in the 2020 revision;<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> an accompanying essay said the album was "where punk and New Wave broke through to a mass U.S. audience".<ref name="RS500"/> It has also been placed at number 18 and 45 on NMETemplate:'s 100 Best Albums of All Time (2003)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (2013) lists,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> respectively; number 7 on BlenderTemplate:'s 100 Greatest American Albums of All Time;<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> number 94 on Channel 4's 2005 list of the 100 greatest albums of all time;<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and number 76 on PitchforkTemplate:'s list of the best albums from the 1970s.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Accolades

In 2024, "Parallel Lines" was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref><ref>ABBA, Blondie, The Notorious B.I.G. among 2024's additions to National Recording Registry - CBS News</ref><ref>The Sounds of America: Blondie's 'Parallel Lines'|1A</ref>

Reissues

The album was reissued and remastered in 2001 along with Blondie's back catalog, and featured four bonus tracks: a 1978 version of "Once I Had a Love", a live cover of T. Rex's song "Bang a Gong (Get It On)", and two live tracks taken from the Picture This Live live album.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref>

On June 24, 2008, an expanded 30th Anniversary Edition of the album was released,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> which featured new artwork<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> and bonus tracks along with bonus DVD.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}</ref> The liner notes once again featured lyrics to the unfinished "Parallel Lines" song. The Parallel Lines 30th Anniversary Edition included the 7″ single version of "Heart of Glass", the French version of "Sunday Girl" and some remixes, plus a DVD with albums, promo videos and TV performance.

The band also launched a world tour of the same name in 2008 to promote the re-release and celebrate the event.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Track listing

Notes

• The album version of "Heart of Glass" was replaced with the disco version (5:50 long) on pressings of the album from March 1979 onward. The original length version of "Heart of Glass" appeared on the original US CD release in 1985 (Chrysalis VK 41192, later F2 21192) although the CD artwork proclaimed it was the disco version. Later editions of the Capitol disc had the mistake removed from the inlay but it remained on the disc until its deletion. The 1994 DCC Compact Classics Gold CD release (Capitol Special Markets USA GSZ 1062) features the original version with the disco version as a bonus track.
• A promotional CD of the album was given away free with the British newspaper The Mail on Sunday on December 5, 2010, including the bonus tracks "What I Heard" and "Girlie Girlie" from the band's 2011 album Panic of Girls.<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Parallel Lines.<ref>Template:Cite AV media notes</ref>

Blondie

• Jimmy Destri – electronic keyboards
• Frank Infante – guitar, co-lead vocals on "I Know but I Don't Know"
• Chris Stein – guitar, 12-string, E-bow
• Nigel Harrison – bass
• Clem Burke – drums
• Debbie Harry – vocals

Additional personnel

• Robert Fripp – guitar on "Fade Away and Radiate"
• Mike Chapman – production, backing vocals on "Hanging on the Telephone"Template:Efn and "Heart of Glass"<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation

|CitationClass=web }}</ref>

• Pete Coleman – production assistance, engineering
• Grey Russell – engineering assistance
• Steve Hall – mastering at MCA Whitney Studio (Glendale, California)
• Edo Bertoglio – photography
• Ramey Communications – art direction, design
• Frank Duarte – illustration
• Jerry Rodriguez – lettering
• Kevin Flaherty – production (2001 reissue)

Charts

Weekly charts

Template:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chartTemplate:Album chart

1978–1979 weekly chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart (1978–1979)	Peak position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)Template:Sfn	2
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	11
Italian Albums (Musica e dischi)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }} Select "Album" in the "Tipo" field, type "Blondie" in the "Artista" field and press "cerca".</ref>	13
Portuguese Albums (Música & Som)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	7

Template:Album chart

2018 weekly chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart (2018)	Peak position
UK Physical Albums (OCC)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	33
UK Vinyl Albums (OCC)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	4

2023 weekly chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart 2023	Peak Position
citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>|| 10

Year-end charts

1978 year-end chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart (1978)	Position
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	49
UK Albums (BMRB)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>	38

1979 year-end chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart (1979)	Position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)Template:Sfn	12
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	27
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	17
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)<ref>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation	CitationClass=web }}</ref>	9
UK Albums (BMRB)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	1
US Billboard 200<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	9

1980 year-end chart performance for Parallel Lines

Chart (1980)	Position
UK Albums (BMRB)<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	42
US Billboard 200<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>	40

References

Bibliography

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Further reading

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